14,335 research outputs found
Effects of Electron-Electron and Electron-Phonon Interactions in Weakly Disordered Conductors and Heterostuctures
We investigate quantum corrections to the conductivity due to the
interference of electron-electron (electron-phonon) scattering and elastic
electron scattering in weakly disordered conductors. The electron-electron
interaction results in a negative -correction in a 3D conductor. In
a quasi-two-dimensional conductor, ( is the thickness, is
the Fermi velocity), with 3D electron spectrum this correction is linear in
temperature and differs from that for 2D electrons (G. Zala et. al., Phys.
Rev.B {\bf 64}, 214204 (2001)) by a numerical factor. In a
quasi-one-dimensional conductor, temperature-dependent correction is
proportional to . The electron interaction via exchange of virtual phonons
also gives -correction. The contribution of thermal phonons interacting
with electrons via the screened deformation potential results in -term and
via unscreened deformation potential results in -term. The interference
contributions dominate over pure electron-phonon scattering in a wide
temperature range, which extends with increasing disorder.Comment: 6 pages, 2figure
Gulliver project: performers and visitors
This paper discusses two projects in our research environment. The Gulliver
project, an ambitious project conceived by some artists connected to our
research efforts, and the Aveiro-project, as well ambitious, but with goals
that can be achieved beause of technological developments, rather than be
dependent on artistic and 'political' (read: financial) sources. Both projects
are on virtual and augmented reality. The main goal is to design inhabited
environments, where 'inhabited' refers to autonomous agents and agents that
represent humans, realtime or off-line, visiting the virtual environment and
interacting with other agents. The Gulliver environment has been designed by
two artists: Matjaz Stuk and Alena Hudcovicova. The Aveiro project is a research
effort of a group of researchers trying to design models of intelligence and
interaction underlying the behavior of (groups of) agents inhabiting virtual
worlds. In this paper we survey the current state of both projects and we
discuss current and future attempts to have music performances by virtual and
real performers in these environments
Virtual Conductor for String Quartet Practice
This paper presents a system that emulates an ensemble conductor for string quartets. This application has been developed as a support tool for individual and group practice, so that users of any age range can use it to further hone their skills, both for regular musicians and students
alike. The virtual conductor designed can offer similar indications to those given by a real ensemble conductor to potential users regarding beat times, dynamics, etc. The application developed allows the user to rehearse his/her
performance without the need of having an actual conductor present, and also gives access to additional tools to further support the learning/practice process, such as a tuner
or a melody evaluator. The system developed also allows for both solo practice and group practice. A set of tests were conducted to check the usefulness of the application as a practice support tool. A group of musicians from the
Chamber Orchestra of Malaga including an ensemble conductor tested the system, and reported to have found it a very useful tool within an educational environment and that it helps to address the lack of this kind of educational tools in a self-learning environment.This work has been funded by the Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad of the Spanish Government under Project No. TIN2010-21089-C03- 02 and Project No. IPT-2011-0885-430000 and by the Ministerio de Industria, Turismo y Comercio under Project No. TSI-090100-2011-25
Can nothing be a superconductor and a superfluid?
A superconductor is a material that conducts electric current with no
resistance. Superconductivity and magnetism are known to be antagonistic
phenomena: superconductors expel weak external magnetic field (the Meissner
effect) while a sufficiently strong magnetic field, in general, destroys
superconductivity. In a seemingly contradictory statement, we show that a very
strong magnetic field can turn an empty space into a superconductor. The
external magnetic field required for this effect should be about 10^{16} Tesla
(eB ~ 1 GeV^2). The physical mechanism of the exotic vacuum superconductivity
is as follows: in strong magnetic field the dynamics of virtual quarks and
antiquarks is effectively one-dimensional because these electrically charged
particles tend to move along the lines of the magnetic field. In one spatial
dimension a gluon-mediated attraction between a quark and an antiquark of
different flavors inevitably leads to formation of a colorless spin-triplet
bound state (a vector analogue of the Cooper pair) with quantum numbers of an
electrically charged rho meson. Such quark-antiquark pairs condense to form an
anisotropic inhomogeneous superconducting state similar to the Abrikosov vortex
lattice in a type-II superconductor. The onset of the superconductivity of the
charged rho mesons should also induce an inhomogeneous superfluidity of the
neutral rho mesons. The vacuum superconductivity should survive at very high
temperatures of typical Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) scale of 10^{12} K (T ~
100 MeV). We propose the phase diagram of QCD in the plane "magnetic field -
temperature".Comment: 10 pages, 5 figures, contribution to the proceedings of the workshop
"The many faces of QCD", 2-5 November 2010, Gent, Belgiu
Excess Kondo resonance in a quantum dot device with normal and superconducting leads: the physics of Andreev-normal co-tunneling
We report on a novel Kondo phenomenon of interacting quantum dots coupled
asymmetrically to a normal and a superconducting lead. The effects of intradot
Coulomb interaction and Andreev tunneling give rise to Andreev bound
resonances. As a result, a new type of co-tunneling process which we term
Andreev-normal co-tunneling, is predicted. At low temperatures, coherent
superposition of these co-tunneling processes induces a Kondo effect in which
Cooper pairs directly participate formation of a spin singlet, leading to four
Kondo resonance peaks in the local density of states, and enhancing the
tunneling current.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures, Late
Many-body effects between unbosonized excitons
We here give a brief survey of our new many-body theory for composite
excitons, as well as some of the results we have already obtained using it. In
view of them, we conclude that, in order to fully trust the results one finds,
interacting excitons should not be bosonized: Indeed, all effective bosonic
Hamiltonians (even the hermitian ones !) can miss terms as large as the ones
they generate; they can even miss the dominant term, as in problems dealing
with optical nonlinearities
Creation of nonlocal spin-entangled electrons via Andreev tunneling, Coulomb blockade and resonant transport
We discuss several scenarios for the creation of nonlocal spin-entangled
electrons which provide a source of electronic Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR)
pairs. The central idea is to exploit the spin correlations naturally present
in superconductors in form of Cooper pairs. We show that nonlocal
spin-entanglement in form of an effective Heisenberg spin interaction is
induced between electron spins residing on two quantum dots with no direct
coupling between them but each of them being tunnel-coupled to the same
superconductor. We then discuss a nonequilibrium setup where mobile and
nonlocal spin-entanglement can be created by coherent injection of two
electrons in an Andreev tunneling process into two spatially separated quantum
dots and subsequently into two Fermi-liquid leads. The current for injecting
two spin-entangled electrons into different leads shows a resonance whereas
tunneling via the same dot into the same lead is suppressed by the Coulomb
blockade effect of the quantum dots. The Aharonov-Bohm oscillations in the
current are shown to contain h/e and h/2e periods. Finally we discuss a
structure consisting of a superconductor weakly coupled to two separate
Luttinger liquid leads. We show that strong correlations again suppress the
coherent subsequent tunneling of two electrons into the same lead, thus
generating again nonlocal spin-entangled electrons.Comment: 15 pages, 6 figures; proceedings Spintronics conference 2001,
Georgetown-University, Washington D
Non-analytic behavior of the Casimir force across a Lifshitz transition in a spin-orbit coupled material
We propose the Casimir effect as a general method to observe Lifshitz
transitions in electron systems. The concept is demonstrated with a planar
spin-orbit coupled semiconductor in a magnetic field. We calculate the Casimir
force between two such semiconductors and between the semiconductor and a metal
as a function of the Zeeman splitting in the semiconductor. The Zeeman field
causes a Fermi pocket in the semiconductor to form or collapse by tuning the
system through a topological Lifshitz transition. We find that the Casimir
force experiences a kink at the transition point and noticeably different
behaviors on either side of the transition. The simplest experimental
realization of the proposed effect would involve a metal-coated sphere
suspended from a micro-cantilever above a thin layer of InSb (or another
semiconductor with large -factor). Numerical estimates are provided and
indicate that the effect is well within experimental reach.Comment: 5 pages + 6 page supplement; 5 figure
- …