Conceptualisation of the three-dimensional matrix of collaborative knowledge barriers

[EN] Nowadays, collaborative knowledge management (CKM) is well accepted as a decisive asset in the field of networked enterprises and supply chains. However, few knowledge management initiatives have been performed successfully because, in most cases, the barriers that hinder the CKM process are unknown and misunderstood. Currently, the research reveals different uni- and bi-dimensional barriers' classifications, however multi-dimensional approaches provide a better view of the complexity in the area of CKM. Therefore, this paper proposes the three-dimensional matrix of collaborative knowledge barriers taking into account: (i) perspectives; (ii) levels and (iii) barriers blocks to provide a reference way to audit the CKM barriers, and thus, in further research, focus on the corrections and adjustments to guarantee the success while implementing a CKM project.Sanchis, R.; Sanchis Gisbert, MR.; Poler, R. (2020). 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Halal Haram Cryptocurrency

The invention of the computer which was originally a calculating machine (Difference Engine no. 1) which was discovered by Charles Babbage (1791-1871) is something very famous in the history of computer development and is the first automatic calculator. With the very rapid development of the digital world, in 1983 an American cryptography expert David Chaum used cryptographic electronic money called e-cash, and in 1995, he implemented it through Digichash, which became the initial form of collaboration between the digital world of computers and Money, which is a cryptographic electronic payment instrument that requires user software to pull notes from the bank and designate a specific encrypted key before it can be sent to the recipient. And in 1996, the NSA, namely the United States National Security Agency, which was founded by President Harry S. Truman on November 4, 1952, had the task and function of collecting and analyzing communications from other countries, as well as protecting information belonging to the United States. The agency published a paper entitled How to Make a Mint: The Cryptography of Anonymous Electronic Cash, describing the Crypto currency system that first published it on the MIT mailing list, later in 1997, in the journal The American Law Review (Vol. 46, Issue 4). It was these researches that eventually led the developers to start developing what is known today as blockchain which is basically a distributed open ledger to record transactions between two parties efficiently and in a verifiable and permanent way. The discovery of Bit coin in 2009 which was declared as electronic money was developed by an institution or individual who has the initials Satoshi Nakamoto, the technology used is using a peer to peer network without centralized storage so that verification can be done anywhere in the world anywhere that dedicates a computer, to do this or it is called mining. Since 2009 other coins and tokens have started to appear, as we can see on CoinMarketcap which has more than 6000 coins and tokens. The utilization and use of this technology is still being debated from the point of view of Muslims in Indonesia, as stated by Yenny Wahid in the activities carried out by the Islamic Law Firm (ILF), this is due to the uncertainty of the asset value which can change at any time

Business opportunities analysis using GIS: the retail distribution sector

[EN] The retail distribution sector is facing a difficult time as the current landscape is characterized by ever-increasing competition. In these conditions, the search for an appropriate location strategy has the potential to become a differentiating and competitive factor. Although, in theory, an increasing level of importance is placed on geography because of its key role in understanding the success of a business, this is not the case in practice. For this reason, the process outlined in this paper has been specifically developed to detect new business locations. The methodology consists of a range of analyzes with Geographical Information Systems (GISs) from a marketing point of view. This new approach is called geomarketing. First, geodemand and geocompetition are located on two separate digital maps using spatial and non-spatial databases. Second, a third map is obtained by matching this information with the demand not dealt with properly by the current commercial offer. 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Las plataformas de conocimiento: la evaluación práctica del patrimonio arquitectónico y la era de la información en Sudáfrica

[EN] The intellectual basis for preservation and conservation is formed by the study, record and dissemination of the works of humanity. Due to the negative impacts of exponential city growth, through densification and the impact of climate change, more considered design approaches need to be made for the reuse and adaptation of buildings in historical contexts. The fast pace of project design, and implementation, in the 21st century, has fostered the need for directly accessible architectural heritage knowledge. Therefore, architectural heritage practice demands access to curated information to ensure considered, and appropriate, design responses. This is important, not only for heritage and other related practitioners, but also for researchers and students. The advent of the Information Age initiated new methodologies for archiving knowledge. These developments provided architectural heritage practice with extended platforms of knowledge, either born-digital or founded on analogue princip[ES] La base intelectual para la preservación y la conservación está formada por el estudio, el registro y la difusión de las obras de la humanidad. Debido a los impactos negativos del crecimiento exponencial de la ciudad, a través de la densificación y el impacto del cambio climático, se necesitan enfoques de diseño que consideren más la reutilización yla  adaptación de los edificios en contextos históricos. El rápido ritmo de diseño y ejecución de los proyectos en el siglo XXI ha fomentado la necesidad de contar directamente con conocimientos accesibles sobre el patrimonio arquitectónico. Por lo tanto, la práctica del patrimonio arquitectónico exige el acceso a información comisariada para asegurar respuestas de diseño consideradas y apropiadas. Esto es importante, no sólo para los profesionales del patrimonio y otros profesionales relacionados, sino también para los investigadores y estudiantes. El advenimiento de la Era de la Información inició nuevas metodologías para archivar el conocBarker, A.; Swart, J. (2020). Platforms of knowledge: architectural heritage practice and the information age in South Africa. Virtual Archaeology Review. 11(22):56-73. https://doi.org/10.4995/var.2020.12234OJS56731122Association of Professional Heritage Practitioners (APHP). 2011. Code of Conduct for Heritage Assessment Practitioners. Retrieved from https://www.aphp.org.za/aphp-code-conductArmstrong, A. R. E. (2006). Architectural Archives/Archiving Architecture: The Digital ERA. Art Documentation: Journal of the Art Libraries Society of North America, 25(2), 12-17. Retrieved from https://www.jstor.org/stable/27949434 - https://doi.org/10.1086/adx.25.2.27949434Australia ICOMOS. (2000). The Burra Charter: the Australia ICOMOS Charter for Places of Cultural Significance: with associated guidelines and code on the ethics of co-existence. Burwood, Vic.: Australia ICOMOS. https://www.icomos.org/australiaBall, J. (2017). Joburg gets a new online heritage system!. Available from: http://www.theheritageportal.co.za/article/joburg-gets-new-online-heritage-systemBarker, A., Swart, J. & Van Niekerk, K. (2016). The importance of Architectural Archives. Architecture South Africa, 79, 6-9.Brusaporci, S. (2017). Digital Innovations in Architectural Heritage Conservation: Emerging Research and Opportunities (pp. 1-152). Hershey, PA: IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-2434-2City of Cape Town. (2019). Environment and heritage education resources. www.capetown.gov.za/Family%20and%20home/education-and-research-materials/graphics-and-educational-material/environment-and-heritage-education-resources.Department of Arts and Culture. (2010). National policy on the digitisation of heritage resources (draft). South Africa. Retrieved from http://www.archivalplatform.org/images/resources/NATIONAL_POLICY_ON_DIGITISATION_V8.pdfDepartment of Environmental Affairs (DEA). (2016). Cultural heritage survey guidelines and assessment tools for protected areas in South Africa. South Africa. Retrieved from https://www.environment.gov.za/sites/default/files/ legislations/culturalheritagesurveyguidelines_protectedareas2016_0.pdfDepartment of Environment and Heritage Protection. (2013). Assessing cultural heritage significance. Using the cultural heritage criteria. Queensland, Australia. Retrieved from https://www.qld.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0030/ 66693/using-the-criteria.pdfDe Vletter, M. (2019). Don't Be Afraid of the Digital. Arts, 8(1), 6. https://doi.org/10.3390/arts8010006Esperdy, G. (2013). Building Data: Field Notes on the Future of the Past. Places Journal, September. https://doi.org/10.22269/130923Evans, J. & Wilson, Z. (2018). Inclusive repositories and recordkeeping: towards a manifesto. International Journal of Heritage Studies, 24(8), 857-860. https://doi.org/10.1080/13527258.2018.1428671Hawes, S. E. (2010). Curating Architecture: An Investigation of the Motives and Practice of Architectural Collection and Exhibition with Recommendations for Interpretation of the Architectural Study Collection at Independence National Historical Park. (Masters Thesis). University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA. https://repository.upenn.edu/hp_theses/141/Hu, X., Ng, J., & Xia, S. (2018). User-Centered Evaluation of Metadata Schema for Nonmovable Cultural Heritage: Murals and Stone Cave Temples. Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology, 69(12), 1476-1487. https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.24065Kleinman, K. (2002). Archiving/Architecture. Archival Science 1: 321-332, 2001. Kluwer Academic Publishers. https://www.nyu.edu/classes/bkg/methods/kleinman.pdf https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02438900Kleyn, L. (2018). Open access research publications and South African Institutional Repositories (IRs) in the context of intellectual property law and practices: and interdisciplinary study. Unpublished M(Phil) (Law) Thesis, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa.Kotze, P. (1998). In memory of Sophia Gray: Store houses of knowledge. S.A. Architect, Sept/Oct, 43-47.Liebetrau, P. (Ed). (2010). Managing Digital Collections: A Collaborative Initiative on the South African Framework. National Research Foundation. https://wiki.lib.sun.ac.za/images/5/51/Managing_Digital_Collections.pdfNational Archives and Records Service of South Africa (NARSSA). (2013). Digitisation Strategy. Retrieved from http://www.nationalarchives.gov.za/sites/default/files/National%20Archives%20Digitisation%20Strategy%20-%20approved%20November%202013.pdfNational Heritage Resource Act 25 of 1999 (South Africa) (NHRA). Retrieved from http://www.dac.gov.za/sites/ default/files/Legislations%20Files/a25-99.pdfPhiri, L. & Suleman, H. (2013). Managing cultural heritage: information systems architecture. http://pubs.cs.uct.ac.za/archive/00001008/01/phiri_iresearch2013_architecture.pdfPickover, M. (2014). Patrimony, Power and Politics: Selecting, Constructing and Preserving Digital Heritage Content in South Africa and Africa. http://library.ifla.org/1023/1/138-pickover-en.pdfPierce, K. (2011). Collaborative Efforts to Preserve Born-Digital Architectural Records: A Case Study. Art Documentation: Journal of the Art Libraries Society of North America, Vol. 30, No. 2 (Fall 2011), 43-48. https://www.jstor.org/stable/41244064 - https://doi.org/10.1086/adx.30.2.41244064Redweik, P., Cláudio, A., Carmo, M., Naranjo, J. & Sanjosé, J. (2017). Digital preservation of cultural and scientific heritage: involving university students to raise awareness of its importance. Virtual Archaeology Review, 8(16): 22-34. https://doi.org/10.4995/var.2017.4629Ruiz Gil, J.-A. (2017). Digital heritage training for historians in Europe: a local proposal. Virtual Archaeology Review, 8(17), 56-63. https://doi.org/10.4995/var.2017.4726Smuts, K., Mlungwana, N., & Wiltshire, N. G. (2016). SAHRIS: South Africa's integrated, web-based heritage management system. Journal of Cultural Heritage Management and Sustainable Development, 6(2), 138-152. https://doi.org/10.1108/JCHMSD-01-2016-0002Waters, D. & Garrett, J. (1996). Preserving Digital Information. Report of the Task Force on Archiving of Digital Information. Washington, DC: The Commission on Preservation and Access and Research Libraries Group. https://www.clir.org/pubs/reports/pub63/Willis, A. (1996). The Place of Repositories in the Universe of Architectural Documentation. American Archivist. Vol. 59, Spring. https://americanarchivist.org/doi/pdf/10.17723/aarc.59.2.l54510w443504578 - https://doi.org/10.17723/aarc.59.2.l54510w44350457

Intellectual Property Policy Online: A Young Person’s Guide

This is an edited version of a presentation to the Intellectual Property Online panel at the Harvard Conference on the Internet and Society, May 28-31, 1996. The panel was a reminder of both the importance of intellectual property and the dangers of legal insularity. Of approximately 400 panel attendees, 90% were not lawyers. Accordingly, the remarks that follow are an attempt to lay out the basics of intellectual property policy in a straighforward and non-technical manner. In other words, this is what non-lawyers should know (and what a number of government lawyers seem to have forgotten) about intellectual property policy on the Internet. The legal analysis which underlies this discussion is set out in the Appendix

Law School Libraries

Ascorbic acid (AA), in popular speech vitamin C, is a commonly known nutrient. It is involved in several biological processes and deficiency can lead to scurvy. Recent publications have shown the impact of AA on epigenetic regulation in mice. Addition of AA, via enzymatic activity, enhances the generation of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), which is an intermediate in active demethylation of DNA. The role of AA on epigenetic changes in humans has to our knowledge never been studied. In this study, naïve CD4+ T cells from blood donors were used as a model system to investigate AAs possible role in methylation changes in the immune system. By using dot-blot assay, hydroxymethylated DNA immunoprecipitation (hmeDIP) and qPCR, changes in methylation executed by AA could be detected. A confirmation of AAs impact on epigenetic changes in mice was observed. AA enhanced the levels of 5hmC compared to untreated cells. The Jurkat cell line, a human T lymphocyte cell line, showed an opposite result. Treatment with AA decreased the levels of 5hmC compared to untreated cells. When comparing this result with the results obtained in human naïve T cells, the same observation was made. The difference between mouse and human in the ability of producing and metabolize AA could be a reason for this opposite result. Since AA had the ability to modify epigenetic changes in primary human CD4+ T cells, the results suggest that AA may have a function in the human immune system

A single journal study : Malaysian Journal of Computer Science

Single journal studies are reviewed and measures used in the studies are highlighted. The following quantitative measures are used to study 272 articles published in Malaysian Journal of Computer Science, (1) the article productivity of the journal from 1985 to 2007, (2) the observed and expected authorship productivity tested using Lotka's Law of author productivity, identification and listing of core authors; (3) the authorship, co-authorship pattern by authors' country of origin and institutional affiliations; (4) the subject areas of research; (5) the citation analysis of resources referenced as well as the age and half-life of citations; the journals referenced and tested for zonal distribution using Bradford's law of journal scattering; the extent of web citations; and (6) the citations received by articles published in MJCS and impact factor of the journal based on information obtained from Google Scholar, the level of author and journal self-citation

Assessing the Current State of Net Neutrality and Exploring Solutions in Creating and Maintaining Open, Available, and Innovative Internet and Broadband Services

This article examines the current state of net neutrality regulation in the United States. Debates surrounding net neutrality are varied and layered. They include legal questions regarding how the internet should be classified under existing statutes, and the level of authority for federal agencies when regulating internet service providers. The Article will provide an extensive background of net neutrality in the United States, discussing the pertinent case law and legislation that shaped the modern Internet regulatory landscape. It will conclude by discussing the current state of the law, focusing on the perspectives of proponents and opponents of the law as it currently stands under the Restoring Internet Freedom Order. Finally, it will analyze examples of measures that opponents of the Restoring Internet Freedom Order are taking to repeal it