Errors in data input in meta-analysis on association between initial use of e-cigarettes and subsequent cigarette smoking among adolescents and young adults

To the Editor I write on behalf of my co-authors to report errors in our article, “Association Between Initial Use of e-Cigarettes and Subsequent Cigarette Smoking Among Adolescents and Young Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis,” that was published online on June 26, 2017, and in the August issue of JAMA Pediatrics

Key Findings: Rethinking Serial Perpetration

The serial perpetration hypothesis — which suggests that a small number of men perpetrate the vast majority of rapes, and that these men perpetrate multiple rapes over time — has played an important role in the field of rape prevention as a model of sexual violence, especially raising awareness of rapists who have not been identified by the criminal justice system. A 2015 study published in JAMA Pediatrics, A Trajectory Analysis of the Campus Serial Rapist Assumption, raises questions about the serial perpetrator hypothesis. Although it is clear that a subset of perpetrators do commit multiple acts of rape over time, the research suggests that most perpetrators do not chronically offend over time. Instead, perpetrators are much more heterogeneous in terms of their risk factors, methods of coercion, and pattern of offending over time

Las personas con autismo o trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad tienen un mayor riesgo de mortalidad

Nota de prensa ISCIII 16/02/2022 y Noticia publicada en la Web del ISCIII 16/02/2022Nota de prensa sobre un metanálisis, publicado en la revista JAMA Pediatrics y liderado desde la Escuela Nacional de Sanidad del ISCIII y el CIBERSAM, analiza 27 estudios internacionales con participación de más de 640.000 pacientes y sugiere la necesidad de llevar a cabo estudios más completos y específicos.N

Association of cesarean delivery and formula supplementation with the intestinal microbiome of 6-week-old infants

Author Posting. © American Medical Association, 2016. This article is posted here by permission of American Medical Association for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in JAMA Pediatrics 170 (2016): 212-219, doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2015.3732.The intestinal microbiome plays a critical role in infant development, and delivery mode and feeding method (breast milk vs formula) are determinants of its composition. However, the importance of delivery mode beyond the first days of life is unknown, and studies of associations between infant feeding and microbiome composition have been generally limited to comparisons between exclusively breastfed and formula-fed infants, with little consideration given to combination feeding of both breast milk and formula.This work was supported in part by grants from the National Institutes of Health (grants NIEHS P01ES022832, NIEHS P20ES018175, NIGMS P20GM104416, NLM K01LM011985, NLM R01LM009012, and NLM R01 LM010098) and the US Environmental Protection Agency (grants RD83459901 and RD83544201).2017-01-1

‘From Badness to Sickness’ and Back Again: The Use of Medication in the U.S. School and Foster Care Systems

This article explores the over- and under-prescription of psychotropic medication to youth of color both in public schools and the foster care system. Under the umbrella of the schools-to-prison pipeline, there is a wide array of literature addressing the under-use of medication for treatment of children of color in the public school system when treating learning or behavioral disabilities. There is also, however, a great deal of literature in a totally different realm surrounding the under-use of medication in treating mental health disorders in the foster care system. This article aims to put these two pieces of discourse in conversation with each other. In examining the use of medication in both of these institutions and the disproportionate rate of black and brown children in the foster care system, I analyze how race, class, and gender play a role in the prescription—or lack thereof—of medication for children of color. These contradicting approaches to treatment and medication illustrate the assumptions that are attached to children of color, and how these institutions ultimately were not made for children of color to survive or thrive. To better serve the needs of children in our country, these two institutions must be considered as co-actors in the system of perpetual social control exerted of youth of color

Implications of Screen Use in Young Children\u27s Occupations

Introduction: OTs need to address both the duration and quality of screen media children use, to promote their development and participation in healthy occupations

Association Between Child Poverty and Academic Achievement

Hair et al1 reported in the September 2015 issue of JAMA Pediatrics on the association between child poverty, brain development, and academic achievement. This study provided evidence that as much as 20% of poverty-associated achievement deficits may be a result of a maturation lag in the frontal lobe, the temporal lobe, and the hippocampus. The authors suggested that the results might underestimate the true effect of poverty on child development because they examined a relatively healthy sample of US children who, for the most part, differ only in terms of family income

Role of appetitive phenotype trajectory groups on child body weight during a family-based treatment for children with overweight or obesity.

ObjectiveEmerging evidence suggests that individual appetitive traits may usefully explain patterns of weight loss in behavioral weight loss treatments for children. The objective of this study was to identify trajectories of child appetitive traits and the impact on child weight changes over time.MethodsSecondary data analyses of a randomized noninferiority trial conducted between 2011 and 2015 evaluated children's appetitive traits and weight loss. Children with overweight and obesity (mean age = 10.4; mean BMI z = 2.0; 67% girls; 32% Hispanic) and their parent (mean age = 42.9; mean BMI = 31.9; 87% women; 31% Hispanic) participated in weight loss programs and completed assessments at baseline, 3, 6,12, and 24 months. Repeated assessments of child appetitive traits, including satiety responsiveness, food responsiveness and emotional eating, were used to identify parsimonious grouping of change trajectories. Linear mixed-effects models were used to identify the impact of group trajectory on child BMIz change over time.ResultsOne hundred fifty children and their parent enrolled in the study. The three-group trajectory model was the most parsimonious and included a high satiety responsive group (HighSR; 47.4%), a high food responsive group (HighFR; 34.6%), and a high emotional eating group (HighEE; 18.0%). Children in all trajectories lost weight at approximately the same rate during treatment, however, only the HighSR group maintained their weight loss during follow-ups, while the HighFR and HighEE groups regained weight (adjusted p-value < 0.05).ConclusionsDistinct trajectories of child appetitive traits were associated with differential weight loss maintenance. Identified high-risk subgroups may suggest opportunities for targeted intervention and maintenance programs

Role of appetitive phenotype trajectory groups on child body weight during a family-based treatment for children with overweight or obesity

OBJECTIVE:Emerging evidence suggests that individual appetitive traits may usefully explain patterns of weight loss in behavioral weight loss treatments for children. The objective of this study was to identify trajectories of child appetitive traits and the impact on child weight changes over time.METHODS:Secondary data analyses of a randomized noninferiority trial conducted between 2011 and 2015 evaluated children's appetitive traits and weight loss. Children with overweight and obesity (mean age = 10.4; mean BMI z = 2.0; 67% girls; 32% Hispanic) and their parent (mean age = 42.9; mean BMI = 31.9; 87% women; 31% Hispanic) participated in weight loss programs and completed assessments at baseline, 3, 6,12, and 24 months. Repeated assessments of child appetitive traits, including satiety responsiveness, food responsiveness and emotional eating, were used to identify parsimonious grouping of change trajectories. Linear mixed-effects models were used to identify the impact of group trajectory on child BMIz change over time.RESULTS:One hundred fifty children and their parent enrolled in the study. The three-group trajectory model was the most parsimonious and included a high satiety responsive group (HighSR; 47.4%), a high food responsive group (HighFR; 34.6%), and a high emotional eating group (HighEE; 18.0%). Children in all trajectories lost weight at approximately the same rate during treatment, however, only the HighSR group maintained their weight loss during follow-ups, while the HighFR and HighEE groups regained weight (adjusted p-value < 0.05).CONCLUSIONS:Distinct trajectories of child appetitive traits were associated with differential weight loss maintenance. Identified high-risk subgroups may suggest opportunities for targeted intervention and maintenance programs