Program latihan industri di Kolej Universiti Teknologi Tun Hussein Onn : kajian terhadap perlaksanaan sistem penilaian

Kajian yang dijalankan adalah bertajuk "Program Lalilian lndustri Di Kolej Universiti Teknologi Tun Hussein Onn : Kajian Terhadap Perlaksanaan Sistem Penilaian". Sampel terdin daripada 6 orang pakar serta 63 orang pelajar yang terlibat dalam latihan industri. Maklumat yang diperolehi berdasarkan kaedah kualitatif dan kuantitatif Data dianalisis untuk meninjau kaedah penilaian yang dijalankan dan seterusnya memastikan apakali sistem penilaian yang perlu diperbaiki. Secara keseluruhannya, kebanyakan responden berpendapat bahawa sistem penilaian yang sedia ada adalah perlu diperbaki dan disistematikkan selaras dengan ISO 9000 : 2001. Berdasarkan daripada keputusan yang diperolehi dan bimbingnan pakar dari Unit Latihan lndustri KUiTTHO, maka satu "Buku Panduan Penilaian Latihan lndustri" dihasilkan dengan panduan yang ringkas dan lampiran borang-borang yang telah diperbaiki dan diubahsuai. Diharapkan produk mi dapat digunakan untuk masa-masa akan datang

Application of Advanced Early Warning Systems with Adaptive Protection

This project developed and field-tested two methods of Adaptive Protection systems utilizing synchrophasor data. One method detects conditions of system stress that can lead to unintended relay operation, and initiates a supervisory signal to modify relay response in real time to avoid false trips. The second method detects the possibility of false trips of impedance relays as stable system swings “encroach” on the relays’ impedance zones, and produces an early warning so that relay engineers can re-evaluate relay settings. In addition, real-time synchrophasor data produced by this project was used to develop advanced visualization techniques for display of synchrophasor data to utility operators and engineers

Coordination of time-overcurrent relays for high-speed power line protection

A properly coordinated protection system is essential to ensure that an electricity distribution network can operate within its requirements, regarding the safety of a power system. Automatic operation is necessary to isolate faults on a power system in a minimum time. The study of time coordination of relays suggests improved ways of power line protection. The protection must be sensitive enough to operate when a fault occurs under minimum fault conditions, yet be stable enough not to operate when its associated equipment is carrying the maximum rated current, which may be a short-time value. A power system is used as an example of time coordination of distance relays that are responsible for clearing any possible faults. The communication of the protection relays is associated with the backup protection which is responsible for covering the failure of the main protection system. In addition, the reliability of the power system is improved by establishing the right relay communication and settings

Hardware-In-Loop Evaluation of Microgrid Protection Schemes

Distributed energy resources are becoming more common in distribution systems. Higher energy prices and increased interest in alternative energy sources are two of the driving forces behind this trend. Local utilities, however, anticipate very serious distribution system protection problems resulting from high penetration of these resources. The microgrid concept has been proposed as a possible solution to integrating distributed energy resources without adversely impacting the distribution system. Protection schemes have been proposed to work within this microgrid structure, but very little testing with real hardware is available. Without a practical solution for microgrid protection, backed by extensive studies, microgrids are unlikely to receive wide acceptance. This thesis outlines modeling of microgrids for protection testing using a real time digital simulator. In addition, the construction of a low voltage, low power, hardware-in-loop test bed using relays and an automation controller is detailed. The results of testing possible microgrid protection schemes using this apparatus are presented along with conclusions and suggestions for future work

Investigation into open phase faults on transmission circuits.

Masters Degree. University of KwaZulu-Natal Natal, Durban.Open phase faults are not commonly encountered on the South African power transmission systems. However, when these faults do occur it results in major power system interruptions and spurious tripping of healthy (circuits without faults) circuits to trip without giving any indication of the type or location of the fault. This results in lengthy restoration times to find the open phase fault without any fault detection devices. The intention of this study was to investigate open phase faults and assess the impact thereof. An investigation was conducted on an open phase fault on the bussection of the transmission high voltage yard at Koeberg Power Station. The investigation utilised the Koeberg network configuration, power system data, and protection settings in order to simulate the fault and validate the results with the simulation model. The simulation model was tested by simulating short circuit faults with the current feeder circuit protection scheme characteristics and settings. The results of the investigation confirmed that the current feeder protection schemes do not take open phase fault detection into account. The back-up earth-fault protection which is normally utilised to detect and trip for high resistance faults, did indeed detect and trip for open phase faults where the unbalance currents summation was above the minimum setting threshold of 300 A although the fault clearing times was extremely long. However, this was not the case for all instances. The feeder tripped due to zero sequence currents instead of negative sequence currents. In addition the impact of open phase faults was investigated on the Koeberg generator circuit to confirm that the generator would be protected against negative sequence currents and trip based on the generator protection philosophy, the coordinated and configure generator protection settings. The literature research comprised of the present feeder protection philosophies, a review of currently used feeder protection schemes, available new feeder protection schemes, technologies available or technologies that have the potential to detect an open phase fault. An evaluation of the currently used protection schemes and new protection schemes available was conducted. Considerations with respect to the protection scheme flexibility, adaptability with regards to coordination and configuration of the protection scheme in conjunction with the feeder protection philosophies, modifications and additions to the current feeder protection schemes were considered

Voltage dip mitigation for motor starters using an adaptive high speed relay protection on the high voltage transmission system

Currently, the aging state of the protection systems for industrial facilities is calling for a system-wide review of the equipment and the protection schemes used in all these places, calling for a new approach in the design and implementation of these systems. Some of these facilities house critical processes that can be seriously affected by a misoperation of equipment or a disturbance in the system, aspects ranging from safety of plant workers to millions of dollars in loss of production. In this thesis different contingency situations were explored for problems in the utility transmission system that could affect large industrial facilities with continuing critical processes. Different situations were analyzed including, but not limited to, disturbances caused by momentary short circuits and different types of faults in the system. In this thesis for each scenario, one communication aided protective scheme was developed to provide the best adaptive protection to meet the needs of the industrial plant and automatically adapt and protect the industrial facility, and basically keep the electric equipment running. The developed protection scheme then was verified in comparison between one test case using digital simulation by ASPEN ONELINER and using a DOBLE power system simulator on one open loop case simulation using a real scale model with real time data acquisition

The Impact of Transmission Protection System Reliability on Power System Resilience

Power transmission operation regimes are being changed for various technical and economic reasons seeking an improved power system resilience as a goal. However, some of these changes introduce new challenges in maintaining conventional transmission protection system dependability and security when meeting the operating complexities affecting power system resilience. Frequently evolving network topology, as a result of multiple switching actions for corrective, predictive and post event purposes, as well as high penetration of distributed generation into the system are considered as major contradictory changes from the legacy transmission protection standpoint. This research investigates the above-mentioned challenges and proposes effective solutions to improve the transmission protection reliability facing the above-mentioned risks and power system resilience consequently. A fundamental protection scheme based on the Hierarchically Coordinated Protection (HCP) concept is proposed to illustrate various approaches to predictive, adaptive and corrective protection actions aimed at improving power system resilience. Novel computation techniques as well as intelligent machine-learning algorithms are employed in proposing predictive, adaptive, and corrective solutions which fit various layers of the HCP concept and incorporate a fundamental HCP-based approach to supervise the legacy transmission protection function for a dynamic balance between dependability and security. The proposed predictive, adaptive, and corrective protection approaches are tested and verified on various systems, including real-life and IEEE test systems, and their performance effectiveness is compared with the state of the art