Architecture and algorithms for the implementation of digital wireless receivers in FPGA and ASIC: ISDB-T and DVB-S2 cases

[EN] The first generation of Terrestrial Digital Television(DTV) has been in service for over a decade. In 2013, several countries have already completed the transition from Analog to Digital TV Broadcasting, most of which in Europe. In South America, after several studies and trials, Brazil adopted the Japanese standard with some innovations. Japan and Brazil started Digital Terrestrial Television Broadcasting (DTTB) services in December 2003 and December 2007 respectively, using Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting - Terrestrial (ISDB-T), also known as ARIB STD-B31. In June 2005 the Committee for the Information Technology Area (CATI) of Brazilian Ministry of Science and Technology and Innovation MCTI approved the incorporation of the IC-Brazil Program, in the National Program for Microelectronics (PNM) . The main goals of IC-Brazil are the formal qualification of IC designers, support to the creation of semiconductors companies focused on projects of ICs within Brazil, and the attraction of semiconductors companies focused on the design and development of ICs in Brazil. The work presented in this thesis originated from the unique momentum created by the combination of the birth of Digital Television in Brazil and the creation of the IC-Brazil Program by the Brazilian government. Without this combination it would not have been possible to make these kind of projects in Brazil. These projects have been a long and costly journey, albeit scientifically and technologically worthy, towards a Brazilian DTV state-of-the-art low complexity Integrated Circuit, with good economy scale perspectives, due to the fact that at the beginning of this project ISDB-T standard was not adopted by several countries like DVB-T. During the development of the ISDB-T receiver proposed in this thesis, it was realized that due to the continental dimensions of Brazil, the DTTB would not be enough to cover the entire country with open DTV signal, specially for the case of remote localizations far from the high urban density regions. Then, Eldorado Research Institute and Idea! Electronic Systems, foresaw that, in a near future, there would be an open distribution system for high definition DTV over satellite, in Brazil. Based on that, it was decided by Eldorado Research Institute, that would be necessary to create a new ASIC for broadcast satellite reception. At that time DVB-S2 standard was the strongest candidate for that, and this assumption still stands nowadays. Therefore, it was decided to apply to a new round of resources funding from the MCTI - that was granted - in order to start the new project. This thesis discusses in details the Architecture and Algorithms proposed for the implementation of a low complexity Intermediate Frequency(IF) ISDB-T Receiver on Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) CMOS. The Architecture proposed here is highly based on the COordinate Rotation Digital Computer (CORDIC) Algorithm, that is a simple and efficient algorithm suitable for VLSI implementations. The receiver copes with the impairments inherent to wireless channels transmission and the receiver crystals. The thesis also discusses the Methodology adopted and presents the implementation results. The receiver performance is presented and compared to those obtained by means of simulations. Furthermore, the thesis also presents the Architecture and Algorithms for a DVB-S2 receiver targeting its ASIC implementation. However, unlike the ISDB-T receiver, only preliminary ASIC implementation results are introduced. This was mainly done in order to have an early estimation of die area to prove that the project in ASIC is economically viable, as well as to verify possible bugs in early stage. As in the case of ISDB-T receiver, this receiver is highly based on CORDIC algorithm and it was prototyped in FPGA. The Methodology used for the second receiver is derived from that used for the ISDB-T receiver, with minor additions given the project characteristics.[ES] La primera generación de Televisión Digital Terrestre(DTV) ha estado en servicio por más de una década. En 2013, varios países completaron la transición de transmisión analógica a televisión digital, la mayoría de ellas en Europa. En América del Sur, después de varios estudios y ensayos, Brasil adoptó el estándar japonés con algunas innovaciones. Japón y Brasil comenzaron a prestar el servicio de Difusión de Televisión Digital Terrestre (DTTB) en diciembre de 2003 y diciembre de 2007 respectivamente, utilizando Radiodifusión Digital de Servicios Integrados Terrestres (ISDB-T), también conocida como ARIB STD-B31. En junio de 2005, el Comité del Área de Tecnología de la Información (CATI) del Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación de Brasil - MCTI aprobó la incorporación del Programa CI-Brasil, en el Programa Nacional de Microelectrónica (PNM). Los principales objetivos de la CI-Brasil son la formación de diseñadores de CIs, apoyar la creación de empresas de semiconductores enfocadas en proyectos de circuitos integrados dentro de Brasil, y la atracción de empresas de semiconductores interesadas en el diseño y desarrollo de circuitos integrados. El trabajo presentado en esta tesis se originó en el impulso único creado por la combinación del nacimiento de la televisión digital en Brasil y la creación del Programa de CI-Brasil por el gobierno brasileño. Sin esta combinación no hubiera sido posible realizar este tipo de proyectos en Brasil. Estos proyectos han sido un trayecto largo y costoso, aunque meritorio desde el punto de vista científico y tecnológico, hacia un Circuito Integrado brasileño de punta y de baja complejidad para DTV, con buenas perspectivas de economía de escala debido al hecho que al inicio de este proyecto, el estándar ISDB-T no fue adoptado por varios países como DVB-T. Durante el desarrollo del receptor ISDB-T propuesto en esta tesis, se observó que debido a las dimensiones continentales de Brasil, la DTTB no sería suficiente para cubrir todo el país con la señal de televisión digital abierta, especialmente para el caso de localizaciones remotas, apartadas de las regiones de alta densidad urbana. En ese momento, el Instituto de Investigación Eldorado e Idea! Sistemas Electrónicos, previeron que en un futuro cercano habría un sistema de distribución abierto para DTV de alta definición por satélite en Brasil. Con base en eso, el Instituto de Investigación Eldorado decidió que sería necesario crear un nuevo ASIC para la recepción de radiodifusión por satélite, basada el estándar DVB-S2. En esta tesis se analiza en detalle la Arquitectura y algoritmos propuestos para la implementación de un receptor ISDB-T de baja complejidad y frecuencia intermedia (IF) en un Circuito Integrado de Aplicación Específica (ASIC) CMOS. La arquitectura aquí propuesta se basa fuertemente en el algoritmo Computadora Digital para Rotación de Coordenadas (CORDIC), el cual es un algoritmo simple, eficiente y adecuado para implementaciones VLSI. El receptor hace frente a las deficiencias inherentes a las transmisiones por canales inalámbricos y los cristales del receptor. La tesis también analiza la metodología adoptada y presenta los resultados de la implementación. Por otro lado, la tesis también presenta la arquitectura y los algoritmos para un receptor DVB-S2 dirigido a la implementación en ASIC. Sin embargo, a diferencia del receptor ISDB-T, se introducen sólo los resultados preliminares de implementación en ASIC. Esto se hizo principalmente con el fin de tener una estimación temprana del área del die para demostrar que el proyecto en ASIC es económicamente viable, así como para verificar posibles errores en etapa temprana. Como en el caso de receptor ISDB-T, este receptor se basa fuertemente en el algoritmo CORDIC y fue un prototipado en FPGA. La metodología utilizada para el segundo receptor se deriva de la utilizada para el re[CA] La primera generació de Televisió Digital Terrestre (TDT) ha estat en servici durant més d'una dècada. En 2013, diversos països ja van completar la transició de la radiodifusió de televisió analògica a la digital, i la majoria van ser a Europa. A Amèrica del Sud, després de diversos estudis i assajos, Brasil va adoptar l'estàndard japonés amb algunes innovacions. Japó i Brasil van començar els servicis de Radiodifusió de Televisió Terrestre Digital (DTTB) al desembre de 2003 i al desembre de 2007, respectivament, utilitzant la Radiodifusió Digital amb Servicis Integrats de (ISDB-T), coneguda com a ARIB STD-B31. Al juny de 2005, el Comité de l'Àrea de Tecnologia de la Informació (CATI) del Ministeri de Ciència i Tecnologia i Innovació del Brasil (MCTI) va aprovar la incorporació del programa CI Brasil al Programa Nacional de Microelectrònica (PNM). Els principals objectius de CI Brasil són la qualificació formal dels dissenyadors de circuits integrats, el suport a la creació d'empreses de semiconductors centrades en projectes de circuits integrats dins del Brasil i l'atracció d'empreses de semiconductors centrades en el disseny i desenvolupament de circuits integrats. El treball presentat en esta tesi es va originar en l'impuls únic creat per la combinació del naixement de la televisió digital al Brasil i la creació del programa Brasil CI pel govern brasiler. Sense esta combinació no hauria estat possible realitzar este tipus de projectes a Brasil. Estos projectes han suposat un viatge llarg i costós, tot i que digne científicament i tecnològica, cap a un circuit integrat punter de baixa complexitat per a la TDT brasilera, amb bones perspectives d'economia d'escala perquè a l'inici d'este projecte l'estàndard ISDB-T no va ser adoptat per diversos països, com el DVB-T. Durant el desenvolupament del receptor de ISDB-T proposat en esta tesi, va resultar que, a causa de les dimensions continentals de Brasil, la DTTB no seria suficient per cobrir tot el país amb el senyal de TDT oberta, especialment pel que fa a les localitzacions remotes allunyades de les regions d'alta densitat urbana.. En este moment, l'Institut de Recerca Eldorado i Idea! Sistemes Electrònics van preveure que, en un futur pròxim, no hi hauria a Brasil un sistema de distribució oberta de TDT d'alta definició a través de satèl¿lit. D'acord amb això, l'Institut de Recerca Eldorado va decidir que seria necessari crear un nou ASIC per a la recepció de radiodifusió per satèl¿lit. basat en l'estàndard DVB-S2. En esta tesi s'analitza en detall l'arquitectura i els algorismes proposats per l'execució d'un receptor ISDB-T de Freqüència Intermèdia (FI) de baixa complexitat sobre CMOS de Circuit Integrat d'Aplicacions Específiques (ASIC). L'arquitectura ací proposada es basa molt en l'algorisme de l'Ordinador Digital de Rotació de Coordenades (CORDIC), que és un algorisme simple i eficient adequat per implementacions VLSI. El receptor fa front a les deficiències inherents a la transmissió de canals sense fil i els cristalls del receptor. Esta tesi també analitza la metodologia adoptada i presenta els resultats de l'execució. Es presenta el rendiment del receptor i es compara amb els obtinguts per mitjà de simulacions. D'altra banda, esta tesi també presenta l'arquitectura i els algorismes d'un receptor de DVB-S2 de cara a la seua implementació en ASIC. No obstant això, a diferència del receptor ISDB-T, només s'introdueixen resultats preliminars d'implementació en ASIC. Això es va fer principalment amb la finalitat de tenir una estimació primerenca de la zona de dau per demostrar que el projecte en ASIC és econòmicament viable, així com per verificar possibles errors en l'etapa primerenca. Com en el cas del receptor ISDB-T, este receptor es basa molt en l'algorisme CORDIC i va ser un prototip de FPGA. La metodologia utilitzada per al segon receptor es deriva de la utilitzada per al receptor IRodrigues De Lima, E. (2016). Architecture and algorithms for the implementation of digital wireless receivers in FPGA and ASIC: ISDB-T and DVB-S2 cases [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/61967TESI

Development of a Cholera Toxin CTA\u3csub\u3e2\u3c/sub\u3e/B Based \u3cem\u3eStaphylococcus aureus\u3c/em\u3e Vaccine to Prevent Bovine Mastitis

Staphylococcus aureus is an important pathogen causing chronic and invasive disease worldwide. This bacterium is a leading cause of community and hospital acquired infections in humans, and is also known to infect wild and domestic animals. Bovine mastitis, or inflammation of the udder, is one of the most economically relevant diseases of the dairy industry, with a high incidence worldwide. S. aureus is a major etiological agent causing this disease. S. aureus mastitis is highly contagious and difficult or impossible to treat. Management practices at dairy farms, that include good sanitation and antibiotic use, have been partially successful in reducing the occurrence of this disease, however, a complete prevention or elimination is still to be achieved. Despite efforts over more than two decades, an effective vaccine for S. aureus mastitis, that can protect against heterologous strains of this bacterium, is not yet available. These efforts however, have improved our understanding of the pathogenicity, virulence factor expression and immune responses to this bacterium. Studies have indicated that there is significant intraspecies variability, and an effective vaccine against S. aureus will require the incorporation of multiple conserved and relevant antigens. Additionally, the route of vaccine administration and use of adjuvants to aid in antigen delivery and enhancement of immune responses will also be critical. S. aureus contains a broad array of virulence factors required for colonization and disease, including: adhesins, toxins, a polysaccharide capsule, enzymes and immune evasion molecules, that are required for adhesion, invasion and colonization. Some virulence factors are highly conserved and centrally important for bacterial survival and sustenance, making them good vaccine targets. The iron-regulated surface determinant A (IsdA) and clumping factor A (ClfA) are two such conserved S. aureus extracellular-matrix adhesins that are promising vaccine antigens. However, an effective S. aureus vaccine for the prevention or reduction of mastitis will need to induce mucosal and systemic, as well as cellular and humoral, immune responses to these antigens. Bacterial enterotoxins are well characterized vaccine adjuvants that act by enhancing the mucosal delivery of antigens and promoting both systemic and mucosal humoral responses. Cholera toxin (CT), from Vibrio cholerae is a gold-standard vaccine adjuvant that can promote both humoral and cellular immune responses to co-administered antigens when delivered to mucosal surfaces. The work presented here is based upon the overarching hypothesis that a mucosal, enterotoxin-based vaccine containing multiple relevant antigens will protect cows against S. aureus mastitis. To construct this vaccine, three immediate aims were developed. First, to ensure the incorporation of relevant antigens, the variability, genetic conservation and immunogenicity of the IsdA protein during bovine infection was determined. Second, a cholera toxin adjuvant based vaccine containing IsdA and a second antigen, ClfA (IsdA-CTA2/B +ClfA-CTA2/B) was used to vaccinate cows to determine immunogenicity. Lastly, a new immunoproteomics approach was used to identify immunogenic antigens for future incorporation into a multivalent vaccine. The results from these studies, as presented in chapters 2-4, indicate that: 1) the IsdA adhesin is expressed and conserved in bovine strains of S. aureus, 2) IsdA-CTA2/B + ClfA-CTA2/B can stimulate significant immune responses in vaccinated animals after intranasal administration and 3) immunoproteomics using milk antibodies can be used to identify new potential S. aureus vaccine antigens. The studies presented here will contribute to the advancement and understanding of staphylococcal vaccines in general, and specifically to those that will prevent bovine mastitis

Theoretical and experimental contributions for modeling wireless channels

Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (graduação)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Tecnologia, Departamento de Engenharia Elétrica, 2017.Este trabalho de conclusão de curso visa agregar contribuições teóricas e experimentais para a modelagem de redes sem fio à partir de quatro projetos realizados durante um estágio supervisionado entre a Universidade de Brasília e a escola francesa de engenharia ENSEIRB-MATMECA durante o ano de 2017. Todos os projetos desse trabalho giram em torno do tema "desafios atuais nas comunicações sem fio" e tem como objetivo a apresentação de tais desafios através de uma breve introdução teórica seguida da realização de simulações, análises estatísticas ou medições em campo. O primeiro projeto propõem um estudo teórico e a validação experimental da distribuição de desvanecimento α-μ/Γ generalizada, usada nesse trabalho para caracterizar ambientes realistas que experimentam desvanecimento composto. Ainda no escopo de análises estatísticas, o segundo projeto propõe uma caracterização da qualidade do sinal celular à partir de dados de potência medidos usando um aplicativo Android de analise de qualidade de redes móveis. As análises estatísticas realizadas poderão auxiliar operadoras de telefonia móvel à parametrizar suas redes e contribuir para o melhoramento da cobertura celular no pais. Em seguida, o terceiro projeto desenvolvido nesse trabalho de conclusão de curso propõe estudos práticos e teóricos de interferência entre os sistema LTE 700MHz e TV digital em Brasília na região da Asa Norte, um tema recente de grande importância dada a desconexão da TV analógica no Brasil até 2018. Por fim, o quarto projeto, realizado em parceria com a Agência Nacional de Telecomunicações (ANATEL) propõe contribuições para o desenvolvimento de um simulador de rede IMT para uso em estudos de compartilhamento e compatibilidade proposto para ajudar na identificação de novas faixas de frequência para o IMT-2020. Os projetos propostos nesse trabalho focam na caracterização e modelagem de canais sem fio à partir do levantamento de estatísticas de primeira ordem, na análise de qualidade das redes celulares no país com base nas informações sobre a cobertura celular experimentada pelos usuários de telefonia móvel e na análise da interferência entre sistemas à partir de estudos entre o LTE e a TV digital e da busca de novas possíveis frequências para o 5G. A realização do estágio supervisionado e desse trabalho de conclusão de curso é um requerimento oficial para a obtenção do título de "Engenheiro diplomado do Instituto politécnico de Bordeaux, especialidade Engenharia eletrônica" pela ENSEIRB-MATMECA e para a obtenção do titulo de "Engenheiro de redes de comunicação" pela Universidade de Brasília.This final course assignment aims to add theoretical and experimental contributions to the modeling of wireless networks from four different projects carried out over an supervised internship held between the University of Brasília and the french school of engineering ENSEIRB-MATMECA during the year of 2017. All projects revolve around the central theme "current challenges in wireless communications" and aims to present such challenges through a brief theoretical introduction followed by simulations, statistical analyzes or field measurements. The first project proposes a theoretical study and the experimental investigation of the α-μ/Γ generalized fading distribution, used in this work to characterize realistic environments that experience composite fading. A second project, also based on statistical analysis, proposes a characterization of the mobile phone signal quality from power data measured using an Android application of mobile network quality analysis. Statistical analyzes can help mobile operators to parameterize their network and contribute to the improvement of cellular coverage in the country. Next, the third project developed in the internship proposes practical and theoretical studies of interference between the LTE 700MHz system and digital TV in Brasília in the region of Asa Norte, a recent topic of great importance given the analogue TV disconnection in Brazil until 2018. Finally, the fourth project, carried out in partnership with the National Telecommunications Agency (ANATEL), proposes contributions for the development of an IMT network simulator for use in sharing and compatibility studies to help in the identification of new frequency bands for the IMT-2020. The projects proposed in this work focus on the characterization and modeling of wireless channels from first order statistics, on the analysis of the quality of cellular networks in the country based on the information collected from the App about the network coverage experienced by final users and on the analysis of interference between systems based on studies between LTE and digital TV and on the search for new possible frequencies for 5G. The realization of the supervised internship was an official requirement to obtain the title of "Licensed Engineer of the Polytechnic Institute of Bordeaux, specialized in Electronic Engineering" by ENSEIRB-MATMECA and to obtain the title of "Network Communications Engineer" by the University of Brasília

Characterization and identification of novel biofilm forming antigens of Staphylococcus aureus of human origin

Treatment and prevention of Staphylococcus aureus-associated infections remains a major challenge owing to its versatility to develop persistent antibiotic resistance and produce a wide range of virulence factors including biofilm formation. Other than identifying the most significant virulence factors potentially contributing to biofilm formation, a novel biofilm-associated antigen was identified and characterized in vitro and in vivo. Potential strategies for enhancing efficacy of antibiotics against S. aureus-associated infections were also evaluated provoking recommendations

Examining Pathogenesis and Preventatives in Spontaneous and Staphylococcus-Induced Bacterial Chondronecrosis with Osteomyelitis in Broilers

Bacterial chondronecrosis with osteomyelitis is the most important cause of lameness in broilers. This is important to poultry production, as it poses animal welfare issues, and causes a significant loss in revenue. The remediation of this disease requires the study of its etiology with fitting models and evaluating preventatives. The research reported herein covers genomic virulence analysis of BCO isolates, mainly Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli retrieved from lame birds. We found that S. aureus isolates were closest to chicken strains in Europe but may have been in the Arkansas area for a decade. Phylogenomics suggest our S. aureus is restricted to poultry, while the E. coli spans various hosts. This dissertation includes the analyses of mainly BCO isolates to determine virulence using the embryo lethality assay. Human S. aureus was the most lethal to layer and broiler embryos. Staphylococcus agnetis 908 that may induce lameness to \u3e50% did not show virulence. This inconsistency among others compelled us to offer that embryo lethality assay may not be an effective tool for estimating the pathogenicity of BCO isolates. Furthermore, research reported herein covers the investigation of the feed additive Availa-ZMC for lameness reduction potential in broilers using litter and wire-flooring models for inducing lameness. Availa-ZMC (a mixture of organic trace minerals) resulted in a reduction of lameness by 20% in the wire-flooring model, and 25% in the challenge on litter flooring model. Finally, this dissertation reports on a Typhoid-Mary experiment in broilers raised on the wire flooring to determine whether broilers challenged with S. agnetis can transmit the bacterium to birds in the same pen thereby spreading BCO and lameness. The Typhoid Mary experiment shows that young broilers exposed to S. agnetis at an early age harbor the bacterium and if mixed with unexposed birds 10 days later can transmit the bacterium to their pen mates

Combined Time, Frecuency and Space Diversity in Multimedia Mobile Broadcasting Systems

El uso combinado de diversidad en el dominio temporal, frecuencial y espacial constituye una valiosa herramienta para mejorar la recepción de servicios de difusión móviles. Gracias a la mejora conseguida por las técnicas de diversidad es posible extender la cobertura de los servicios móviles además de reducir la infraestructura de red. La presente tesis investiga el uso de técnicas de diversidad para la provisión de servicios móviles en la familia europea de sistemas de difusión terrestres estandarizada por el prpoyecto DVB (Digital Video Broadcasting). Esto incluye la primera y segunda generación de sistemas DVB-T (Terrestrial), DVB-NGH (Handheld), y DVB-T2 (Terrestrial 2nd generation), así como el sistema de siguiente generación DVB-NGH. No obstante, el estudio llevado a cabo en la tesis es genérico y puede aplicarse a futuras evoluciones de estándares como el japonés ISDB-T o el americano ATSC. Las investigaciones realizadas dentro del contexto de DVB-T, DVB-H y DVBT2 tienen como objetivo la transmisión simultánea de servicios fijos y móviles en redes terrestres. Esta Convergencia puede facilitar la introducción de servicios móviles de TB debido a la reutilización de espectro, contenido e infraestructura. De acuerdo a los resultados, la incorporación de entrelazado temporal en la capa física para diversidad temporal, y de single-input multiple-output (SIMO) para diversidad espacial, son esenciales para el rendimiento de sistemas móviles de difusión. A pesar de que las técnicas upper later FEC (UL-FEC) pueden propocionar diversidad temporal en sistemas de primera generación como DVB-T y DVB-H, requieren la transmisión de paridad adicional y no son útiles para la recepción estática. El análisis en t�ñerminos de link budjget revela que las técnicas de diversidad noson suficientes para facilitar la provision de servicios móviles en redes DVB-T y DVB-T2 planificadas para recepción fija. Sin embargo, el uso de diversidad en redes planificadas para recepción portableGozálvez Serrano, D. (2012). Combined Time, Frecuency and Space Diversity in Multimedia Mobile Broadcasting Systems [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/16273Palanci

Improving Assessment and Evaluation Strategies on Online Learning

ICLI is an annual International Conference on Learning Innovation (ICLI) hosted byUniversitas Negeri Malang, Indonesia in collaboration with the Islamic Development Bank (IsDB) and Indonesian Consortium for Learning Innovation Research (ICLIR) as well as Univerisiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Perlis, Malaysia serving as co-organizer this year. The conference aims to gather researchers, practitioners, students, experts, consultants, teachers and lecturers to share their insights and experiences on research not only in constructing innovations in learning but also the knowledge of learner’s capability. The learners who are characterized as creative and competent by having the ability to understand what they have learned and capable of taking initiative and thinking critically. In addition, ICLI is organized on the basis of the trend in the 21st century, categorized by the increasing complexity of technology and the emergence of a corporate restructuring movement. This book is the proceeding of ICLI 2021, containing a selection of articles presented at this conference as the output of the activity. Various topics around education are covered in this book and some literature studies around specific topics on learning and education are covered as well. This proceeding book will be beneficial to students, scholars, and practitioners who have a deep concern in education. It is also futuristic with a lot of practical insights for students, faculty, and practitioners, and also a description of the Indonesian educational system in today’s era

Patients centred pharmacovigilance

In recent years, periodically high peaks of attention and publications have documented severe adverse reactions to new molecules, which have raised many questions about the efficacy- efficiency of traditional methodological tools of phannacovigilance, as well as about the role of regulatory systems. Drugs cannot be considered as an independent variable: the evaluation of all of their effects must take into account the real context in which they are used, and in which they are expected have a role, not only in terms of efficacy, but also of tolerability and safety. Specific emphasis is given to recent and promising developments, which are focused on the participation of patient populations as key actors in producing knowledge that can also technically integrate what has been produced so far, and can allow the evolution of surveillance from a role of control to one of the promotion of rights. The replacement of phannacovigilance in an epidemiological context is the main aim of this project. This is applied across the development of various projects realised in different scenarios (e.g. hospital, community) using different methodologies (e.g. administrative database linkage, prospective studies, qualitative projects), and through the direct involvement of all of the actors involved in the process of care (e.g. clinicians, general practitioners, patients). In particular, despite the many recommendations, patient participation can be considered as an exception in the health care setting: for this reason the project was developed with the intention to give voice to patients. Promotion of the use of a more narrative style between health professionals and citizen-patients in phannacovigilance should be considered the most important outcome of a renewed phannacovigilance

Cooperating broadcast and cellular conditional access system for digital television

This thesis was submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy and awarded by Brunel University.The lack of interoperability between Pay‐TV service providers and a horizontally integrated business transaction model have compromised the competition in the Pay‐TV market. In addition, the lack of interactivity with customers has resulted in high churn rate and improper security measures have contributed into considerable business loss. These issues are the main cause of high operational costs and subscription fees in the Pay‐TV systems. This paper presents a novel end‐to‐end system architecture for Pay‐TV systems cooperating mobile and broadcasting technologies. It provides a cost‐effective, scalable, dynamic and secure access control mechanism supporting converged services and new business opportunities in Pay‐TV systems. It enhances interactivity, security and potentially reduces customer attrition and operational cost. In this platform, service providers can effectively interact with their customers, personalise their services and adopt appropriate security measures. It breaks up the rigid relationship between a viewer and set‐top box as imposed by traditional conditional access systems, thus, a viewer can fully enjoy his entitlements via an arbitrary set‐top box. Having thoroughly considered state‐of‐the‐art technologies currently being used across the world, the thesis highlights novel use cases and presents the full design and implementation aspects of the system. The design section is enriched by providing possible security structures supported thereby. A business collaboration structure is proposed, followed by a reference model for implementing the system. Finally, the security architectures are analysed to propose the best architecture on the basis of security, complexity and set‐top box production cost criteria

コスト効率のよい農業用土壌モニタリングネットワークのシステム設計

学位の種別: 課程博士審査委員会委員 : （主査）東京大学教授 瀬崎 薫, 東京大学准教授 川原 圭博, 国立情報学研究所教授 安達 淳, 東京大学准教授 落合 秀也, 東京大学教授 溝口 勝University of Tokyo(東京大学