Towards a Mapping Framework of ICT-enabled Innovation for Learning

ICT is regarded as a key enabler of innovation and creativity in E&T and for learning at large. Based on desk research and on previous JRC-IPTS studies, this report provides a definition and classification of ICT-enabled innovation for learning that has significant scale and/or impact at system level, both within formal Education and Training and outside formal settings. A mapping framework is also proposed that can be used for an in-depth analysis of existing initiatives showing how ICT-enabled innovation is implemented on a large scale. Finally, the report provides a preliminary application of four diverse initiatives on the proposed mapping framework.JRC.J.3-Information Societ

Learning from implementation of community selection in Zambia, Solomon Islands, and Bangladesh AAS hubs

The CGIAR Research Program on Aquatic Agricultural Systems (AAS) is a research in development program which aims to foster innovation to respond to community needs, and through networking and social learning to bring about development outcomes and impact at scale. It aims to reach the poorest and most vulnerable communities that are dependent upon aquatic agricultural systems. AAS uses monitoring and evaluation to track progress along identified impact pathways for accountability and learning. This report presents an evaluation of the recommended method for selecting communities during the participatory planning process, referred to as AAS “hub rollout,” in the first year of program implementation

Human capital, innovation and the productive ageing: growth and senior aged health in the regional community through engaged higher education

[Abstract]: This paper examines how low relative economic growth and high service and infrastructure costs in non-metropolitan regions that are increasingly attractive to lifestyle-seeking seniors, can be offset by focussing more positively on the human capital dimension of this cohort through closer engagement with higher education learning and innovation. At present, many senior-aged persons attracted to ‘lifestyle’ locations are allowed to let their knowledge, networks and skills ossify through a lack of engagement with processes of learning and innovation and institutional impediments of a structural and attitudinal nature. It represents poor return on sunk investment in human capital, has cost impacts on enabling health and community services and infrastructure and does not contribute as positively as it could to regional growth outcomes through productivity gains. The spatial impact of this will exacerbate as the demographic profile of the nation continues to age. Higher education in these places could be a key instrument in the learning and innovation required to realise the greater productivity gains from senior-aged human capital and the consequential growth and health outcomes at the local and regional scale. The paper reports on the literature, research undertaken and analysis to understand these potentially important issues of policy and practice. The paper has a particular focus on the Sunshine Coast and Wide Bay Burnett regions of Queensland which have some of the highest concentrations of senior aged people in Australia

A Breath of Fresh Air? Firm types, scale, scope and selection effects in drug development

This paper measures differences in the innovation performance of different types of firms in the pharmaceutical industry. We compare the innovation performance of incumbent firms with entrants, controlling for differences in the scale and scope of research, both at the firm level and at the project level. To do so, we develop a simple analytical framework of drug development, which we use to estimate a structural model, using data on 3,000 drug R&D projects in preclinical and clinical trials in the US during the 1980s-early 1990s. Key to our approach is a careful attention to the issue of selection – firms choose which compounds to advance into clinical trials. This choice depends upon the likelihood of success, but also upon economies of scale and scope, and strategic considerations about product cannibalization. It also depends upon how the costs of development and the rewards of success are shared within organizations and between alliance partners. After controlling for selection, we find that: a) incumbent pharmaceutical firms draw their compounds from better statistical distributions; b) over time, learning or environmental selection make entrants firms more similar to the established firms both in terms of selection behavior and research productivity; c) compounds licensed by pharmaceutical firms are at least as likely to succeed as internal developed projects, inconsistent with the “lemons” hypothesis; d) firm scale improves innovation performance but not scale at the project level.firm capabilities; drug development process; market for technology

Learning and innovative elements of strategy adoption rules expand cooperative network topologies

Cooperation plays a key role in the evolution of complex systems. However, the level of cooperation extensively varies with the topology of agent networks in the widely used models of repeated games. Here we show that cooperation remains rather stable by applying the reinforcement learning strategy adoption rule, Q-learning on a variety of random, regular, small-word, scale-free and modular network models in repeated, multi-agent Prisoners Dilemma and Hawk-Dove games. Furthermore, we found that using the above model systems other long-term learning strategy adoption rules also promote cooperation, while introducing a low level of noise (as a model of innovation) to the strategy adoption rules makes the level of cooperation less dependent on the actual network topology. Our results demonstrate that long-term learning and random elements in the strategy adoption rules, when acting together, extend the range of network topologies enabling the development of cooperation at a wider range of costs and temptations. These results suggest that a balanced duo of learning and innovation may help to preserve cooperation during the re-organization of real-world networks, and may play a prominent role in the evolution of self-organizing, complex systems.Comment: 14 pages, 3 Figures + a Supplementary Material with 25 pages, 3 Tables, 12 Figures and 116 reference

The importance of learning processes in transitioning small-scale irrigation schemes

Many small-scale irrigation schemes are dysfunctional, and learning, innovation and evaluation are required to facilitate sustainable transitions. Using quantitative and qualitative data from five irrigation schemes in sub-Saharan Africa, we analyze how learning and change arose in response to: soil monitoring tools, which triggered a deep learning cycle; and agricultural innovation platforms, which helped develop a social learning system. Knowledge generation and innovation were driven by the incentives of more profitable farming. Learning and change spread to farmers without the tools, and learning at different levels resulted in extension and governance stakeholders facilitating profound institutional change

Analysis of Learning and Growth, Business Processes, Costs and Service Innovation on Customer Loyalty with Customer Satisfaction as an Intervening Variable

The aims of this study were to 1) analyze the effect of learning & growth, business processes, costs, service innovation on customer satisfaction at RSAB Harapan Kita partially or simultaneously; 2) analyze the effect of customer satisfaction on customer loyalty at RSAB Harapan Kita; and 3) knowing the effect of learning & growth, business processes, costs and service innovation on customer loyalty with customer satisfaction as an intervening variable at RSAB Harapan Kita. This study uses a quantitative approach with multiple linear regression analysis techniques. The population in this study was patients, which included outpatients at RSAB Harapan Kita in 2020. The sampling technique used was a non-probability sampling technique with an accidental sampling approach, so that 97 respondents were obtained. The data collection technique used a closed questionnaire with a measurement scale using a five-point Likert scale. The results of the study can be concluded that overall there is an effect of learning, business processes, costs and innovation (variable X) on loyalty (Y) through customer satisfaction (Z)

An innovation-focused roadmap for a sustainable global photovoltaic industry

The solar photovoltaic (PV) industry has undergone a dramatic evolution over the past decade, growing at an average rate of 48 percent per year to a global market size of 31. GW in 2012, and with the price of crystalline-silicon PV module as low as $0.72/W in September 2013. To examine this evolution we built a comprehensive dataset from 2000 to 2012 for the PV industries in the United States, China, Japan, and Germany, which we used to develop a model to explain the dynamics among innovation, manufacturing, and market. A two-factor learning curve model is constructed to make explicit the effect of innovation from economies of scale. The past explosive growth has resulted in an oversupply problem, which is undermining the effectiveness of "demand-pull" policies that could otherwise spur innovation. To strengthen the industry we find that a policy shift is needed to balance the excitement and focus on market forces with a larger commitment to research and development funding. We use this work to form a set of recommendations and a roadmap that will enable a next wave of innovation and thus sustainable growth of the PV industry into a mainstay of the global energy economy. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd

The Dynamics of Scale, Technological Substitution and Process Mix

At the workshop on "Size and Productive Efficiency -- The Wider Implications" held at IIASA in June 1979 there was a great deal of discussion on the dynamics of scale, with particular focus on scale, technology and the learning curve, scale and innovation and the effect of uncertainty about the future on scale decisions. This paper reports the results of research on using formal models of the decision on process and scale in order to understand the dynamics of change in scale and process mix

Regional innovation culture in an age of globalisation - towards culture 2.0?

How can the issue of regional culture be used in analyses of territorial innovation in ways that are not self-evidently flawed? The persistent invocation of ‘culture’ as an explanatory or residual influence in explaining differential territorial outcomes suggests that there is likely to be some variables which should be accounted for. But at the same time, approaches tend to fail to precisely specify culture in ways that do not take it as being exogenous and fixed. This paper argues that this shortcoming results from trying to apply the concept regional culture to explain regions as a bounded systems, and that by relaxing this constraint, and thinking of culture within open and porous systems, it becomes possible to identify how culture might meaningfully operate around territorial innovation at the regional scale, through learning arenas linking local materialist practices with wider epistemic communities. Using a brief illustration drawn from the region of Twente in the Netherlands, focusing on the role of its university as a learning arena, the paper argues that more focus on how learning arenas create regional-scale networks will help to illuminate the influence of regional culture within territorial innovation models