Fair Use and the Fairer Sex: Gender, Feminism, and Copyright Law

Copyright laws are written and enforced to help certain groups of people assert and retain control over the resources generated by creative productivity. Because those people are predominantly male, the copyright infrastructure plays a role, largely unexamined by legal scholars, in helping to sustain the material and economic inequality between women and men. This essay considers some of the ways in which gender issues and copyright laws intersect, proposes a feminist critique of the copyright legal regime which advocates low levels of copyright protections, and asserts the importance of considering the social and economic disparities between women and men when evaluating the impacts and performance of intellectual property laws

Legal Issues With Respect To Online File Sharing And Copyright

The core element of copyright is that persons who produce such intellectual work should be able to support themselves through their talent and labour and that innovation must be recognised. Owners are given control over and a share of the money made from the commercial exploitation of their works pursuant to copyright protection. Copyright comes into being as soon as the work is produced since it is about safeguarding "original expression." Intangible forms of expression that can be viewed, reproduced, or otherwise communicated either directly or with the aid of a computer or mechanism are protected by copyright as "original authors of workship.

Cut-and-Paste Plagiarism: Teaching Student Researchers Boundaries

Librarians affiliated with educational institutions, as members of an academic community, participate in teaching students and future scholars how they share in the responsibility of upholding ethical standards of scholarship and values of academic honesty. Academic honesty, in its variant forms,was part of issues in education long before the introduction of computers. Two forms, plagiarism and copyright infringement, were chronic problems in the print realm and present additional dimensions in today’s electronic environment. The causes of copyright infringement and plagiarism are extensive and complex. Divergent positions are represented in the literature on how to deal with these issues. They are not only legal issues, but moral and ethical issues as well

Oops! Is That Legal? Answering Copyright Questions

This article discusses basic copyright issues and resources in order to provide the tools librarians need to develop their own institutional copyright policies. The relevant laws are discussed including the legal rights given to copyright holders (§106), the limitations on these rights ( §107, §108, §110), and the DMCA. The four criteria for a fair use analysis (§107) are covered as well as the pros and cons of the established fair use guidelines. Special library exemptions and problems are explained for Interlibrary Loan, unsupervised patron copying, archives and copying and viewing videos

Hukum dan Teknologi: Model Kolaborasi Hukum dan Teknologi dalam Kerangka Perlindungan Hak Cipta di Internet

The main issues in this research include: first, what the legal issues and cases are related to the protection of copyright on internet? Second, how is the development of the copyright protection recently? Third, is the collaboration of law and technology as the model of copyright protection on internet? This research was conducted by using the normative legal method. The result of the research showed some conclusions: first, the presence of internet has brought a negative impact on the attitude and behavior of human. Such negative impact is reflected with the increasing cases of copyright infringement. Therefore, the issue of copyright protection on internet becomes one of crucial issues. Second, recently, the copyright protection on internet can be done through technology approach or legal approach. If these two approaches are conducted separately, then the copyright protection on internet is found very difficult to be realized. To realize the copyright protection, then the model of the collaboration between the technology approach and legal approach becomes something certain. Third, the instrument of the copyright protection in internet collaborates between the technology and legal approach as seen in the regulation in Article 11 and 18 WIPO Internet Treaties and in some other countries such as United States and Indonesia

Access Copyright & Technology: Legal and Policy Issues in Educaiton

Access Copyright is a collective organization representing thecopyright interests of publishers and creators. The collective offerscopyright licences that allow certain limited uses of works in thecollective\u27s repertoire. The use of collective licences as part ofcopyright management policy was common in post-secondary educationadministration until 2010, when many universities opted out of acontractual relationship with Access Copyright.The growing movement towards online open access publishing andCreative Commons public licensing has made information more widelyavailable without requiring payment and with fewer restrictions onuse. The addition of education to the list of fair dealing purposes inthe Copyright Act, along with the inclusion of provisions allowing fornon-commercial user-generated content and use of materials availableon the Internet, means that educational institutions can moreconfidently rely on the user rights afforded by the law. The 2012Supreme Court decision in Alberta (Education) v Access Copyrightconfirms that exceptions to copyright infringement in the legislationshould be interpreted broadly.I will discuss the innovations in information technology, legislativechanges, and court decisions that have led some to question theutility and economy of collective licences

Copyright Protection In The Digital Era: A Malaysian Perspective

This paper seeks to explore the significance of copyright protection in Malaysia’s business environment of the digital era. Copyright law is increasingly being challenged with the intensification of internet use now. Issues of piracy and infringement of rights raise concerns surrounding the enforcement of legal measures for protection of copyrights. Hence the paper aim to understand the role and function of copyright in the digital era, and assessing the Malaysian society’s awareness of cyberspace copyright protection. This is an interpretive research carried out by conducting interviews, on 3 different groups of respondents, which are the dot.com companies, the IP professionals and government officials. The findings indicate there is a difference amongst the three groups in the understanding and awareness of Intellectual Property Rights and copyright protection; and that Malaysian government is not actively and effectively promoting awareness of the copyright issues to the public. Also it is imperative for Malaysian authorities to enhance protection of copyright in cyberspace.

AI, Author and Copyright

Copyright is constantly being challenged by new technologies. For now, copyright has barely kept up with the constant changes. The very core idea of copyright, authorship, is now being tested by Artificial Intelligence and works created by Artificial Intelligence. My research problems are mainly composed of authorship issues with Artificial Intelligence and issues with copyright ownership over works created by Artificial Intelligence. There are already artificial creators and more so in the future, so these copyright issues must be faced upfront and legislation should and must be adapted for the coming surge of artificial creators. Currently Artificial Intelligence cannot be a legitimized author or own copyright to a work. This all leads back to legal personhood, which Artificial Intelligence lacks due to current legislation. Artificial Intelligence must be placed somewhere in the equation of copyright for copyright to work properly and to get some legal certainty on these issues

Visual Arts and the Legal Issues of Copyright and Contract in Nigeria

This paper examines a number of legal issues that impinges on the works of the visual artist in the society, which if well tackled, will make positive impact in the economic growth and development of nations. This is essentially on copyright practices on intellectual properties. It is observed that perhaps due to lack of information on the part of the creative minds or a result of non enforcement by governments of countries on copyright agreements duly reached by member countries, the artist is not only being shortchanged but that the member countries also experience loss in harnessing the potentials of creativity for national development. Copyright is an important asset of creators that gives them legal rights and opportunities to generate income, irrespective of the ownership of their physical creation. Through a review of a number of literatures and critical examination of international treaties signed to regulate the creative efforts of member countries, a number of issues bordering on copyright and visual art practices were discussed and highlighted. They include the visual Arts under the Nigerian law, the concept of copyright and contracts, Moral Rights for the Visual Artists and the cultural policy in Nigeria. Others are the international Treaties on copyright, the Nigerian copyright commission and the legal issues for the visual artists. It is found out that these legal issues discussed are indispensable information for the visual artists, who wish to make a mark in their chosen career and that creativity is the bedrock of every civilization. When the intellectual properties are well protected, it will fastrack a wider dissemination of works of the human mind and thereby increase international understanding. Keywords: Copyright, Infringement, Creativity, Visual Arts, Berne Convention, Intellectual Property, fixed medium, legal issues

Price Discrimination and Copyright Law: Evidence from the Introduction of DVDs

This paper examines the welfare effects of intellectual property protection, accounting for firms’ optimal responses to legal environments. I examine firms’ use of indirect price discrimination in response to U. S. copyright law preventing direct price discrimination. Using data covering VHS and DVD movie distribution, I explain studios’ optimal pricing strategies under U. S. copyright law, and determine optimal pricing strategies under E. U. copyright law, which allows for direct price discrimination. I find that studios’ use of indirect price discrimination benefits consumers and harms retailers. Optimal pricing under E. U. copyright law further benefits studios and consumers. I also reanalyze these issues assuming continued DVD adoption.