1,145 research outputs found
Noble gas as a functional dopant in ZnO
Owing to fully occupied orbitals, noble gases are considered to be chemically
inert and to have limited effect on materials properties under standard
conditions. However, using first-principles calculations, we demonstrate herein
that the insertion of noble gas (i.e., He, Ne, or Ar) in ZnO results in local
destabilization of electron density of the material driven by minimization of
an unfavorable overlap of atomic orbitals of the noble gas and its surrounding
atoms. Specifically, the noble gas defect (interstitial or substitutional) in
ZnO pushes the electron density of its surrounding atoms away from the defect.
Simultaneously, the host material confines the electron density of the noble
gas. As a consequence, the interaction of He, Ne, or Ar with O vacancies of ZnO
in different charge states q (ZnO:VOq) affects the vacancy stability and their
electronic structures. Remarkably, we find that the noble gas is a functional
dopant that can delocalize the deep in-gap VOq states and lift electrons
associated with the vacancy to the conduction band.Comment: 15 pages, 4 figure
Better force fields start with better data: A data set of cation dipeptide interactions
We present a data set from a first-principles study of amino-methylated and acetylated (capped) dipeptides of the 20 proteinogenic amino acids – including alternative possible side chain protonation states and their interactions with selected divalent cations (Ca2+, Mg2+ and Ba2+). The data covers 21,909 stationary points on the respective potential-energy surfaces in a wide relative energy range of up to 4 eV (390 kJ/mol). Relevant properties of interest, like partial charges, were derived for the conformers. The motivation was to provide a solid data basis for force field parameterization and further applications like machine learning or benchmarking. In particular the process of creating all this data on the same first-principles footing, i.e. density-functional theory calculations employing the generalized gradient approximation with a van der Waals correction, makes this data suitable for first principles data-driven force field development. To make the data accessible across domain borders and to machines, we formalized the metadata in an ontology
Stability of charges in titanium compounds and charge transfer to oxygen in titanium dioxide
We investigate the charge density distribution in titanium dioxide, molecular
titanium complexes and a variety of periodic titanium compounds using
delocalization indices and Bader charge analysis. Our results are in agreement
with previous experimental and theoretical investigations on the charge
stability and deviation from formal oxidation states in transition metal
compounds. We present examples for practically relevant redox processes, using
molecular titanium dioxide model systems, that illustrate the failure of formal
oxidation states to account for some redox phenomena. We observe a pronounced
charge stability on titanium for trial systems which are expected to be mainly
ionic. No environment tested by us is capable to reduce the local titanium
charge remainder below one electron.Comment: 9 pages, 2 figures, CCP2017 conference (Paris, France, July 9-13,
2017
2D KBr/Graphene Heterostructures-Influence on Work Function and Friction
The intercalation of graphene is an effective approach to modify the electronic properties of two-dimensional heterostructures for attractive phenomena and applications. In this work, we characterize the growth and surface properties of ionic KBr layers altered by graphene using ultra-high vacuum atomic force microscopy at room temperature. We observed a strong rippling of the KBr islands on Ir(111), which is induced by a specific layer reconstruction but disappears when graphene is introduced in between. The latter causes a consistent change in both the work function and the frictional forces measured by Kelvin probe force microscopy and frictional force microscopy, respectively. Systematic density functional theory calculations of the different systems show that the change in work function is induced by the formation of a surface dipole moment while the friction force is dominated by adhesion forces
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