Modelling the Factors Influencing Urban Households Food and Nutrition Security Status

There was a rapid migration from poor rural areas to swollen urban areas in search of better jobs and life. While some local immigrants have managed to find a better life, most immigrants cannot guarantee the improvement of the quality of life as they hoped. It has become a nightmare of economic and food insecurity. A study was conducted to determine factors affecting food availability, accessibility and affordability for families in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. A survey is used to obtain information from 240 households. The Food insecurity Index is used to analyze the state of food insecurity in the study area. Foster, Greer, and Thorbecke (FGT) weighted poverty index was adopted to analyze the incidence and severity of Hunger. Tobit Regression Model is used to analyze household food security determinants. Results of analyses show that hunger is lower in families of skilled workers and higher in families with unskilled workers. The result further showed that the incidence of food insecurity and hunger was 0.61 and directly related to family size. The most critical factors influencing food security are education level, household income level, family size, access to credit facilities, distance to the nearest market, and location of residence. Policies aimed at improving living standards in rural areas are wise policy decisions to prevent conquest of the village

Physical Mechanical Properties of Biodegradable Plastics from Cassava Starch with Variation of Bagasse and Glycerol.

Environmental problems are related to plastic waste that difficult to degrade naturally. Polysaccharides in the form of gelatinized cassava starch and bagasse containing 52.70% cellulose can replace commercial plastic polymers. This research was aimed to determine the effect of variations in bagasse and glycerol on physical, mechanical and biodegradation tests. The study used 2 factors CRD consisting of the addition of bagasse and glycerol. The results showed that the addition of bagasse and glycerol reducing the brightness with a value range of 44.82-76.15 and increased absorption between 2.61-10.64%. The thickness occurred between 0.79-1.11mm. The tensile strength values are 8.30-14.33 MPa, inversely proportional to the elongation value between 11.85-94.22%, but directly proportional to the modulus young value between 0.09-1.24 MPa. The highest biodegradation values were 0% bagasse and 40% glycerol. The three best treatments were found in the combination treatment of bagasse and glycerol 0% 20%, 0% 30%, and 0% 40%

Analysis of Tumpang Sari Horticulture Farming in Pattappang Village, Gowa Regency

This research was prepared aiming to determine the amount of cost, income, and efficiency of vegetable farming in the Buluballea Environment, Pattappang Village, Tinggimoncong District, Gowa Regency. Besides this research is also to determine the effect of factors such as land area, labor, manure, urea fertilizer, KCl fertilizer, ZA fertilizer, and cropping patterns on costs and income. Tumpangsari Farming is planting in almost the same time for the same two types of crops. The basic method used in this research is descriptive study and is done by interview technique. The selection of sample farmers uses a stratified random sampling method with a total of 5 (five) people. The type of data used in the study is primary data and secondary data collected by interview, note-taking, and observation technique

Sensory Attributes of Jackfruit: A beyond Meat Sandwich Filling

Jackfruit is used as a meat substitute by some consumers but reports on its use are scanty. Jackfruit is becoming popular among meat lovers who want non-soy-based meat alternative. Thus, this study aims to 1) discover a healthy and affordable option to meat and 2) assess if consumers candifferentiate between pulled pork and jackfruit in a sandwich. Three types of sandwiches were prepared (i.e., jackfruit-in-water; pork tenderloin; jackfruit-inbrine). Sensory analysis using 300 untrained panelists was conducted to examine selected quality attributes (flavor, texture, aroma) and identify the meat-based sample. Panelists scored the sandwiches on a scale of 1-3 with 1 being most favored. The mean scores were calculated as follows: pork = 1.54), jackfruit in brine = 2.16), and Jackfruit in water = 2.18. Statistical analysis (2 tailed T-test) found a significant difference (p = 0.003) in flavor between thepork sandwich (score = 1.6) and those of jackfruit in brine (score = 2.17) and water (score = 2.17). There was a significant difference (p = 0.05) in the texture of pork sandwich (score = 1.6) and jackfruit sandwich in brine (score = 2.0) and water (score = 2.3). Most tasters thought the jackfruit was a meat product although the meat product was ultimately favored. Participants did not know that the sandwiches had a meat substitute. Jackfruit could be a desirable meat substitute for consumers who are looking for low-fat meat alternative rich in antioxidants to add to meals

Changes in Rainfall and Climate Classification in South Sulawesi

The study discuss about Changes in Rainfall and Climate Classification in South Sulawesi. The climate of the Earth is determined by the location of the sun in relation to the earth's surface. Geographical location influences the categorization of climate on our planet. The results of the study (1) Rainfall in Bone Regency has been classified as high rainfall intensity for the last 10 years; (2) Determination of climate classification can be done by processing rainfall data obtained from data before weighting, after weighting, ranking, and opportunity; (3) The climate classification according to Schmidt-Ferguson for Bone Regency has a B climate type, which is a humid subtropical climate; and (4) The climate classification according This is based on a comparison of the number of dry months (BK) and wet months (BB), from which the Q value is obtained, which is then used to determine the type of climate according to Schmidt-Ferguson; (4) Oldeman's climate classification for Bone Regency has a C1 climate type, which has the characteristics of planting lowland rice once a year and secondary crops twice a year; (5) Oldeman's climate classification for Bone Regency has a This is based on the number of Wet Months (BB) and Dry Months (BK) in a given yea

Prospect of Protected Agricultural Structure and its Constraints for Utilizing in Nepal

Protected agricultural structures have been adopted by commercial farmers throughout the world including Nepal to cope with climate change and its adverse effects on agriculture. Technology based production system is important for sustainable agricultural development. It could be the tool for low-income countries like Nepal where agriculture is the priority of income generation for the rural people. A field study was conducted in 2021 and 2022 to understand the prospects of protected agriculture structures adaptation by farmers and agricultural entrepreneur in Nepal. The study was traversed with both physical observation and the user’s interviews. The opportunities and the constraints have been critically analysed based on these field study along with the review of different policy documents and success stories published. This study found that the protected cultivation practice has been rapidly increased with increasing number of protected structures like plastic house or tunnel framed with bamboo or GI pipe, Agri-net house, naturally ventilated poly house and semi or hi-tech green house. In contrary, the import of horticulture products has also been increased more than 200% in last 10 years. This study finds the gap mismatching between technology enhancement, production and import of horticulture crops

The Concept of Desertification, Its Causes and Effects, and Treatments

Since the United Nations General Assembly passed two resolutions in December 1974, the term "desertification" has become a part of international development discourse: The first is a call to all countries to pay attention to desertification research and work together to explore its causes and find strategies to prevent it. The decision to organize an international conference on desertification in 1977 was the second. From August 29 to September 9, 1977, the conference was held in Nairobi, Kenya. The term "desertification" seems to have taken the place of prior words like "desert encroachment." Perhaps what we witness when desert sand dunes creep over oasis communities and farms and fill them, as well as when sand dunes crawl over paved highways and trains, contributes to this picture. This is a genuine depiction, however it only depicts a small portion of the problem (less than 10%). The word "desertification" refers to the process by which productive land outside of the desert's natural limits deteriorates and loses its capacity to produce (agricultural crops, pastures, timber and fuelwood) and transforms into a desert that resembles a limited resource. Desertification, in other words, impacts productive lands in dry and semi-arid locations, agricultural fields (rain-fed or irrigated), and grazing lands. The degradation begins as little patches that get larger and more like expanding patches until they converge and combine, becoming an arid band that joins the deserts of the surrounding places as it becomes more like them

The Effects of Banana Blossom (Musa Acuminate Colla) Consumption on Increased Breast Milk Production in the Work Area of Talaga Jaya

Breast Milk (ASI) is the best food for babies, in increasing milk production, breastfeeding mothers are advised to consume banana bud because it contains lactagogum compounds that can increase milk production, especially in mothers who experience milk production problems. This research aims to determine the effect of Banana Blossom  consumption on increasing milk production in the work area of ​​Talaga Jaya Health Center. The design was Quasi Experimental with Pre-post Nonequivalent Control Group Design. The population in this study were all breastfeeding mothers in the working area of ​​Talaga Jaya Health Center totaling 122 people. The sample in this research used purposive non-probability sampling with purposive sampling technique with an observation sheet as data collection technique. The data were analyzed using Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test to see differences in the frequency of breast milk production before and after consumption of the Banana Blossom  while the Chi Square test is there to see the effect of Banana Blossom  consumption on breast milk production with a P value <0.05. The results showed there was a significant effect on increasing milk production in nursing mothers with a p-value of 0.002 <0.05

Production and Screening of Streptomyces-Extracellular Chitinase

The aim of this research was to produce Streptomyces-extracellular chitinase and screen its antifungal activity on a clinically isolated Candida albicans. The Streptomyces were isolated from an agricultural farmland; they were identified and screened for the chitinase production. Effects of time, temperature, pH and nitrogen sources on the chitinase production were determined using standard methods. Ammonium sulphate precipitation was used to partially purify the chitinase. Protein concentrations were determined spectrophotometrically using bovine serum albumin as standard. Agar-well diffusion method was used to evaluate the antifungal activity of the chitinase on C. albicans. The isolated Streptomyces were of three (3) strains, and all the strains are Gram positive, catalase positive, oxidase positive while, Strain A and C are indole positive and only Strain B is citrate positive. The maximum chitinase production was at 72 h, 40°C and when yeast extract was used as the nitrogen source. Ammonium sulphate (80%) precipitation yielded the highest enzyme activity of 39.0U/ml. The maximum enzyme activity was observed at temperature of 40oC, pH 5.5 and 1.0% colloidal chitin (substrate). The partially purified chitinase showed a zone of inhibition of 20.11 ± 1.26 mm against the Candida albicans. This result has no significant difference (P>0.05) when compared with that of the standard drug (Fluconazole) with 21.42 ± 0.08 mm zone of inhibition. These findings suggest that Streptomyces at favourable conditions produce chitinase, and this enzyme can be used as an antifungal agent on Candida albicans and other chitin containing fungi

Exploring the Benefits of Advanced Technologies in Fertilizer, Pesticide, and Water Management for Improved Efficiency and Yield Enhancement

The advantages of new technology in fertilizer, pesticide, and water management for enhanced productivity and yield improvement in precision agriculture are investigated in this thesis. Research of both a quantitative and qualitative nature was conducted as part of the approach in order to offer a thorough knowledge of the influence that improved technology have had on the practices of precision agriculture. The quantitative findings of the research indicate that the use of modern technological practices leads to a large increase in both productiveness and profitability. The qualitative findings emphasize the positive effects on the environment that would follow from a reduction in the use of pesticides and fertilizers, as well as an increase in the sustainability of agricultural operations. Nevertheless, the research also reveals several challenges to adoption, such as the expense involved and a resistance to changing behaviors that have been done traditionally. Getting rid of these obstacles is going to be essential if we want to realize the full potential of precision agricultural methods. In general, this thesis provides important insights into the potential of advanced technologies in fertilizer, pesticide, and water management to promote sustainable and efficient agricultural practices. Additionally, it identifies key areas for future research in this field, which is extremely helpful