Interrelationship Mining from a Viewpoint of Rough Sets on Two Universes

We discuss connections between the interrelationship mining, proposed by the authors, and rough sets on two universes. The interrelationship mining enable us to extract characteristics based on comparison between values of different attributes. Rough sets on two universes is an theoretical extension of the original rough sets by considering connection between two universes. In this paper, we point out that interrelationship between different attributes in the interrelationship mining is representable by a variant of rough sets on two universes

Addressing Complete New Item Cold-Start Recommendation: A Niche Item-Based Collaborative Filtering via Interrelationship Mining

Recommender system (RS) can be used to provide personalized recommendations based on the different tastes of users. Item-based collaborative filtering (IBCF) has been successfully applied to modern RSs because of its excellent performance, but it is susceptible to the new item cold-start problem, especially when a new item has no rating records (complete new item cold-start). Motivated by this, we propose a niche approach which applies interrelationship mining into IBCF in this paper. The proposed approach utilizes interrelationship mining to extract new binary relations between each pair of item attributes, and constructs interrelated attributes to rich the available information on a new item. Further, similarity, computed using interrelated attributes, can reflect characteristics between new items and others more accurately. Some significant properties, as well as the usage of interrelated attributes, are provided in detail. Experimental results obtained suggest that the proposed approach can effectively solve the complete new item cold-start problem of IBCF and can be used to provide new item recommendations with satisfactory accuracy and diversity in modern RSs.

Rough-Set-Based Interrelationship Mining for Incomplete Decision Tables

Rough-set-based interrelationship mining enables to extract characteristics by comparing the values of the same object between different attributes.To apply this interrelationship mining to incomplete decision tables with null values, in this study, we discuss the treatment of null values in interrelationships between attributes. We introduce three types of null values for interrelated condition attributes and formulate a similarity relation by such attributes with these null values

Algebraic Structures of Neutrosophic Triplets, Neutrosophic Duplets, or Neutrosophic Multisets

Neutrosophy (1995) is a new branch of philosophy that studies triads of the form (, , ), where is an entity {i.e. element, concept, idea, theory, logical proposition, etc.}, is the opposite of , while is the neutral (or indeterminate) between them, i.e., neither nor .Based on neutrosophy, the neutrosophic triplets were founded, which have a similar form (x, neut(x), anti(x)), that satisfy several axioms, for each element x in a given set.This collective book presents original research papers by many neutrosophic researchers from around the world, that report on the state-of-the-art and recent advancements of neutrosophic triplets, neutrosophic duplets, neutrosophic multisets and their algebraic structures – that have been defined recently in 2016 but have gained interest from world researchers. Connections between classical algebraic structures and neutrosophic triplet / duplet / multiset structures are also studied. And numerous neutrosophic applications in various fields, such as: multi-criteria decision making, image segmentation, medical diagnosis, fault diagnosis, clustering data, neutrosophic probability, human resource management, strategic planning, forecasting model, multi-granulation, supplier selection problems, typhoon disaster evaluation, skin lesson detection, mining algorithm for big data analysis, etc

Algebraic structures of neutrosophic triplets, neutrosophic duplets, or neutrosophic multisets. Volume II

The topics approached in this collection of papers are: neutrosophic sets; neutrosophic logic; generalized neutrosophic set; neutrosophic rough set; multigranulation neutrosophic rough set (MNRS); neutrosophic cubic sets; triangular fuzzy neutrosophic sets (TFNSs); probabilistic single-valued (interval) neutrosophic hesitant fuzzy set; neutro-homomorphism; neutrosophic computation; quantum computation; neutrosophic association rule; data mining; big data; oracle Turing machines; recursive enumerability; oracle computation; interval number; dependent degree; possibility degree; power aggregation operators; multi-criteria group decision-making (MCGDM); expert set; soft sets; LA-semihypergroups; single valued trapezoidal neutrosophic number; inclusion relation; Q-linguistic neutrosophic variable set; vector similarity measure; fundamental neutro-homomorphism theorem; neutro-isomorphism theorem; quasi neutrosophic triplet loop; quasi neutrosophic triplet group; BE-algebra; cloud model; fuzzy measure; clustering algorithm; and many more

The position of women in surveying

Chartered surveyors provide professional advice on all aspects of land use and development. Only 3% of surveyors are women, but they comprise over 15% of students. This study Investigates surveyors' attitudes towards women In the profession and society, and the implications for the nature of the built environment. A theoretical basis and model are developed, centred around the concept of a surveying subculture. The historical development of women's position In surveying is traced. The present day nature of surveying education and practice is Investigated based on a qualitative* sociological approach, using ethnographic methods and unstructured Interviewing. Examples from these sources are used to build up an Image of the subculture. to highlight conceptual linkages, and to illustrate the processes which determine women's vertical and horizontal progression and role, emphasising all the 'little' occurrences which are the building blocks of the subcultural edifice vis A vis women. Whilst these spatial (social) factors are central In Influencing what is built'. surveyors' 'spatial' attitudes to different land uses are also considered. The male majority obviously has the greater Influence on the built environment, but it was found that 'more$ women entering does not necessarily mean "better' or different'. Class could be as significant as gender: those who are the "right type" may be described as bourgeois feminist who seek to succeed in a man's world rather than alter It. Changes must be made within the organisational structure of the profession to enable more women to reach senior positions, and In surveyors" attitudes towards women and their needs. In order to alter the nature of the built environment for the benefit of Women whilst acknowledging the need to take fully into account the differences between and among women, as well as between man and women

Fuzzy Techniques for Decision Making 2018

Zadeh's fuzzy set theory incorporates the impreciseness of data and evaluations, by imputting the degrees by which each object belongs to a set. Its success fostered theories that codify the subjectivity, uncertainty, imprecision, or roughness of the evaluations. Their rationale is to produce new flexible methodologies in order to model a variety of concrete decision problems more realistically. This Special Issue garners contributions addressing novel tools, techniques and methodologies for decision making (inclusive of both individual and group, single- or multi-criteria decision making) in the context of these theories. It contains 38 research articles that contribute to a variety of setups that combine fuzziness, hesitancy, roughness, covering sets, and linguistic approaches. Their ranges vary from fundamental or technical to applied approaches

The hidden world of gaming: an exploration of pre-production design, hyperrealism, and its function in establishing conceptual and aesthetic visualisation, characterisation and narrative structure.

Masters Degree. University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg.Pre-production design in the video game industry is an extremely important and fundamental part of the pipeline production as it impacts the production, post-production and distribution phases of game development. It is what sets the foundation for the visual and narrative style of the project and, if done incorrectly, it can have adverse effects on the other phases of production, ultimately wasting time, money and contributing to the failure of a project being executed efficiently. The purpose of this study is to explore the impact of pre-production design on the video game industry as a whole and the effects that hyperrealism has had on the industry itself. To fully understand the context and importance of pre-production design, its history and origin will be explored. The two aspects of hyperrealism that I will be referring to and discussing are those of creating a reality that goes beyond true reality, and the integration of the constructed reality into one’s own natural reality. How does a game appear visually hyper-realistic. Where the visuals of the game can picture perfect and in fact sometime better than reality? Secondly, how does a game as a whole evoke the notion of hyperrealism as expressed by theorists like Umberto Eco and Jean Baudrillard where playing the game becomes a part of one’s life? The notion of leaving the game can be distressing as the player does not want to lose out on this aspect of the hyper-real simulation (or Simulacra) that has become a part of his life. As this study has a practice-based component, a set of character and creature designs will accompany my theoretical work as an exploration of pre-production design within the context of video games. This has been done in order to explore how design ties in with hyperrealism when looking at creature and character design. Gameplay mechanics have also been briefly considered as the character and creature designs will impact what is visually achievable in the game. Through investigation of both theoretical and practical applications, the study will conclude that pre-production design is imperative to the success of the making of a video game

On social knowledge, ideology and the nuclear power debate

Many of the issues and problems concerning the role of our frameworks and structures of reasoning in the guidance of the process of social and technological development are encapsulated in the debate about nuclear energy. This thesis takes that debate as a context for analysing the rationality of scientific knowledge of society and the role and influence of such knowledge in debate and decision-making about appropriate forms of social and technological development. After an introductory review of the historical, political and economic context of the issues and of the development of UK energy policy over the last 25 years, the body of the thesis is structured into two parts. In the first part, a critical examination of orthodox conceptions of scientific objectivity is followed by an attempt to elaborate an alternative conception of the nature of the rationality of social scientific knowledge founded upon the notions of 'value-contingency' and 'ideology'. This conception is developed through discussions of the role of social problem-solving in providing a basis for the process of knowledge development and of the role of the state in structuring the problem-solving process and the development of social knowledge to provide a complex 'technical' legitimatory framework. The concept of a dominant 'technocratic ideology' is then elaborated and an attempt made to identify and outline the major cognitive and normative components of this ideology. In particular it is conceived of as presenting interrelated ideological accounts of the appropriate form of knowledge development, of the content of the social world and of the appropriate form of knowledge utilisation, which are underpinned by 'materialistic', 'liberalist' and 'rationalist' normative traditions. The second part of the thesis analyses certain aspects of the debate about nuclear energy in order to attempt to identify the role and influence of the 'technocratic ideology' and its normative commitments as elaborated in the first part, with a view to assessing the validity and implications of such a conception. After a review of the major issues of controversy in the debate, covering the economic, safety, environmental, social and political implications of nuclear energy, an attempt is made to clarify and categorise the main dimensions of the dispute in terms of the perception and valuation of economic benefits and 'social costs'. Arguments in support of nuclear power are then examined, themes of 'technocratic rationality' identified and the implications for the conduct of the debate discussed. Two particular aspects of the debate are then examined in detail to identify the influence of normative, ideological themes. Firstly, pro-nuclear perceptions and interpretations of the energy problem are analysed and liberalist and materialist themes identified; in particular tendencies towards the establishment of 'materialist ethical imperatives' are highlighted. Secondly, aspects of the process of consideration of alternative means to the 'solution' of the energy problem are examined including illustrations of the value-contingent nature of the relevant social knowledge, an analysis of the treatment of the issue of demand-side solutions in pro-nuclear arguments, and a brief discussion of the implications of technocratic rationality for the evaluation of the costs and benefits of nuclear power. Finally, conclusions are drawn on the evidence for the influence of technocratic rationality and the normative themes identified, on the political implications of such dominant ideological themes and on limitations of the analysis and further research directions