22,252 research outputs found
Distance, magnetic field and kinematics of a filamentary cloud LDN 1157
LDN 1157, is one of the several clouds situated in the cloud complex, LDN
1147/1158, represents a coma-shaped morphology with a well-collimated bipolar
outflow emanating from a Class 0 protostar, LDN 1157-mm. The main goals of this
work are (a) to map the inter-cloud magnetic field (ICMF) geometry of the
region surrounding LDN 1157 to investigate its relationship with the cloud
morphology, with the outflow direction and with the core magnetic field (CMF)
geometry inferred from the mm- and sub-mm polarization results from the
literature, and (b) to investigate the kinematic structure of the cloud. We
carried out R-band polarization observations of the stars projected on the
cloud to map the pc-scale magnetic field geometry and made spectroscopic
observations of the entire cloud in 12CO, C18O and N2H+ (J=1-0) lines to
investigate its kinematic structure. We obtained a distance of 3403 pc to
the LDN 1147/1158, complex based on the Gaia DR2 parallaxes and proper motion
values of the three YSOs associated with the complex. A single filament of
pc in length and pc in width is found to run all along the
coma-shaped cloud. Based on the relationships between the ICMF, CMF, filament
orientations, outflow direction, and the presence of an hour-glass morphology
of the magnetic field, it is likely that the magnetic field had played an
important role in the star formation process in LDN 1157. Combining the proper
motions of the YSOs and the radial velocity of LDN 1147/1158 and another
complex LDN 1172/1174 which is situated \dgr~east of it, we found that
both the complexes are moving collectively toward the Galactic plane. The
filamentary morphology of the east-west segment of LDN 1157 may have formed as
a result of mass lost by ablation due to the interaction of the moving cloud
with the ambient interstellar medium.Comment: 20 pages, Accepted in Astronomy & Astrophysics, Abstract has been
shortened due to word limit in arxi
A sudden and unprecedented increase in low dose naltrexone (LDN) prescribing in Norway. Patient and prescriber characteristics, and dispense patterns. A drug utilization cohort study
Published version. Source at http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pds.4110 Purpose: Following a TV documentary in 2013, there was a tremendous increase in low dose naltrexone (LDN) use in a wide range of
unapproved indications in Norway. We aim to describe the extent of this sudden and unprecedented increase in LDN prescribing, to characterize
patients and LDN prescribers, and to estimate LDN dose sizes.
Methods: LDN prescriptions recorded in the Norwegian Prescription Database (NorPD) in 2013 and 2014, and sales data not recorded in
NorPD from the only Norwegian LDN manufacturer were included in the study.
Results: According to NorPD, 15 297 patients (0.3% of population) collected at least one LDN prescription. The actual number of users
was higher as at least 23% of total sales were not recorded in NorPD. After an initial wave, there was a steady stream of new and persistent
users throughout the study period. Median patient age was 52 years, and 74% of patients were female. Median daily dose was 3.7 mg.
Twenty percent of all doctors and 71% of general medicine practitioners registered in Norway in 2014 prescribed LDN at least once.
Conclusions The TV documentary on LDN in Norway was followed by a large increase in LDN prescribing, and the proportion of LDN
users went from an insignificant number to 0.3% of the population. There was a high willingness to use and prescribe off label despite limited
evidence. Observed median LDN dose, and age and gender distribution were as expected in typical LDN using patients
Delivering an enabling environment and multiple benefits for land degradation neutrality:Stakeholder perceptions and progress
Achieving land degradation neutrality (LDN) was adopted by countries in 2015 as one of the targets of the global Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). As LDN is a relatively new concept there is an increasing need for evidence on the potential socio-economic and environmental benefits of LDN as well as how an enabling environment for implementing LDN measures can be developed. This paper summarises the results from a global survey of LDN stakeholders, and a review of national progress in target setting that was commissioned by the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) in 2018. The study presents the perceptions of relevant stakeholders on the key components of an enabling environment for achieving and maintaining LDN (institutional, financial, policy/regulatory, and science-policy) as well as expectations of multiple benefits from its implementation. We also highlight key challenges and gaps in progress to date that are emerging from ongoing national target setting programs to implement LDN. The study finds that progress in implementing LDN has been widespread across countries. However there remains a lack of awareness of LDN and its key concepts along with high-level political buy-in. This may be impeding the integration of LDN into national development planning and budgeting processes where progress was assessed as limited. National capacities for securing land tenure and governance arrangements and integrated land use planning were perceived as comparatively low, further hampering the implementation of LDN. Despite these gaps, most stakeholders (>90 %) who participated in the global survey expected LDN to deliver a broad range of multiple benefits for human wellbeing, livelihoods and the natural environment. We argue that greater efforts are needed to raise awareness of LDN, educate core stakeholders in its concepts, enablers and benefits, raise its political profile, and provide evidence on national measures that will support implementation of LDN
- …