21,038 research outputs found
Dependently Typing R Vectors, Arrays, and Matrices
The R programming language is widely used in large-scale data analyses. It
contains especially rich built-in support for dealing with vectors, arrays, and
matrices. These operations feature prominently in the applications that form
R's raison d'\^etre, making their behavior worth understanding. Furthermore,
ostensibly for programmer convenience, their behavior in R is a notable
extension over the corresponding operations in mathematics, thereby offering
some challenges for specification and static verification.
We report on progress towards statically typing this aspect of the R
language. The interesting aspects of typing, in this case, warn programmers
about violating bounds, so the types must necessarily be dependent. We explain
the ways in which R extends standard mathematical behavior. We then show how
R's behavior can be specified in LiquidHaskell, a dependently-typed extension
to Haskell. In the general case, actually verifying library and client code is
currently beyond LiquidHaskell's reach; therefore, this work provides
challenges and opportunities both for typing R and for progress in
dependently-typed programming languages.Comment: 10 page
CoRe-Sleep: A Multimodal Fusion Framework for Time Series Robust to Imperfect Modalities
Sleep abnormalities can have severe health consequences. Automated sleep
staging, i.e. labelling the sequence of sleep stages from the patient's
physiological recordings, could simplify the diagnostic process. Previous work
on automated sleep staging has achieved great results, mainly relying on the
EEG signal. However, often multiple sources of information are available beyond
EEG. This can be particularly beneficial when the EEG recordings are noisy or
even missing completely. In this paper, we propose CoRe-Sleep, a Coordinated
Representation multimodal fusion network that is particularly focused on
improving the robustness of signal analysis on imperfect data. We demonstrate
how appropriately handling multimodal information can be the key to achieving
such robustness. CoRe-Sleep tolerates noisy or missing modalities segments,
allowing training on incomplete data. Additionally, it shows state-of-the-art
performance when testing on both multimodal and unimodal data using a single
model on SHHS-1, the largest publicly available study that includes sleep stage
labels. The results indicate that training the model on multimodal data does
positively influence performance when tested on unimodal data. This work aims
at bridging the gap between automated analysis tools and their clinical
utility.Comment: 10 pages, 4 figures, 2 tables, journa
Теорія систем мобільних інфокомунікацій. Системна архітектура
Навчальний посібник містить опис логічних та фізичних структур, процедур,
алгоритмів, протоколів, принципів побудови і функціонування мереж
стільникового мобільного зв’язку (до 3G) і мобільних інфокомунікацій (4G і вище),
приділяючи увагу розгляду загальних архітектур мереж операторів мобільного
зв’язку, їх управління і координування, неперервності еволюції розвитку засобів
функціонування і способів надання послуг таких мереж. Посібник структурно має
сім розділів і побудований так, що складність матеріалу зростає з кожним
наступним розділом. Навчальний посібник призначено для здобувачів ступеня
бакалавра за спеціальністю 172 «Телекомунікації та радіотехніка», буде також
корисним для аспірантів, наукових та інженерно-технічних працівників за
напрямом інформаційно-телекомунікаційних систем та технологій.The manual contains a description of the logical and physical structures, procedures, algorithms, protocols, principles of construction and operation of cellular networks for mobile communications (up to 3G) and mobile infocommunications (4G and higher), paying attention to the consideration of general architectures of mobile operators' networks, their management, and coordination, the continuous evolution of the development of the means of operation and methods of providing services of such networks. The manual has seven structural sections and is structured in such a way that the complexity of the material increases with each subsequent chapter. The textbook is intended for applicants for a bachelor's degree in specialty 172 "Telecommunications and Radio Engineering", and will also be useful to graduate students, and scientific and engineering workers in the direction of information and telecommunication systems and technologies
Minimum income support systems as elements of crisis resilience in Europe: Final Report
Mindestsicherungssysteme dienen in den meisten entwickelten Wohlfahrtsstaaten als Sicherheitsnetz letzter Instanz. Dementsprechend spielen sie gerade in wirtschaftlichen Krisenzeiten eine besondere Rolle. Inwieweit Mindestsicherungssysteme in Zeiten der Krise beansprucht werden, hängt auch von der Ausprägung vorgelagerter Sozialschutzsysteme ab. Diese Studie untersucht die Bedeutung von Systemen der Mindestsicherung sowie vorgelagerter Systeme wie Arbeitslosenversicherung, Kurzarbeit und arbeitsrechtlichem Bestandsschutz für die Krisenfestigkeit in Europa. Im Kontext der Finanzkrise von 2008/2009 und der Corona-Krise wird die Fähigkeit sozialpolitischer Maßnahmen untersucht, Armut und Einkommensverluste einzudämmen und gesellschaftliche Ausgrenzung zu vermeiden. Die Studie setzt dabei auf quantitative und qualitative Methoden, etwa multivariate Analysen, Mikrosimulationsmethoden sowie eingehende Fallstudien der Länder Dänemark, Frankreich, Irland, Polen und Spanien, die für unterschiedliche Typen von Wohlfahrtsstaaten stehen.The aim of this study is to analyse the role of social policies in different European welfare states regarding minimum income protection and active inclusion. The core focus lies on crisis resilience, i.e. the capacity of social policy arrangements to contain poverty and inequality and avoid exclusion before, during and after periods of economic shocks. To achieve this goal, the study expands its analytical focus to include other tiers of social protection, in particular upstream systems such as unemployment insurance, job retention and employment protection, as they play an additional and potentially prominent role in providing income and job protection in situations of crisis. A mixed-method approach is used that combines quantitative and qualitative research, such as descriptive and multivariate quantitative analyses, microsimulation methods and in-depth case studies. The study finds consistent differences in terms of crisis resilience across countries and welfare state types. In general, Nordic and Continental European welfare states with strong upstream systems and minimum income support (MIS) show better outcomes in core socio-economic outcomes such as poverty and exclusion risks. However, labour market integration shows some dualisms in Continental Europe. The study shows that MIS holds particular importance if there are gaps in upstream systems or cases of severe and lasting crises
Quality of life assessment and its spatial correlation in impoverished districts and counties: A case study of Guizhou Province
China’s rapid urbanization has greatly boosted the quality of life of its traditionally impoverished regions. Research into the spatial distribution characteristics, evolution and spatial correlation of the quality of life in impoverished regions can help illuminate the experience of successful development and construct a knowledge base for authorities to devise development strategies. This study focuses its attention on the historically impoverished districts and counties (which are designated as parallel administrative units in China) of Guizhou Province in southwestern China. Extensively citing official statistics on districts and counties released by China’s National Bureau of Statistics and local governments, it assesses the quality of life of those places in the 3 years of 2000, 2010, and 2020 from the four dimensions of economy, society, culture, and environment. The aim is to illustrate the distribution characteristics and the evolution of quality of life in Guizhou’s historically impoverished districts and counties. In order to understand the characteristics of spatial clustering as well as the patterns of evolution of the quality of life of Guizhou’s impoverished districts and counties, the study incorporates spatial autocorrelation analysis into a spatio-temporal analysis of local quality of life. It could presumably help enrich the knowledge base that local authorities draw on to formulate development strategies that are scientific and adapted to local conditions. The study found that while the overall quality of life in all the impoverished districts and counties of Guizhou Province has improved, large gaps in quality of life between eastern and western regions of the province persisted. In addition, the driving force behind the evolution in the overall quality of life of those places changed with time, as did the characteristics of the spatial aggregation in quality of life
Optimization of physico-chemical parameters for the production of phycobilin protein blue pigment, phycocyanin from the cyanobacterial strain Pseudanabaena limnetica (Lemmermann) Komarek
Pseudanabaena limnetica, the cyanophycean microalga, like other members of Cyanophycea, is an excellent source of pigments such as phycocyanin, proteins, carotenoids and polysaccharides. These strains also form a large proportion of algal biomass. The P.limnetica strain can grow in the extreme environmental conditions and it grows well in SW-BG 11 medium under laboratory conditions. In the present investigation, this cyanobacteria strain was isolated from the salt pans of Mulund Mumbai areas and it was cultivated in the lab under controlled conditions of light and temperature with optimum parameters of nitrate and carbonate concentrations. The culture was cultivated in the 60L photo bioreactor systems with the (65,000-85,000 lux) at 45?C in the SW-BG11 medium. The optimization experiments were carried out at the indoor and outdoor conditions. The nitrate and carbonate concentrations were optimized for obtaining maximum amount of algal biomass along with the blue-green phycocyanin pigment. The phycocyanin pigment was lyophilized for its further incorporation into the food and cosmetics products. The spectroscopic calculations of phycocyanin, allophycocyanin and phycoerythrin was done at 620, 650 and 562 nm using the Bennett and Bogorad equation. From the results obtained, it was concluded that 0.1gms/L and 1.5gms/L of the carbonate and nitrate concentrations, respectively, were the ideal concentrations for the further experiments for the cost effective production of P. limnetica in the SW-BG 11 medium. The outdoor conditions were found to be favorable for obtaining the maximum biomass and phycocyanin pigment production which would - make it more cost effective, commercially
Accurate and Interpretable Solution of the Inverse Rig for Realistic Blendshape Models with Quadratic Corrective Terms
We propose a new model-based algorithm solving the inverse rig problem in
facial animation retargeting, exhibiting higher accuracy of the fit and
sparser, more interpretable weight vector compared to SOTA. The proposed method
targets a specific subdomain of human face animation - highly-realistic
blendshape models used in the production of movies and video games. In this
paper, we formulate an optimization problem that takes into account all the
requirements of targeted models. Our objective goes beyond a linear blendshape
model and employs the quadratic corrective terms necessary for correctly
fitting fine details of the mesh. We show that the solution to the proposed
problem yields highly accurate mesh reconstruction even when general-purpose
solvers, like SQP, are used. The results obtained using SQP are highly accurate
in the mesh space but do not exhibit favorable qualities in terms of weight
sparsity and smoothness, and for this reason, we further propose a novel
algorithm relying on a MM technique. The algorithm is specifically suited for
solving the proposed objective, yielding a high-accuracy mesh fit while
respecting the constraints and producing a sparse and smooth set of weights
easy to manipulate and interpret by artists. Our algorithm is benchmarked with
SOTA approaches, and shows an overall superiority of the results, yielding a
smooth animation reconstruction with a relative improvement up to 45 percent in
root mean squared mesh error while keeping the cardinality comparable with
benchmark methods. This paper gives a comprehensive set of evaluation metrics
that cover different aspects of the solution, including mesh accuracy, sparsity
of the weights, and smoothness of the animation curves, as well as the
appearance of the produced animation, which human experts evaluated
Involutive Weak Globular -categories
We investigate the notion of involutive weak globular -categories via
T.Leinster's approach: as algebras for the initial contracted globular operad
in the bicategory of globular collections induced by the Cartesian monad of the
free involutive strict -category functor on globular -sets. An
apparently more restrictive notion of involutive weak globular
-categories as algebras for the initial operadic-contraction in the
bicategory of globular contracted-collections induced by the previous Cartesian
monad (where here the operadic multiplications and units satisfy further
compatibility axioms with the contractions) is also considered.Comment: LaTex2e, 36 page
Discrepancies between two long-term dietary datasets in the United Kingdom (UK)
Background: Studying dietary trends can help monitor progress towards healthier and more sustainable diets but longitudinal data are often confounded by lack of standardized methods. Two main data sources are used for longitudinal analysis of diets: food balance sheets on food supply (FBS) and household budget surveys on food purchased (HBS). Methods: We used UK longitudinal dietary data on food supply, provided by the Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) (FAO-FBS, 1961-2018), and food purchases, provided by the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) (Defra-HBS, 1942-2018). We assessed how trends in dietary change per capita compared between FAO-FBS and Defra-HBS for calories, meat and fish, nuts and pulses, and dairy, and how disparities have changed over time. Results: Estimates made by FAO-FBS were significantly higher (p<0.001) than Defra-HBS for calorie intake and all food types, except nuts and pulses which were significantly lower (p<0.001). These differences are partly due to inclusion of retail waste in FAO-FBS data and under-reporting in Defra- HBS data. The disparities between the two datasets increased over time for calories, meat and dairy; did not change for fish; and decreased for nuts and pulses. Between 1961 and 2018, both FAO-FBS and Defra-FBS showed an increase in meat intake (+23.4% and +1.4%, respectively) and a decrease in fish (-7.1% and -3.2%, respectively). Temporal trends did not agree between the two datasets for dairy, calories, and nuts and pulses. Conclusions: Our finding raises questions over the robustness of both data sources for monitoring UK dietary change, especially when used for evidence-based decision making around health, climate change and sustainability
Cluster Index Modulation for Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface-Assisted mmWave Massive MIMO
In this paper, we propose a transmission mechanism for a reconfigurable
intelligent surface (RIS)-assisted millimeter wave (mmWave) system based on
cluster index modulation (CIM), named best-gain optimized cluster selection CIM
(BGCS-CIM). The proposed BGCS-CIM scheme considers effective cluster power gain
and spatial diversity gain obtained by the additional paths within the indexed
cluster to construct an efficient codebook. We also integrate the proposed
scheme into a practical system model to create a virtual path between
transmitter and receiver where the direct link has been blocked. Thanks to the
designed whitening filter, a closed-form expression for the upper bound on the
average bit error rate (ABER) is derived and used to validate the simulation
results. It has been shown that the proposed BGCS-CIM scheme outperforms the
existing benchmarks thanks to its higher effective cluster gain, spatial
diversity of indexed clusters, and lower inter-cluster interference.Comment: Submitted in IEE
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