27 research outputs found
Influence of sociodemographic characteristics on human mobility
Human mobility has been traditionally studied using surveys that deliver
snapshots of population displacement patterns. The growing accessibility to ICT
information from portable digital media has recently opened the possibility of
exploring human behavior at high spatio-temporal resolutions. Mobile phone
records, geolocated tweets, check-ins from Foursquare or geotagged photos, have
contributed to this purpose at different scales, from cities to countries, in
different world areas. Many previous works lacked, however, details on the
individuals' attributes such as age or gender. In this work, we analyze
credit-card records from Barcelona and Madrid and by examining the geolocated
credit-card transactions of individuals living in the two provinces, we find
that the mobility patterns vary according to gender, age and occupation.
Differences in distance traveled and travel purpose are observed between
younger and older people, but, curiously, either between males and females of
similar age. While mobility displays some generic features, here we show that
sociodemographic characteristics play a relevant role and must be taken into
account for mobility and epidemiological modelization.Comment: 13 pages, 11 figures + Supplementary informatio
Sequences of purchases in credit card data reveal life styles in urban populations
Zipf-like distributions characterize a wide set of phenomena in physics,
biology, economics and social sciences. In human activities, Zipf-laws describe
for example the frequency of words appearance in a text or the purchases types
in shopping patterns. In the latter, the uneven distribution of transaction
types is bound with the temporal sequences of purchases of individual choices.
In this work, we define a framework using a text compression technique on the
sequences of credit card purchases to detect ubiquitous patterns of collective
behavior. Clustering the consumers by their similarity in purchases sequences,
we detect five consumer groups. Remarkably, post checking, individuals in each
group are also similar in their age, total expenditure, gender, and the
diversity of their social and mobility networks extracted by their mobile phone
records. By properly deconstructing transaction data with Zipf-like
distributions, this method uncovers sets of significant sequences that reveal
insights on collective human behavior.Comment: 30 pages, 26 figure
Comparing and modeling land use organization in cities
The advent of geolocated ICT technologies opens the possibility of exploring
how people use space in cities, bringing an important new tool for urban
scientists and planners, especially for regions where data is scarce or not
available. Here we apply a functional network approach to determine land use
patterns from mobile phone records. The versatility of the method allows us to
run a systematic comparison between Spanish cities of various sizes. The method
detects four major land use types that correspond to different temporal
patterns. The proportion of these types, their spatial organization and scaling
show a strong similarity between all cities that breaks down at a very local
scale, where land use mixing is specific to each urban area. Finally, we
introduce a model inspired by Schelling's segregation, able to explain and
reproduce these results with simple interaction rules between different land
uses.Comment: 9 pages, 6 figures + Supplementary informatio
Rich do not rise early: Spatio-temporal patterns in the mobility networks of different socio-economic classes
We analyse the urban mobility in the cities of MedellÃn and Manizales (Colombia). Each city is represented by six mobility networks, each one encoding the origin-destination trips performed by a subset of the population corresponding to a particular socio-economic status. The nodes of each network are the different urban locations whereas links account for the existence of a trip between two different areas of the city. We study the main structural properties of these mobility networks by focusing on their spatio-temporal patterns. Our goal is to relate these patterns with the partition into six socio-economic compartments of these two societies. Our results show that spatial and temporal patterns vary across these socio-economic groups. In particular, the two datasets show that as wealth increases the early-morning activity is delayed, the midday peak becomes smoother and the spatial distribution of trips becomes more localized
Spatio-temporal variations in the urban rhythm: the travelling waves of crime
This is the final version. Available from EDP Sciences via the DOI in this record.In the last decades, the notion that cities are in a state of equilibrium with a centralised organisation has given place to the viewpoint of cities in disequilibrium and organised from bottom to up. In this perspective, cities are evolving systems that exhibit emergent phenomena built from local decisions. While urban evolution promotes the emergence of positive social phenomena such as the formation of innovation hubs and the increase in cultural diversity, it also yields negative phenomena such as increases in criminal activity. Yet, we are still far from understanding the driving mechanisms of these phenomena. In particular, approaches to analyse urban phenomena are limited in scope by neglecting both temporal non-stationarity and spatial heterogeneity. In the case of criminal activity, we know for more than one century that crime peaks during specific times of the year, but the literature still fails to characterise the mobility of crime. Here we develop an approach to describe the spatial, temporal, and periodic variations in urban quantities. With crime data from 12 cities, we characterise how the periodicity of crime varies spatially across the city over time. We confirm one-year criminal cycles and show that this periodicity occurs unevenly across the city. These ‘waves of crime’ keep travelling across the city: while cities have a stable number of regions with a circannual period, the regions exhibit non-stationary series. Our findings support the concept of cities in a constant change, influencing urban phenomena—in agreement with the notion of cities not in equilibrium.Leibniz AssociationArmy Research OfficeScience Without Borders program (CAPES, Brazil
Structure of 311 service requests as a signature of urban location
© 2017 Wang et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. While urban systems demonstrate high spatial heterogeneity, many urban planning, economic and political decisions heavily rely on a deep understanding of local neighborhood contexts. We show that the structure of 311 Service Requests enables one possible way of building a unique signature of the local urban context, thus being able to serve as a low-cost decision support tool for urban stakeholders. Considering examples of New York City, Boston and Chicago, we demonstrate how 311 Service Requests recorded and categorized by type in each neighborhood can be utilized to generate a meaningful classification of locations across the city, based on distinctive socioeconomic profiles. Moreover, the 311-based classification of urban neighborhoods can present sufficient information to model various socioeconomic features. Finally, we show that these characteristics are capable of predicting future trends in comparative local real estate prices. We demonstrate 311 Service Requests data can be used to monitor and predict socioeconomic performance of urban neighborhoods, allowing urban stakeholders to quantify the impacts of their interventions
Mobile phone indicators and their relation to the socioeconomic organisation of cities
Thanks to the use of geolocated big data in computational social science
research, the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of human activities are
increasingly being revealed. Paired with smaller and more traditional data,
this opens new ways of understanding how people act and move, and how these
movements crystallise into the structural patterns observed by censuses. In
this article we explore the convergence of mobile phone data with more
classical socioeconomic data from census in French cities. We extract mobile
phone indicators from six months worth of Call Detail Records (CDR) data, while
census and administrative data are used to characterize the socioeconomic
organisation of French cities. We address various definitions of cities and
investigate how they impact the relation between mobile phone indicators, such
as the number of calls or the entropy of visited cell towers, and measures of
economic organisation based on census data, such as the level of deprivation,
inequality and segregation. Our findings show that some mobile phone indicators
relate significantly with different socioeconomic organisation of cities.
However, we show that found relations are sensitive to the way cities are
defined and delineated. In several cases, differing city definitions
delineations can change the significance or even the signs of found
correlations. In general, cities delineated in a restricted way (central cores
only) exhibit traces of human activity which are less related to their
socioeconomic organisation than cities delineated as metropolitan areas and
dispersed urban regions.Comment: 19 pages, 9 figures, 2 table