What about lay counselors' experiences of task-shifting mental health interventions? Example from a family-based intervention in Kenya.

Background:A key focus of health systems strengthening in low- and middle-income countries is increasing reach and access through task-shifting. As such models become more common, it is critical to understand the experiences of lay providers because they are on the forefront for delivering care services. A greater understanding would improve lay provider support and help them provide high-quality care. This is especially the case for those providing mental health services, as providing psychological care may pose unique stressors. We sought to understand experiences of lay counselors, focusing on identity, motivation, self-efficacy, stress, and burnout. The goal was to understand how taking on a new provider role influences their lives beyond simply assuming a new task, which would in turn help identify actionable steps to improve interventions with task-shifting components. Methods:Semi-structured interviews (n = 20) and focus group discussions (n = 3) were conducted with three lay counselor groups with varying levels of experience delivering a community-based family therapy intervention in Eldoret, Kenya. Thematic analysis was conducted, including intercoder reliability checks. A Stress Map was created to visualize stress profiles using free-listing and pile-sorting data collected during interviews and focus group discussions. Results:Counselors described high intrinsic motivation to become counselors and high self-efficacy after training. They reported positive experiences in the counselor role, with new skills improving their counseling and personal lives. As challenges arose, including client engagement difficulties and balancing many responsibilities, stress and burnout increased, dampening motivation and self-efficacy. In response, counselors described coping strategies, including seeking peer and supervisor support, that restored their motivation to persevere. At case completion, they again experienced high self-efficacy and a desire to continue. Conclusions:Findings informed suggestions for ways to incorporate support for lay providers into task-shifting interventions at initiation, during training, and throughout implementation. These include acknowledging and preparing counselors for challenges during training, increasing explicit attention to counselor stress in supervision, fostering peer support among lay providers, and ensuring a fair balance between workload and compensation. Improving and building an evidence base around practices for supporting lay providers will improve the effectiveness and sustainability of lay provider-delivered interventions

Mediating Role of Knowledge Management Behavior

학위논문(석사)--서울대학교 대학원 :경영대학 경영학과,2019. 8. 최진남.동기 성향 이론(motive disposition theory, MDT)과 자기 일치 모형(self-concordance model)에 기반하여, 본 연구는 개인의 심리적 욕구 (성취 지향성, 관계 지향성, 영향력 지향성)가 개인의 혁신적, 개량적 창의성을 촉진하는 요인임을 밝혀낸다. 나아가, 사회적 교환 이론(social exchange theory, SET) 및 상호 호혜의 규범(norm of reciprocity)에 따라서, 지식 공유 행위와 지식을 전달받는 행위를 포함하는 종업원 지식 관리 행동(knowledge management behaviors, KMBs)이, 서로 다른 개인의 심리적 욕구의 차원과 두가지 형태의 창의성 간의 관계를 매개하고 있는지 확인하였다. 마지막으로, 특성 활성화 이론(trait activation theory, TAT)의 이론적 관점을 활용하여, 팀 내 지식의 가치 중요성(value importance of knowledge)이 개인의 심리적 욕구-지식 관리 행동 간의 관계를 조절하는지도 연구하였다. 본 연구에서 제시한 이론적 모델과 가설은 한국의 리더 75명과 그들이 관리하는 209명의 구성원들로부터 수집한 데이터를 통해 실증되었다. 분석 결과, 세가지 심리적 욕구 가운데, 성취 지향성이 혁신적 창의성과 개량적 창의성 모두를 높이는 유의한 예측변수임이 확인되었다. 관계 지향성은 개량적 창의성에 양적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 지식 공유 행위는 세가지 심리적 욕구 모두에 의해 예측되는 반면, 지식을 전달받는 행위는 성취 지향성과 관계 지향성으로 예측되는 것을 알 수 있었다. 또한, 분석 결과는, 팀 내 지식의 가치 중요성과 심리적 욕구의 상호작용이 개인의 지식 공유 행위 및 지식을 전달받는 행위를 촉진시킨다는 것을 보여주었다. 마지막으로, 지식 공유 행위와 지식을 전달받는 행위는 두 종류의 창의성 모두에 양적으로 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.Drawing on motive disposition theory and self-concordance model, this study identifies individual psychological needs (need for achievement, need for affiliation, and need for power) as distinct facilitators of individual radical and incremental creativity. The mediating role of employees knowledge management behaviors (KMBs), specifically knowledge sharing and knowledge receiving, in the relationship between different dimensions of individual psychological needs and the two distinct forms of creativity is also examined with social exchange theory and norm of reciprocity as basis. In addition, this study adopts the theoretical view of trait activation theory to investigate value importance of knowledge as a moderating contingency in the relationship between individual psychological needs and KMBs. The proposed theoretical model and hypotheses were empirically tested on the basis of data collected from 75 leaders and their immediate 209 members in Korea. Results revealed that, among the three psychological needs, need for achievement is a significant positive predictor of incremental and radical creativity. Need for affiliation is positively related only to incremental creativity. Knowledge sharing is positively predicted by all three types of psychological needs, whereas knowledge receiving is predicted only by the need for achievement and need for affiliation. The interaction effects of value importance of knowledge and psychological needs triggers individuals engagement in knowledge sharing and knowledge receiving. Finally, knowledge sharing and knowledge receiving are positive significant predictors of the two types of creativity.I. INTRODUCTION 1 II. THEORETICAL BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESES 6 1. Incremental and Radical Creativity 7 2. Individual Psychological Needs and Incremental versus Radical Creativity 11 2.1. Need for Achievement and Incremental versus Radical Creativity 13 2.2. Need for Affiliation and Incremental versus Radical Creativity 15 2.3. Need for Power and Incremental versus Radical Creativity 16 3. Individual Psychological Needs and Knowledge Management Behavior 18 3.1. Need for Achievement and Knowledge Sharing and Knowledge Receiving 21 3.2. Need for Affiliation and Knowledge Sharing and Knowledge Receiving 22 3.3. Need for Power and Knowledge Sharing and Knowledge Receiving 24 4. Mediating Role of Knowledge Management Behavior 26 5. Value Importance of Knowledge as a Moderating Contingency 30 III. METHOD 33 1. Sample and Data Collection 33 2. Measures 34 IV. RESULTS 38 1. Descriptive Statistics 38 2. Hypothesis Testing 41 V. DISCUSSION 55 1. Contributions 55 2. Study Limitations and Future Research Directions 58 REFERENCES 60 ABSTRACT IN KOREAN 79Maste

Essays on Individuals’ Information Assessment, Information Disclosure, Participation, and Response Behaviors in Online Health Communities

The emergence of online health communities (OHCs) has enabled the use of information technologies to address some social and health needs including but not limited to emotional, social, and health-related issues. This information age has encouraged user generated (UG) content, which facilitates both peer-to-peer and business-to-peer interconnections. This rich and active information epoch (i.e., OHCs) is distinct in that value is generated when peers or participants—who may be content generators and/or content consumers—interact together by exchanging information and receiving supports aimed at addressing their specific needs; and this is made possible through the online platforms or support groups acting as the intermediary among users. In this dissertation, I explore the dynamics that take place in OHCs by answering varied sets of questions and addressing and stretching different scholarly discourses including individuals’ information assessment, information disclosure, participation, and response behaviors in OHCs from a variety of theoretical perspectives including disclosure decision-making model and social presence theory, using diverse methodologies such as text analytics, two-stage least squares regression technique, decision trees analysis, and vector autoregression models in the OHC context. The overarching research question is: How does assessment of information and receiver influence patients’ disclosure ability and what user information disclosure mechanisms elicit effective support behaviors in online health communities? Patients with different disease types visit OHCs to get support and this support is made possible because patients participate by interacting with peers and providing responses to each other’s discussion. Support behaviors, especially in the OHC context, is a concept that covers facets such as, provision of response; interactivity or participation in discussions; relationship management; and offering helpful, appropriate, and relevant feedback responses to meet specific information, social, or emotional needs (Huang et al., 2019; Nambisan et al., 2016; Chen et al., 2019). By exploring the research question and with the unique features that these OHC platforms exhibit—the sharing of information, participation, and receiving of supports—these essays make the following contributions. Theoretically, the findings reveal that a patient’s disease type, the sensitivity of information being disclosed, and patient’s expectation of a response show unique effects on disclosure efficacy. These factors constitute mechanisms by which patients in OHCs are motivated to disclose health information in granular forms that elicit effective community responses and feedback. This information exchange mechanisms thereby, facilitate active community participation through giving or receiving of support, and thus, fostering a dynamic interplay between individuals’ disclosure and response behaviors in the online context. Practically, online health community managers can design their platforms to provide automated and customizable tools that improve patients’ information density and information breadth skills for effective response generation; and from the results, platform management can better understand users that are motivated to participate through giving, thereby encouraging those that are weak in receiving. Also, platform managers can improve the skills of those who are weak in giving for users that are motivated to participate through receiving. Essay 1: Promoting Participants’ Information Disclosure and Response Behaviors in Online Health Communities: Disclosure Decision-Making Model Perspective In this first essay, I extend the literature on information disclosure and the disclosure decision-making model (DD-MM) by examining the factors that influence information disclosure (disclosure efficacy) and the effects of disclosure efficacy on the response users receive (response efficacy) at the granular level. Until now, both concepts—disclosure efficacy and response efficacy have been conceptualized as single constructs. This current study breaks new grounds and broaden the DD-MM model by postulating that the subconstructs have different antecedents and consequences. By examining the relationships between the subconstructs of information assessment, disclosure efficacy, and response efficacy using the two-stage least squares regression method, the results reveal some insightful dynamics, otherwise not possible with unidimensional constructs. Essay 2: Investigation of non-linear effects of first impression cues on participation in online health communities: A decision tree induction theory development approach One notable phenomenon that prior literature has extensively explored in OHC platforms is user participation, which is a necessary condition for platform sustainment and value generation. Extant research has studied user participation as a form of giving, that is, how much users participate in online platforms by generating content (e.g., posting messages, replying to messages, or posting pictures).However, participation in OHC platforms can also take the form of receiving (the consumption for content that has been generated – e.g., reading other’s posts, gaining knowledge and support), and this has witnessed little attention in prior research. This third study argues that the giving and receiving participation is a reaction to user initial participation. In this second essay, based on social presence theory (SPT), I use decision tree analysis to interrogate the effect of first impression in the initial posts on users’ giving and receiving participation. The findings provide meaningful insights for advancing research and for assisting platform managers on what to focus on to encourage users’ giving or receiving participation on their platforms. Essay 3: User Two-way Communication Efficacy Behaviors in Online Health Communities: A Longitudinal Study In this second essay, I crack into some unsupported relationships between disclosure efficacy and response efficacy shown in the previous study, which could be due to the use of cross-sectional data in the analysis, giving nonsignificant findings. Over time, it is possible that the effectiveness of the response that disclosers receive could determine whether users will further disclose or not. For example, if a discloser does not receive valuable response that addresses his or her needs, he or she may stop posting or disclosing information on the platform, thus, leading to lurking behaviors or less recommendations for others to join the online platform. This current study proposes a two-way relationship between disclosure efficacy and response efficacy of users’ interactions in online health communities instead of looking at only the one-way relationship from disclosure efficacy to response efficacy (which showed some insignificant results). From an econometric perspective, time has been shown to play a dynamic role on variables and their relationships. Thus, this current paper uses dynamic vector autoregression (VAR) modeling technique with a longitudinal data set to investigate the one-way and two-way relationships between disclosure efficacy and response efficacy and their dimensions (information density and information breadth) and (information persuasiveness and response persuasiveness), respectively. The analysis reveals a recursive relationship between disclosure efficacy and response efficacy and some of their dimensions. This is a departure from some prior literature that proposed a static linear order in end-user information consumption. The significance of the nonlinear recursive relationship is marked extension of the DD-MM model by establishing the reenforcing effect of its key variables

The Support to Improve Self Efficacy and Healing of Drugs Addict

Appropriate counseling and education can be adopted to achieve a change in attitude, knowledge and perception. Still there is a wrong perception of a given intervention. Peer support through a process of social learning, the process of growing understanding of how to process information from experience, observational include: attention (attention), given (retention), reproduction of motion (reproduction), motivation (motivation), and communication. The purpose of this study was to analyze resident self-efficacy to regardless of drug addiction through family support. This study employed qualitative approach with case study design. Subjects in this study were residents, ex drugs user, peer support, and resident family. The results showed that peer support from fellow residents and the support of the major on duty (MOD) very meaningful and helpful for resident in the healing process

Responding to natural disasters: Examining identity and prosociality in the context of a major earthquake

How does a major natural disaster relate to individuals’ orientation towards society? We collected repeated cross‐sectional surveys before (n = 644) and after the 2010 Chile earthquake (n = 1,389) to examine levels of national identity, prosocial values, helping motivations, and prosocial behaviours in the context of such a calamitous societal event. Our research questions, derived from the literature on helping in times of crisis, considered how natural disasters may implicate identity and prosociality, as well as how identity, prosocial values, and motivations are linked to prosocial action after a disaster. Higher levels of national identity, helping motivations, and disaster‐related helping were found after the earthquake, suggesting that in the aftermath of a disaster, people unite under a common national identity and are motivated to take action related to disaster relief. National identity and prosocial values were closely linked to helping after the earthquake, but specific helping motivations rarely predicted prosocial behaviours. Additionally, proximity to the epicentre was related to higher levels of national identity and participation in reconstruction efforts. These findings contribute to our understanding of people's responses to natural disasters and suggest ways of encouraging prosocial behaviour in the aftermath of unexpected tragic events

Knowledge Sharing Self-efficacy and Academic Entitlement as Predictors of Research Competence among Postgraduate Students at the College of Education

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between research competence (RC) and both Knowledge Sharing Self-Efficacy (KSSF) and academic entitlement (AE), check the difference between male and female in research competence, Knowledge Sharing Self-Efficacy and academic entitlement, and the disclosure of the relative contribution of Knowledge Sharing Self-Efficacy and academic entitlement in predicting the Research competence of postgraduate students. Method: Participants of 205 postgraduate students were conveniently (male=66, female =139) participated were conveniently collected through a Web-based Google forms from the different universities of Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, utilized instruments included the Research competence scale prepared by the researchers, Knowledge Sharing Self-Efficacy sharing prepared by the researchers, and academic entitlement scale prepared by the researchers. Results: research competence is found to have a statistically significant positive correlation (P \u3c 0.01) with Knowledge Sharing Self-Efficacy, and negative correlation (P \u3c 0.01) with academic entitlement, Significant differences (P \u3c 0.01) were found between male and female in research competence and Knowledge Sharing Self-Efficacy for the benefit of female, significant differences (P \u3c 0.01) were found between male and female in academic entitlement, regression analysis revealed that academic entitlement and Knowledge Sharing Self-Efficacy were significant predictors of research competence among postgraduate students at the College of Education. Thus, results were discussed in light of the findings of the research. Conclusion: Our study suggests that academic entitlement are risk factors for research competence, therefore, there are major differences between male and female with academic entitlement, Research competence, and Knowledge Sharing Self-Efficacy. Future studies will need to consider understanding these differences

Drivers of Online Brand Community Value Creation: The Role of Psychological Empowerment

There is an upsurge of consumer empowerment driven by the rise of the Internet and online communities. However, the effect of psychological empowerment that may be experienced in contributing knowledge and experiences in the process of participation in online brand community has seldom been investigated. This study aims to examine the role of psychological empowerment in online brand community and its impact on value co-creation behaviors. By using PLS-SEM, the result indicate that perceived responsiveness, validation, status seeking, perceived network size, and information quality, facilitates the establishment of psychological empowerment, which in turn promotes consumers’ value co-creation behaviors. Implications for researchers and practitioners are discussed

A Review on Self-Determination Factors and Knowledge Sharing Behavior with Perceived Organizational Support as Moderating Effect

Knowledge sharing behavior has been acknowledged as a vital element in knowledge management in an organization. Baby boomers are the individuals within the organizations who recognized the importance of knowledge management for the success of their day to day organization function.  Past studies have shown that individuals are still not interested to participate in knowledge sharing. The purpose of this review is to discuss the impact of self-determination factors toward knowledge sharing behavior among baby boomers in the public sector. A rigorous review of literature regarding knowledge sharing behaviour was undertaken. This review unveiled the preliminary self-determination conceptual framework which suggests a relationship among knowledge sharing behavior and four other individual factors.  These factors are personality traits, intrinsic motivation, emotional intelligence, and sense of belonging.   The outcome of this review is expected to provide the insights on the moderating effect of perceived organizational support which will be part of the main study. Keywords:Knowledge Sharing Behavior; Self-determination Factors; Perceived Organizational Suppor

Examining the Factors Influencing Continued Knowledge Contribution in Electronic Knowledge Repository

Electronic knowledge repositories facilitate knowledge discovery and reuse by providing computer-mediated repositories for users to codify their expertise. However, why individuals volunteer to help strangers in these electronic networks is not well understood. There is no apparent benefit for the contributor and free-riders have same access to the public good as everyone else. Based on previous research positing that the interaction created by network participants produces an online public good of knowledge, the purpose of this paper is to investigate individuals’ intention to continue sharing knowledge in electronic knowledge repository. Drawing from social cognitive theory, and cognitive evaluation theory, we propose a theoretical model employing environmental factors such as feedback, rewards, and communication, and individual motivations such as perceived knowledge self-efficacy and self-esteem to explain person’s behavior (continuance intention) to contribute knowledge in the electronic knowledge repositories