Representation of industrial products in the early stages of design: Drawing and artistic expression in industrial design

Comunicació presentada a ICERI 2018 11th annual International Conference of Education, Research and Innovation (Seville, Spain. 12-14 November, 2018)Hand drawing is a basic tool for industrial designers, as it allows them to represent and communicate concepts in an agile way during the initial design phase. Although we can find subjects related to drawing in the first years of all university degrees in industrial design, the way to implement the necessary activities is not always the most appropriate, and it may happen that, despite having practiced sketching, at the end of the course the students do not have the necessary skills to communicate their ideas effectively or adequately represent the reality that surrounds them. This paper proposes twelve groups of activities designed to help industrial design students acquire skills related to hand drawing. The activities were implemented during the second course of the Degree in Industrial Design and Product Development Engineering at Universitat Jaume I, improving those implemented during the last course. The paper analyzes and discusses the positive results of the innovations introduced, which improved the mean grade of the course by 4.48% with respect to the grade obtained the previous year

Component Segmentation of Engineering Drawings Using Graph Convolutional Networks

We present a data-driven framework to automate the vectorization and machine interpretation of 2D engineering part drawings. In industrial settings, most manufacturing engineers still rely on manual reads to identify the topological and manufacturing requirements from drawings submitted by designers. The interpretation process is laborious and time-consuming, which severely inhibits the efficiency of part quotation and manufacturing tasks. While recent advances in image-based computer vision methods have demonstrated great potential in interpreting natural images through semantic segmentation approaches, the application of such methods in parsing engineering technical drawings into semantically accurate components remains a significant challenge. The severe pixel sparsity in engineering drawings also restricts the effective featurization of image-based data-driven methods. To overcome these challenges, we propose a deep learning based framework that predicts the semantic type of each vectorized component. Taking a raster image as input, we vectorize all components through thinning, stroke tracing, and cubic bezier fitting. Then a graph of such components is generated based on the connectivity between the components. Finally, a graph convolutional neural network is trained on this graph data to identify the semantic type of each component. We test our framework in the context of semantic segmentation of text, dimension and, contour components in engineering drawings. Results show that our method yields the best performance compared to recent image, and graph-based segmentation methods.Comment: Preprint accepted to Computers in Industr

Differences in engineers' brain activity when CAD modelling from isometric and orthographic projections

A way of presenting information in visual representations of technical systems influences the progress and the outcome of the engineering design process. Consequently, improving the means by and through which information is utilised during the process is one suggested approach to advancing engineering design. Engineers' interaction with visual representations of technical systems is mainly visual and virtual. Although such interactions are cognitively complex, little is known about cognition (mental information processing) underlying the utilisation of design information during engineering design. To narrow the research gap, this study explores how visual representations of technical systems affect engineers' brain activity while generating computer-aided design (CAD) models based on them. More precisely, the brain activity of 20 engineers is captured and analysed using electroencephalography (EEG) during the visuospatially-intensive design tasks of CAD modelling in two conditions; when technical systems are presented with orthographic and isometric projections in technical drawings. The results imply the sensitivity of engineers' brain activity in CAD modelling to the visual representation from which a technical system is interpreted. In particular, significant differences are found in theta, alpha, and beta task-related power (TRP) over the cortex when interpreting the technical drawings and CAD modelling from them. Furthermore, the results reveal significant differences in theta and alpha TRP when considering the individual electrodes, the cortical hemispheres, and the cortical areas. In particular, theta TRP over the right hemisphere and the frontal area seems essential in distinguishing neurocognitive responses to the orthographic and isometric projections. As such, the conducted exploratory study sets the foundations for exploring engineers' brain activity while performing visuospatially-intensive design tasks, whose segments are relatable to the aspects of visuospatial thinking. Future work will explore brain activity in other design activities that are highly visuospatial, with a larger sample size and an EEG device of a higher spatial resolution

Out of China: Monumental Porcelain

Working collaboratively with teams of local craftsmen in a Chinese manufactory in Jingdezhen, Aylieff has explored how technologies can be adapted to produce appropriate, original and unique contemporary sculptural expressions. Her research has resulted in artworks using an extreme scale not typically associated with porcelain. During a series of residencies in Jingdezhen, Aylieff investigated local traditional ‘blue and white’ ceramic techniques, including glaze application, decorative brushwork and firing methods. This body of research was primarily presented through four exhibitions, two with associated texts. ‘Out of China: Monumental Porcelain’ was an Arts Council-funded solo exhibition of work by Aylieff. During 2008–9, the exhibition toured to three venues: Barn Gallery, West Dean; Gallery Oldham, Manchester; and Lightbox Gallery, Woking. An associated book was published with text by Aylieff and an essay by Professor Emmanuel Cooper. ‘Contemporary Craft Comes to No.10’ was a joint exhibition of work shown at No.10 Downing Street in 2011. Aylieff was one of eight leading makers whose work was selected to be shown. Porcelain City Jingdezhen, a joint exhibition by Felicity Aylieff, Roger Law, Ah Xian, and Takeshi Yasuda was shown at the V&A Museum (2011-12). The exhibition focused on the rich language and history of Chinese porcelain and present-day life in Jingdezhen through contemporary ceramic production. The publication Porcelain City Jingdezhen, which accompanied the exhibition, included an essay by Aylieff: ‘Scooters, Buddhas and water lilies’. ‘China’s White Gold’, an exhibition held at the Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge (2012-13), featured eight of Aylieff’s pieces, including four monumental works. Pieces from the exhibitions were acquired by public institutions and for major international collections including the V&A; Shipley Art Gallery; York Museum, and Chatsworth House. During her residency at Jingdezhen, Aylieff was interviewed for the BBC4 television documentary Treasures of Chinese Porcelain (2011)

Переклад патентної документації США

Розглядається загальна характеристика патентної документації США; містить вправи на переклад титульної сторінки та повного опису винаходу; складання анотацій та рефератів англійською та українською мовами; зразки патентної документації, інформацію про довідниково-пошуковий апарат, цифрові коди для ідентифікації бібліографічних даних та англо-український патентний словник. Розраховано на студентів спеціальності "Переклад (англійська мова)" і аспірантів технічних спеціальностей.The book presents general characteristic of the USA patent documentation; contains exercises in translation of the title page, detailed description of the invention, drawings and claims; in writing abstracts of the specifications in English and Ukrainian; illustrations of patent documentation; information about a search report; ICIREPAT and INID codes, and an English–Ukrainian patent dictionary. For the students of "Translation and Interpreting" departments and post-graduate students of technical specialties

Functional Skills Support Programme: Developing functional skills in design and technology

This booklet is part of "... a series of 11 booklets which helps schools to implement functional skills across the curriculum. The booklets illustrate how functional skills can be applied and developed in different subjects and contexts, supporting achievement at Key Stage 3 and Key Stage 4. Each booklet contains an introduction to functional skills for subject teachers, three practical planning examples with links to related websites and resources, a process for planning and a list of additional resources to support the teaching and learning of functional skills." - The National Strategies website

INSTRUMENTS OF POWER Developing and Applying Diplomatic Analysis to Enhance Archival Interpretation and Research Uses of Technical Drawings

This study presents a solution to the difficulties of making historical technical drawings available for research. In archives services, such hard-copy drawings are frequently found to be much less manageable than other forms of archival record. Technical drawings can be very complicated intellectually, while also being large and awkward to handle. Archival effort might thus be directed towards making less difficult forms of record available for research. These problems, which impede access to research resources, have not been attended to in the literature. A new way of understanding technical drawings has been created through an innovative development of diplomatic analysis. Traditionally used for historical text analysis, diplomatic has not been applied previously to graphical records such as technical drawings. With this theoretical lens, and statistical techniques, the research design followed the principles of mixed methods methodology. The core of the study comprised a detailed quantitative survey and analysis of a statistical sample of C20th technical drawings. Language was found to be the key to their better understanding. A model was developed to translate the language of technical drawing concepts and characteristics into archival terms. The survey’s statistically robust and replicable results identified concepts and characteristics that were generic, or nearly so. When interpreted and described, those ubiquitous elements will provide a means to enhance understanding of technical drawings held as archives. The research results therefore provide a sound basis for drafting practical guidance for interpreting and processing such technical drawings. That guidance will help to make technical drawings more accessible to researchers. Diplomatic theory has been extended by this research. The utility of diplomatic’s application to graphical records has been demonstrated. So, too, has diplomatic’s extension to records capable of being reprographically reproduced. Unexpectedly, questions have arisen for technical drawings’ certification and authorisation in their original contexts of use. The robust research design and methodology that has been developed is capable of generalisation in future research

Mapping the Design Criterion Framework for Museum Exhibition Design Project

Currently, museums are struggling to develop and present their expertise by focusing on the interactive relationship with museum visitors. In order to meet the needs of museum exhibitions, an efficient and workable design process is of primary importance in order to work to develop high quality museum exhibitions. It would be advantageous to generate a design method which allows designers and curators to undertake design work in the context of museum exhibition project. Based on an empirical analysis, this paper suggests that a systematic transformation develops specific aspects of detailed design to carry out its principle, and that the implementation of these aspects can be viewed as a process of organizational criteria of museum exhibition design projects. The paper is concerned with design process in organizations seeking to act systematic criteria in the design activity on the application of museum exhibition project development in complex theories. In particular, this study is developed to address the following objectives: a) To identify the characteristics and concepts of the design activity as they relate to museum exhibition design; b) To contribute to a more complete understanding of design process by developing guidelines for adoption in projects. c) To establish the benefits of the application of design guide theory to the practice of museum exhibition design; Keywords: Museum Exhibition; Design Criteria; Design Process</p

Making meaning: developing an understanding of form in distance design education

Design education throughout the world provides students with a variety of experiences that help them develop an understanding of form and shape. The conventional model of such education requires students to participate in studio and workshop-based projects to develop skills through the creation of models and prototypes. However, with the increase in distance education worldwide we need to explore new ways for students to create and manipulate form remotely. This paper presents new work at the Open University, UK which set out to engage design students in form-making from a distance. Participants were given access to technical and design support that took rough sketches of chair designs and converted these into tangible scale models which were mailed back to the students. Several cycles of this activity generated data on how such supported modelling activity stimulated students' creative ability, design knowledge and motivation. This paper proposes new priorities for distance design education