592 research outputs found
From Models to Simulations
This book analyses the impact computerization has had on contemporary science and explains the origins, technical nature and epistemological consequences of the current decisive interplay between technology and science: an intertwining of formalism, computation, data acquisition, data and visualization and how these factors have led to the spread of simulation models since the 1950s.
Using historical, comparative and interpretative case studies from a range of disciplines, with a particular emphasis on the case of plant studies, the author shows how and why computers, data treatment devices and programming languages have occasioned a gradual but irresistible and massive shift from mathematical models to computer simulations
China's absorptive State: research, innovation and the prospects for China-UK collaboration
China's innovation system is advancing so rapidly in multiple directions that the UK needs to develop a more ambitious and tailored strategy, able to maximise opportunities and minimise risks across the diversity of its innovation links to China. For the UK, the choice is not whether to engage more deeply with the Chinese system, but how.
This report analyses the policies, prospects and dilemmas for Chinese research and innovation over the next decade. It is designed to inform a more strategic approach to supporting China-UK collaboration
Simple Local Computation Algorithms for the General Lovasz Local Lemma
We consider the task of designing Local Computation Algorithms (LCA) for
applications of the Lov\'{a}sz Local Lemma (LLL). LCA is a class of sublinear
algorithms proposed by Rubinfeld et al.~\cite{Ronitt} that have received a lot
of attention in recent years. The LLL is an existential, sufficient condition
for a collection of sets to have non-empty intersection (in applications,
often, each set comprises all objects having a certain property). The
ground-breaking algorithm of Moser and Tardos~\cite{MT} made the LLL fully
constructive, following earlier results by Beck~\cite{beck_lll} and
Alon~\cite{alon_lll} giving algorithms under significantly stronger LLL-like
conditions. LCAs under those stronger conditions were given in~\cite{Ronitt},
where it was asked if the Moser-Tardos algorithm can be used to design LCAs
under the standard LLL condition. The main contribution of this paper is to
answer this question affirmatively. In fact, our techniques yield LCAs for
settings beyond the standard LLL condition
Space proof complexity for random 3-CNFs
We investigate the space complexity of refuting 3-CNFs in Resolution and algebraic systems. We prove that every Polynomial Calculus with Resolution refutation of a random 3-CNF φ in n variables requires, with high probability, distinct monomials to be kept simultaneously in memory. The same construction also proves that every Resolution refutation of φ requires, with high probability, clauses each of width to be kept at the same time in memory. This gives a lower bound for the total space needed in Resolution to refute φ. These results are best possible (up to a constant factor) and answer questions about space complexity of 3-CNFs
The Emerging Internet of Things Marketplace From an Industrial Perspective: A Survey
The Internet of Things (IoT) is a dynamic global information network
consisting of internet-connected objects, such as Radio-frequency
identification (RFIDs), sensors, actuators, as well as other instruments and
smart appliances that are becoming an integral component of the future
internet. Over the last decade, we have seen a large number of the IoT
solutions developed by start-ups, small and medium enterprises, large
corporations, academic research institutes (such as universities), and private
and public research organisations making their way into the market. In this
paper, we survey over one hundred IoT smart solutions in the marketplace and
examine them closely in order to identify the technologies used,
functionalities, and applications. More importantly, we identify the trends,
opportunities and open challenges in the industry-based the IoT solutions.
Based on the application domain, we classify and discuss these solutions under
five different categories: smart wearable, smart home, smart, city, smart
environment, and smart enterprise. This survey is intended to serve as a
guideline and conceptual framework for future research in the IoT and to
motivate and inspire further developments. It also provides a systematic
exploration of existing research and suggests a number of potentially
significant research directions.Comment: IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computing 201
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