Routing Protocols in Vehicular Ad hoc Networks: Survey and Research Challenges

A Vehicular Ad hoc Network (VANET) is a type of wireless ad hoc network that facilitates ubiquitous connectivity between vehicles in the absence of fixed infrastructure. Mul ti-hop routing and beaconing approaches are two important research challenges in high mobility vehicular networks. Routing protocols are divided into two categories of topology-based and position-based routing protocols. In this article, we perform a comparative study among the existing routing solutions, which explores the main advantages and drawbacks behind their design. After implementing the representatives of geographical and topology routing protocols, we analyze the simulation results and discuss the strengths and weaknesses of these routing protocols with regard to their suitability to vehicular networks. Lastly, we discuss the open issues and research directions related to VANET routing protocols.Ghafoor, KZ.; Mohammed, M.; Lloret, J.; Abu Bakar, K.; Zainuddin, ZM. (2013). Routing Protocols in Vehicular Ad hoc Networks: Survey and Research Challenges. Network Protocols and Algorithms. 5(4):39-83. doi:10.5296/npa.v5i4.4134S39835

Etude et réalisation d'un système de communications par lumière visible (VLC/LiFi). Application au domaine automobile.

The scientific problematic of this PhD is centered on the usage of Visible LightCommunications (VLC) in automotive applications. By enabling wireless communication amongvehicles and also with the traffic infrastructure, the safety and efficiency of the transportation canbe substantially increased. Considering the numerous advantages of the VLC technologyencouraged the study of its appropriateness for the envisioned automotive applications, as analternative and/or a complement for the traditional radio frequency based communications.In order to conduct this research, a low-cost VLC system for automotive application wasdeveloped. The proposed system aims to ensure a highly robust communication between a LEDbasedVLC emitter and an on-vehicle VLC receiver. For the study of vehicle to vehicle (V2V)communication, the emitter was developed based on a vehicle backlight whereas for the study ofinfrastructure to vehicle (I2V) communication, the emitter was developed based on a traffic light.Considering the VLC receiver, a central problem in this area is the design of a suitable sensorable to enhance the conditioning of the signal and to avoid disturbances due to the environmentalconditions, issues that are addressed in the thesis. The performances of a cooperative drivingsystem integrating the two components were evaluated as well.The experimental validation of the VLC system was performed in various conditions andscenarios. The results confirmed the performances of the proposed system and demonstrated thatVLC can be a viable technology for the considered applications. Furthermore, the results areencouraging towards the continuations of the work in this domain.La problématique scientifique de cette thèse est centrée sur le développement decommunications par lumière visible (Visible Light Communications - VLC) dans lesapplications automobiles. En permettant la communication sans fil entre les véhicules, ou entreles véhicules et l’infrastructure routière, la sécurité et l'efficacité du transport peuvent êtreconsidérablement améliorées. Compte tenu des nombreux avantages de la technologie VLC,cette solution se présente comme une excellente alternative ou un complément pour lescommunications actuelles plutôt basées sur les technologies radio-fréquences traditionnelles.Pour réaliser ces travaux de recherche, un système VLC à faible coût pour applicationautomobile a été développé. Le système proposé vise à assurer une communication très robusteentre un émetteur VLC à base de LED et un récepteur VLC monté sur un véhicule. Pour l'étudedes communications véhicule à véhicule (V2V), l'émetteur a été développé sur la base d’un pharearrière rouge de voiture, tandis que pour l'étude des communications de l'infrastructure auvéhicule (I2V), l'émetteur a été développé sur la base d'un feu de circulation. Considérant lerécepteur VLC, le problème principal réside autour d’un capteur approprié, en mesured'améliorer le conditionnement du signal et de limiter les perturbations dues des conditionsenvironnementales. Ces différents points sont abordés dans la thèse, d’un point de vue simulationmais également réalisation du prototype.La validation expérimentale du système VLC a été réalisée dans différentes conditions etscénarii. Les résultats démontrent que la VLC peut être une technologie viable pour lesapplications envisagées

Estudio de mecanismos de distribución de contenidos en redes vehiculares urbanas

El objetivo de este trabajo es la investigación, usando un modelo basado en agentes, de formas eficientes de distribuir contenidos relacionados con la información y el entretenimiento en una red formada por vehículos. Las simulaciones basadas en agentes permiten estudiar el comportamiento resultante de interacciones complejas entre entidades autónomas, por lo que este trabajo se ha creado como un punto de partida para otros trabajos futuros relacionados con redes vehiculares que no puedan realizarse fácilmente con simuladores de comunicaciones convencionales. Diferentes protocolos se han propuesto durante los últimos años para distribuir contenidos en una red vehicular. En este trabajo se utilizará un modelo basado en agentes para simular una situación real en la ciudad de Madrid, donde los coches se moverán durante 3600 segundos y estarán interesados en obtener un único contenido. Su objetivo es conseguirlo usando la red vehicular, pero si no lo consiguen, usarán una red celular para descargarlo. Durante la simulación, se variarán parámetros como la densidad de tráfico, el número de contenidos en la red y la popularidad de estos contenidos (algunos contenidos son más interesantes para los usuarios que otros). Tres protocolos (cada uno con posibilidad de añadir optimizaciones) serán probados en cada situación, y los resultados se compararán para decidir qué protocolo es el mejor en cada escenario.The purpose of this work is to research, using an agent based model, about efficient ways of distributing infotainment contents in a network formed by vehicles. Agent based simulations can deal with complex behaviors resulting from the interaction of autonomous entities, so this work intents to be an initial step towards future research about vehicular networks which cannot be implemented easily by conventional communications simulators. Different kinds of protocols have been proposed during the past years to distribute contents using a vehicular network. In this work, we use an agent-based model to simulate a real situation in the city of Madrid, where cars travel during 3600 seconds and they are be interested in obtaining a single content. Their aim is to get the content using the vehicular network but, if that is not possible, they use a cellular network to download it. During the simulations, we study the effect of parameters such as traffic density, number of contents in the network and popularity of these contents (some contents are more interesting to users than others). Three different protocols (each one with possible optimizations) are tested in the different scenarios to evaluate their performance.Ingeniería en Tecnologías de Telecomunicació

Beaconing Approaches in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks: A Survey

A Vehicular Ad hoc Network (VANET) is a type of wireless ad hoc network that facilitates ubiquitous connectivity between vehicles in the absence of fixed infrastructure. Beaconing approaches is an important research challenge in high mobility vehicular networks with enabling safety applications. In this article, we perform a survey and a comparative study of state-of-the-art adaptive beaconing approaches in VANET, that explores the main advantages and drawbacks behind their design. The survey part of the paper presents a review of existing adaptive beaconing approaches such as adaptive beacon transmission power, beacon rate adaptation, contention window size adjustment and Hybrid adaptation beaconing techniques. The comparative study of the paper compares the representatives of adaptive beaconing approaches in terms of their objective of study, summary of their study, the utilized simulator and the type of vehicular scenario. 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