Comments on IRS Announcement 2000-84 Regarding the Need for Guidance Clarifying the Application of the Internal Revenue Code To Use of the Internet by Exempt Organizations

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The Fog Makes Sense: Enabling Social Sensing Services With Limited Internet Connectivity

Social sensing services use humans as sensor carriers, sensor operators and sensors themselves in order to provide situation-awareness to applications. This promises to provide a multitude of benefits to the users, for example in the management of natural disasters or in community empowerment. However, current social sensing services depend on Internet connectivity since the services are deployed on central Cloud platforms. In many circumstances, Internet connectivity is constrained, for instance when a natural disaster causes Internet outages or when people do not have Internet access due to economical reasons. In this paper, we propose the emerging Fog Computing infrastructure to become a key-enabler of social sensing services in situations of constrained Internet connectivity. To this end, we develop a generic architecture and API of Fog-enabled social sensing services. We exemplify the usage of the proposed social sensing architecture on a number of concrete use cases from two different scenarios.Comment: Ruben Mayer, Harshit Gupta, Enrique Saurez, and Umakishore Ramachandran. 2017. The Fog Makes Sense: Enabling Social Sensing Services With Limited Internet Connectivity. In Proceedings of The 2nd International Workshop on Social Sensing, Pittsburgh, PA, USA, April 21 2017 (SocialSens'17), 6 page

Limits To Certainty in QoS Pricing and Bandwidth

Advanced services require more reliable bandwidth than currently provided by the Internet Protocol, even with the reliability enhancements provided by TCP. More reliable bandwidth will be provided through QoS (quality of service), as currently discussed widely. Yet QoS has some implications beyond providing ubiquitous access to advance Internet service, which are of interest from a policy perspective. In particular, what are the implications for price of Internet services? Further, how will these changes impact demand and universal service for the Internet. This paper explores the relationship between certainty of bandwidth and certainty of price for Internet services over a statistically shared network and finds that these are mutually exclusive goals.Comment: 29th TPRC Conference, 200

Characterisation of real GPRS traffic with analytical tools

With GPRS and UMTS networks lunched, wireless multimedia services are commercially becoming the most attractive applications next to voice. Because of the nature of bursty, packet-switched schemes and multiple data rates, the traditional Erlang approach and Poisson models for characterising voice-centric services traffic are not suitable for studying wireless multimedia services traffic. Therefore, research on the characterisation of wireless multimedia services traffic is very challenging. The typical reference for the study of wireless multimedia services traffic is wired Internet services traffic. However, because of the differences in network protocol, bandwidth, and QoS requirements between wired and wireless services, their traffic characterisations may not be similar. Wired network Internet traffic shows self-similarity, long-range dependence and its file sizes exhibit heavy-tailedness. This paper reports the use of existing tools to analyse real GPRS traffic data to establish whether wireless multimedia services traffic have similar properties as wired Internet services traffic

Web-Based Student Processes at Community Colleges: Removing Barriers to Access

Colleges and universities are making extensive use of the Internet for collecting admission and financial aid applications. Benefits from online application services are enjoyed by both the educational institution and the prospec¬tive student who applies online. It is vital that web sites offering these services be made accessible so that students with disabilities are afforded the same benefits of online applications as their non-disabled peers. Cornell University’s Employment and Disability Institute was funded by the U.S. Department of Education’s National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research (NIDRR) to conduct a project with the following three objectives: 1) survey student services professionals at community colleges to examine the extent of use of the internet for providing services and the awareness of internet accessibility issues, 2) evaluate a sample of community college websites for accessibility and usability by students with and without disabilities, and 3) develop a toolkit for improving access to internet-based services at community colleges

Performance impact of web services on Internet servers

While traditional Internet servers mainly served static and later also dynamic content, the popularity of Web services is increasing rapidly. Web services incorporate additional overhead compared to traditional web interaction. This overhead increases the demand on Internet servers which is of particular importance when the request rate to the server is high. We conduct experiments that show that the imposed overhead of Web services is non-negligible during server overload. In our experiments the response time for Web services is more than 30% higher and the server throughput more than 25% lower compared to traditional web interaction using dynamically created HTML pages

Fog computing, applications , security and challenges, review

The internet of things originates a world where on daily basis objects can join the internet and interchange information and in addition process, store, gather them from the nearby environment, and effectively mediate on it. A remarkable number of services might be imagined by abusing the internet of things. Fog computing which is otherwise called edge computing was introduced in 2012 as a considered is a prioritized choice for the internet of things applications. As fog computing extend services of cloud near to the edge of the network and make possible computations, communications, and storage services in proximity to the end user. Fog computing cannot only provide low latency, location awareness but also enhance real-time applications, quality of services, mobility, security and privacy in the internet of things applications scenarios. In this paper, we will summarize and overview fog computing model architecture, characteristic, similar paradigm and various applications in real-time scenarios such as smart grid, traffic control system and augmented reality. Finally, security challenges are presented

The Bulgarian Banks' competitiveness: the case of Remote banking

The new information technologies adoption and e-commerce emergence change the role of financial intermediaries in new E-conomy. During the last years, the banks have started an expansion to the web – they offer broad range of traditional bank products and services via Internet. The remote banking becomes one of the main channels for bank services distribution. This paper presents results from a research, which aims to describe actual picture of remote banking products and services offered by Bulgarian banks. They are estimated in accordance with the criteria as: web site availability; information for bank products and services available via Internet; online application forms; online banking application; other online/remote services. In spite of the small number of Bulgarian banks, which offer their products and services via Internet, the research shows that Bulgarian banks as a whole are presented in Internet, as well as indicates that banks estimate the potential and competitive advantages of the new medium.Banks, Internet, Online services, Remote banking, E-commerce, Bulgaria

New “Unbundling” Rules: Will the FCC Finally Open Up Cable Broadband?

This iBrief discusses a recent Court of Appeals decision remanding FCC rules on the unbundling of Internet services by telephone exchange carriers. These rules ordered many Internet service providers to share their equipment with competitors, so that consumers could choose their providers instead of having to accept all services from the company who installed the physical Internet connection. Cable Internet providers are not included in these rules. This iBrief predicts that cable broadband operators will soon be governed by the same unbundling provisions as other ISPs

Mobile Internet Applications, Infrastructure and Services

Mobile communication and the mobile Internet can provide important opportunities, economic advantages for enterprises end organisations and support their more efficient operating as they can be used anytime and anywhere. We can make their wide spread use, innovative effects and advantages economical if we consider the effect system of technologies and services. The technological, social and economical complex effect system puts a pressure on the spreading of business applications. The types of applicable equipment are increasing. The Internet technology and the Internet network have become essential communication tools in business processes recently. Using the Internet by means of mobile appliances increases the possibilities. By studying the business process the expenses, advantages, disadvantages can well be seen. Nowadays these applications are more and more successful in areas such as agriculture, different parts of the food industry, extension services, precision agriculture and logistics. It can be stated that the international and the Hungarian development tendencies of the mobile Internet, the RTD Programmes of EU help the wide-spread use of mobile services. The rapid development of the Hungarian domestic mobile market over the last years is the basis for the wide spread use of new broadband mobile services and applications. This system can contribute to the development of agriculture, enterprises and rural areas and can support production, commerce, services and product tracing. But for successful applications we have to consider the impact factors