Evaluation of the susceptibility of the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum, to a selection of novel biorational insecticides using an artificial diet

An improved technique was developed to assay the toxicity of insecticides against aphids using an artificial diet. The susceptibility of the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) (Hemiptera: Aphidoidea) was determined for a selection of novel biorational insecticides, each representing a novel mode of action. Flonicamid, a novel systemic insecticide with selective activity as feeding blocker against sucking insects, showed high toxicity against first-instar A. pisum nymphs with an LC50 of 20.4 mu g/ml after 24 h, and of 0.24 mu g/ml after 72 h. The toxicity was compared with another feeding blocker, pymetrozine, and the neonicotinoid, imidacloprid. In addition, four insect growth regulators were tested. The chitin synthesis inhibitor flufenoxuron, the juvenile hormone analogue pyriproxyfen, and the azadirachtin compound Neem Azal-T/S showed strong effects and reduced the aphid population by 50% after 3 days of treatment at a concentration of 7-9 mu g/ml. The ecdysone agonist tested, halofenozide, was less potent. In conclusion, the improved aphid feeding apparatus can be useful as a miniature screening device for insecticides against different aphid pests. The present study demonstrated rapid and strong toxicity of flonicamid, and other biorational insecticides towards A. pisum

Efficacy of different insecticides against the woolly apple aphid (Eriosoma lanigerum)

Questions: Efficacy of different Insecticides against the woolly apple aphid (Eriosoma lanigerum

First experiences in the application of biopreparations against the cherry fruit fly in Southern Russia in 2007

On the Russian market there are no currently registered biological preparations for the control of Rhagoletis cerasi (cherry fruit fly, CFF), and therefore the effects of natural products against this pest were studied. In laboratory, semi-field and field experiments a range of botanicals (NeemAzal-T/S and Quassia-MD) were tested alone and in combination with comparison product Phytoverm and chemical standard insecticides for their effectiveness against R. cerasi in commercial orchards. These products showed a high biological effectiveness against R. cerasi comparable with chemical insecticides

First Record of \u3ci\u3eAphis Helianthi\u3c/i\u3e (Homoptera: Aphididae) as a Pest of Celery

In 1989, the aphid Aphis helianthi severely damaged five of 10 scouted celery fields in west central Michigan. In 1990 and in 1991, A. helianthi again was a problem. reaching pestiferous levels in three of 10 and two of 10 scouted fields. respectively. This insect has not been reported previously as a pest of celery or any other commercial crop. Insecticide efficacy studies showed that some of the most commonly used insecticides are ineffective against A. helianthi. Resistance or tolerance to insecticides may explain its new status as a pest

Some Observations on Insecticide Resistance

A model for development of resistance to an insecticide in an insect population is presented. The rate of development of resistance increased with increases in the proportion of the breeding population exposed to the insecticide and with increases in the survival from exposure to the insecticide. Restricting application of insecticides to an only if needed basis and, within limits, dosages that assure minimal survival of the exposed insects are suggested as means of impeding resistance to insecticides. The huge gene pools represented by the large populations of pest species are assumed to maintain insecticide resistance as a continuing problem in crop protection

Gypsy Moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae): History of Eradication Efforts in Michigan, 1954-1981

Gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar, was first discovered in Michigan in 1954, Aerial spraying operations were conducted to eradicate gypsy moth infestations with synthetic insecticides (DDT, carbaryl, and diflubenzuron)

Monitoring resistance of Cydia pomonella (L.) Spanish field populations to new chemical insecticides and the mechanisms involved

BACKGROUND: A widespread resistance of Cydia pomonella to organophosphates was demonstrated in populations from the Spanish Ebro Valley area that showed high levels of enzymatic detoxification. To determine the efficacy of new insecticides, neonate larvae bioassays were carried out on twenty field codling moth populations collected from three different Spanish apple production areas. Synergist bioassays were performed to detect the enzymatic mechanisms involved. RESULTS: The least active ingredients were methoxyfenozide, with 100% of the populations showing significantly lower mortality than the susceptible strain, and lambda-cyhalothrin, with very high resistant ratios (872.0 for the most resistant field population). Approximately 50% of the populations were resistant or tolerant to thiacloprid. By contrast, tebufenozide was very effective in all the field populations, as was chlorpyrifos-ethyl despite its widespread use during the last few years. Indoxacarb, spinosad and chlorantraniliprole also provided high efficacy, as did emamectin and spinetoram, which are not yet registered in Spain. CONCLUSION: The resistant Spanish codling moth populations can be controlled using new reduced-risk insecticides. The use of synergists showed the importance of the concentration applied and the difficulty of interpreting the results in field populations that show multiple resistance to different active ingredients.The authors would like to express their sincere thanks to the fruit growers who gave us access to their orchards and to the grower advisors of the areas (plant defense area technicians), who helped identify the best orchards for the assays, and Mònica Pérez for her technical help. This study was partially supported by grants AGL2013-49164 and AGL2016-77373 of the Spanish Ministry for Science and Innovation and by the CERCA Programme / Generalitat de Catalunya

Efficacy of Three Insecticides Applied to Bark to Control \u3ci\u3eAgrilus Planipennis\u3c/i\u3e (Coleoptera: Buprestidae)

Emerald ash borer (EAB), Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), is a serious exotic pest of ash (Fraxinus) trees in North America. In 2003 and 2004, we tested the efficacy of different insecticides sprayed on the bark of cut ash logs for killing emerging EAB adults. Logs (means: length = 30 cm; diam. = 16 cm) were cut from infested ash trees and treated prior to adult emergence. In 2003, we applied imidacloprid at 2 times its label rate to logs 5 days before adults began emerging from logs stored indoors. No adults successfully emerged from the imidacloprid treated logs, while an average of 108 adults per m2 emerged from untreated control logs. In 2004, we tested perme- thrin and bifenthrin at their label rates, and imidacloprid at its label rate and at 2 times its label rate. Logs (means: length = 25 cm; diam. = 12 cm) infested with EAB and stored outdoors were sprayed once or twice 4-5 wk prior to adult emergence; or once or twice 1-2 wk prior to adult emergence. Overall, mean percent adult mortality was higher for treated logs (90% mortality) compared to control logs (17%). Logs that received two applications had significantly higher mean percent mortality compared with logs that received one application. There was no significant difference in percent adult mortality among the three chemicals tested or between timing of application. In conclusion, permethrin, imidacloprid and bifenthrin were very effective at killing adult EAB emerging from cut logs, and were most effective when applied twice 1-5 wk prior to initial adult emergence