Non Binary Low Density Parity Check Codes Decoding Over Galois Field

Conventional LDPC codes have a low decoding complexity but may have high encoding complexity. The encoding complexity is typically of the order O(n2)[5]. Also high storage space may be required to explicitly store the generator matrix. For long blocknbsp lengths the storage space required would be huge. The above factors make the implementation of the Conventional LDPC codes less attractive. These codes are usually decoded using the sum-product algorithm, which is anbsp message passing algorithm working on the Tanner graph of the code[5]. The sparseness of the parity check matrix is essential for attaining good performance with sum-product decoding. The time complexity of the sum- product algorithm is linear in code length. This property makes it possible to implement a practical decoder for long lengths.nbs

Finding the discriminative frequencies of motor electroencephalography signal using genetic algorithm

A crucial part of the brain-computer interface is a classification of electroencephalography (EEG) motor tasks. Artifacts such as eye and muscle movements corrupt EEG signal and reduce the classification performance. Many studies try to extract not redundant and discriminative features from EEG signals. Therefore, this study proposed a signal preprocessing and feature extraction method for EEG classification. It consists of removing the artifacts by using discrete fourier transform (DFT) as an ideal filter for specific frequencies. It also cross-correlates the EEG channels with the effective channels to emphases the EEG motor signals. Then the resultant from cross correlation are statistical calculated to extract feature for classifying a left and right finger movements using support vector machine (SVM). The genetic algorithm was applied to find the discriminative frequencies of DFT for the two EEG classes signal. The performance of the proposed method was determined by finger movement classification of 13 subjects and the experiments show that the average accuracy is above 93 percent

A Clinical Functional Requirements (CFR) Domain Library For Elicit Correct Clinical Requirements

Eliciting correct clinical functional requirements is crucial as it determines the quality and sustainability of clinical software. However, eliciting correct functional requirements is very challenging, especially for requirements engineers who are not well versed with the business process and the vocabulary used in clinical domains. The complexity and specificity of the terms and terminologies used in the clinical domain may lead to misunderstanding and misinterpretation of terms. Motivated from this problem, this thesis proposes a Clinical Functional Requirements (CFR) Domain Library to assist requirements engineers to elicit correct functional clinical functional requirements. This domain library was specifically developed to address the challenges in eliciting clinical functional requirements and the lack of appropriate tool to assist requirements engineers to automatically elicit clinical requirements. This study adopted a three-phase research method consisting of the analysis, design and development and evaluation and testing. The first phase involved identifying the research gap and conducting two preliminary studies to determine the focus of the study. In the second phase, we developed the Clinical Functional Requirements (CFR) domain library, based on the key structural patterns. A collection of clinical functional requirements was compiled and the domain library was embedded in an automated tool called Malaysia English Requirements (MEReq) to elicit clinical requirements. We employed the EUC and EUI methodologies with GUI capability to elicit and to visualise the clinical functional requirements. The evaluation of the correctness and usability of the CFR domain library was conducted in phase three. Two evaluations were carried out in this research: 1) correctness test and 2) usability test. We found that the correct rate of eliciting clinical functional requirements based on the CFR domain library approach is better than the manual approach. Further, the usability study reported that the CFR domain library approach is able to help requirements engineer to ease the phase of eliciting clinical requirements. It can be concluded that the CFR domain library embedded in MEReq tool able to enhance the correct and the usability of the elicited clinical requirements

Quad Separation Algorithm for Bounding-Volume Hierarchies Construction in Virtual Environment Application

In order to perform fast collision detection technique in Virtual Environment Application, researchers need to maintain the behaviour of the object itself before the objects come into contact. By enhancing the speed of intersection using Bounding-Volume Hierarchies technique, it helps to reduce the complexity and speed up the intersection process. Thus, in this paper we presented our novel algorithm for constructing Bounding-Volume Hierarchies using Quad Splitting method. Together with the Quad Splitting method is the implementation of Spatial Object Median Splitting technique (SOMS) in order to create a well-balanced tree for the object. We believed the key of performing fast intersection between two or more objects in Virtual Environment Application required a well-balanced and proper tree technique for Bounding-Volume hierarchies

Diversification through trade

A widely held view is that openness to international trade leads to higher GDP volatility, as trade increases specialization and hence exposure to sector-specific shocks. We revisit the common wisdom and argue that when country-wide shocks are important, openness to international trade can lower GDP volatility by reducing exposure to domestic shocks and allowing countries to diversify the sources of demand and supply across countries. Using a quantitative model of trade, we assess the importance of the two mechanisms (sectoral specialization and cross-country diversification) and provide a new answer to the question of whether and how international trade affects economic volatility