1,922,197 research outputs found
Content repositories and social networking : can there be synergies?
This paper details the novel application of Web 2.0 concepts to current services offered to Social Scientists by the ReDReSS project, carried out by the Centre for e-Science at Lancaster University. We detail plans to introduce Social Bookmarking and Social Networking concepts into the repository software developed by the project. This will result in the improved discovery of e-Science concepts and training to Social Scientists and allow for much improved linking of resources in the repository. We describe plans that use Social Networking and Social Bookmarking concepts, using Open Standards, which will promote collaboration between researchers by using information gathered on userâs use of the repository and information about the user. This will spark collaborations that would not normally be possible in the academic repository context
Informational Model of Consciousness: From Philosophic Concepts to an Information Science of Consciousness
On the long and well-worn road of many, but justifiable attempts of human to discover his origin, his trajectory as a
species, and a suitable understanding consciousness, his system allowing the connection to the environment and to
his own organism, the concepts and models of philosophy enunciated or experienced by millennia, meet today with
modern science concepts of physics and of science of information. Based on recent discoveries of quantum physics
and astrophysics, revealing a new understanding of our environment and starting from some philosophical concepts
on information of matter and of living structures, this work discusses the dynamics of information within the frame
of the Informational Model of Consciousness as an informational system of the human body, connected both to the
environment and to the body itself, to control the adaptation for survival. It is shown that consciousness is actually
an informational projection in the mind of seven informational subsystems, three of which forming the operative
system of consciousness for the short-term adaptation, and other three forming the programmed operating system,
dedicated to the maintenance of body and to the long-term survival of species, showing various inputs and outputs
of information. The seventh subsystem is the information pole, connecting the organism with the external
information, especially related to the extra-sensorial properties of the mind, the human body appearing as a bipolar
info-matter structure, managed by the brain. The received information is progressively integrated into the
informational system of the organism, which absorbs and emanates information as a reactive system for adaptation,
able to operate both with matter-related (codified) and non-matter related (virtual) information. As both connections
with external and internal environment (body itself) can be described in terms of information, this model opens the
gate to investigate consciousness by means of the tools of the information science, offering also answers to the
philosophic âmind-bodyâ problem and to the âhardâ problem and showing correspondences with some ancient
philosophies
Measuring complexity with zippers
Physics concepts have often been borrowed and independently developed by
other fields of science. In this perspective a significant example is that of
entropy in Information Theory. The aim of this paper is to provide a short and
pedagogical introduction to the use of data compression techniques for the
estimate of entropy and other relevant quantities in Information Theory and
Algorithmic Information Theory. We consider in particular the LZ77 algorithm as
case study and discuss how a zipper can be used for information extraction.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figure
Applying Quantum Principles to Psychology
This article starts out with a detailed example illustrating the utility of
applying quantum probability to psychology. Then it describes several
alternative mathematical methods for mapping fundamental quantum concepts (such
as state preparation, measurement, state evolution) to fundamental
psychological concepts (such as stimulus, response, information processing).
For state preparation, we consider both pure states and densities with
mixtures. For measurement, we consider projective measurements and positive
operator valued measurements. The advantages and disadvantages of each method
with respect to applications in psychology are discussed.Comment: one of the aims of this review paper is to attract attention of
experts in quantum information and probability (as well as in quantum
foundations) to a new rapidly growing field of applications of quantum
theory. The paper establishes the correspondence between concepts of quantum
theory and concepts of cognitive science and psychology. Submitted to Physica
Script
Data preservation, the new science and the practitioner librarian
This paper outlines the information management principles of the so-called 'new science', and attempts to put these in the context of traditional library and information science principles. It gives a brief review of some work in the area, in particular focussing on the work show-cased by the annual digital preservation conference series hosted by the Digital Curation Centre in Scotland (http://www.dcc.ac.uk/). There is a danger that scientists (as opposed to LIS professionals) will apply the information management techniques of the new science to their own activities inappropriately, especially to research that is best curated as 'old' not new science. This is something on which information professionals are well placed to give advice and make judgements. More practice-oriented research is needed to enhance understanding of how traditional librarianship practices can be applied to the data intensive scientific research carried out by so-called 'virtual organisations'. This paper makes some initial suggestions about how the tools of library and information practice can be related to the 'new science'. In particular, it highlights their relevance to distinguishing between the information management needs of the 'old' and the 'new' sciences: these needs are quite distinct, though easily confused. This paper relates terms from pure science such as the virtual organisation, cyberinfrastructure and e-science to traditional LIS concepts, and tries to create an understanding of the relationship between the two disciplines for the library practitioner
Debates: Does Information Theory Provide a New Paradigm for Earth Science? Emerging Concepts and Pathways of Information Physics
Entropy and Information are key concepts not only in Information Theory but also in Physics: historically in the fields of Thermodynamics, Statistical and Analytical Mechanics, and, more recently, in the field of Information Physics. In this paper we argue that Information Physics reconciles and generalizes statistical, geometric, and mechanistic views on information. We start by demonstrating how the use and interpretation of Entropy and Information coincide in Information Theory, Statistical Thermodynamics, and Analytical Mechanics, and how this can be taken advantage of when addressing Earth Science problems in general and hydrological problems in particular. In the second part we discuss how Information Physics provides ways to quantify Information and Entropy from fundamental physical principles. This extends their use to cases where the preconditions to calculate Entropy in the classical manner as an aggregate statistical measure are not met. Indeed, these preconditions are rarely met in the Earth Sciences due either to limited observations or the far-from-equilibrium nature of evolving systems. Information Physics therefore offers new opportunities for improving the treatment of Earth Science problems.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
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Teaching and learning in information retrieval
A literature review of pedagogical methods for teaching and learning information retrieval is presented. From the analysis of the literature a taxonomy was built and it is used to structure the paper. Information Retrieval (IR) is presented from different points of view: technical levels, educational goals, teaching and learning methods, assessment and curricula. The review is organized around two levels of abstraction which form a taxonomy that deals with the different aspects of pedagogy as applied to information retrieval. The first level looks at the technical level of delivering information retrieval concepts, and at the educational goals as articulated by the two main subject domains where IR is delivered: computer science (CS) and library and information science (LIS). The second level focuses on pedagogical issues, such as teaching and learning methods, delivery modes (classroom, online or e-learning), use of IR systems for teaching, assessment and feedback, and curricula design. The survey, and its bibliography, provides an overview of the pedagogical research carried out in the field of IR. It also provides a guide for educators on approaches that can be applied to improving the student learning experiences
Educator's Guide for Mission to Earth: LANDSAT Views the World
This teacher's guide is specifically designed to provide information and suggestions for using LANDSAT imagery to teach basic concepts in several content areas. Content areas include: (1) Earth science and geology; (2) environmental studies; (3) geography; and (4) social and urban studies
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