KEER2022

Avanttítol: KEER2022. DiversitiesDescripció del recurs: 25 juliol 202

街路景観のビッグデータとコンピューター視覚技術に基づく都市街路の空間知覚と物理的特徴に関する研究

Based on Streetscape big data and computer vision technology,the streets of typical coastal cities Qingdao and Fukuoka were selected as the site to explained the correlation between physical features and the perceptual features of urban streets to evaluation of the quality of street space. Combining the existing evaluation indexes of spatial perception from the expert and the public point of view , the study discussed the influence mechanism of physical parameters and perception. It proposed a method of locating street space design problems in coastal cities. The study not only will reflect the urban landscape current situation ,but also provide the basis to optimize the quality of urban street space design efficiently and large-scale. Moreover, it will promote the scientific development of urban construction and planning.北九州市立大

Urban Vitality in Dutch and Chinese New Towns. A comparative study between Almere and Tongzhou

Building new towns seems to be a rational regionalization approach that releases pressure from overly burdened large cities. This strategy was developed in Western Europe in the middle of twentieth century. Since the 1990s, the European new town model has been widely implemented in China. However, the author questions the feasibility of the large-scale, hasty new town developments. The study of worldwide new town experiences, especially European and Chinese cases, demonstrates that many new towns in fact have difficulty in achieving a real sense of urban quality and vitality. So far, few research projects have been conducted to evaluate and develop solutions for this problem. The purpose of this research project is therefore to identify the spatial and non-spatial factors and conditions that facilitate the development of urban vitality in new towns. It is aimed to reveal the impacts of spatial design, urban planning and governance approaches on the degree and patterns of local urban life of new towns in China and in the Netherlands. The generated knowledge of this research project helps develop not only a better understanding of the main problems of new towns, but also spatial strategies with the aim to enliven new towns and other types of (sub)urban areas as well. The central research question is approached through literature review and case studies. The literature review provides a critical re-evaluation of the scientific validation of the new town model, especially the notion of town self-containment in economic terms. The relevant theories under study mainly include regional science and economic geography. The literature review also clarifies the general definition of urban vitality and its distinct meanings in different socio-economic and political backgrounds of the two societies, sets up the quantitative measurements methodology, and identifies a preliminary framework of spatial factors and conditions. As it turns out, the key indicators of urban vitality are the co-presence of people as well as the social, cultural and economic activities in public spaces. The primary conditions are categorized as attractor-determinism, space-determinism and people-determinism. In regard to the spatial factors, the focus is on the spatial configuration of street networks, the composition of urban blocks and neighborhoods, as well as the value of details on small scales. The non-spatial factors primarily include the changing urban planning and governance approaches. The systems approach of planning and control, and the decentralization of decision-making powers are of particular importance to the topic. Various urban vitality evaluation criteria are derived, and then applied and tested in the comparative case studies. The Dutch new town Almere and the Chinese new town Tongzhou are both important new towns in their regions. They are selected based on their contrasting features as planned and market-driven, self-organized new towns, and the resultant differences in the level and character of their urban vitality. It is believed that their governments could gain inspiration from each other’s experiences for the future development of the towns. The key analytical approach of the case studies is to overlap multiple layers of top-down socio-spatial analyses with the actual space use from the bottom-up field investigations. The spatial analysis focuses on finding relations between the distribution of the planned and unplanned socioeconomic activities and the spatial configuration of different elements on different scales. Space syntax is adopted as one of the key analytical tools. The field study tasks include registering people’s movement of flows through static snapshots method, the mapping of self-organized small-businesses, activities and space appropriations, and conducting interviews and surveys of city officials, local people and shop owners. The results of the comparative case studies show that there is a strong correlation between space and the socio-economic life in new towns. As a market-driven, spontaneous new town, streets are the key places for socio-economic activities in Tongzhou. An essential spatial condition stimulating dynamic street life is found to be the open grid network structure with the mixture of diverse commercial, cultural and public programs widely dispersed on street frontages. The proliferation of groundfloor small businesses at the perimeters of neighborhoods in Tongzhou constitutes a big part of the street life, especially for the areas near public transport stations. As a top-down planned town, Almere excels at effective planning control and responsible social considerations, which benefits the long-term well-being of the city. Good urban governance is reflected not only in the public provisions and city marketing, but more importantly, in the quality of the public services and the available opportunities of citizen participation. For example, adaptable architectural design and bottom-up community planning implemented in Almere has positive impacts on animating local and perspective inhabitants, hence increasing urban vitality in another dimension. Interestingly, many of the home-based small businesses in Almere thrive by virtue of internet platform, despite that the effect is subtle in terms of bringing street activities. Both new towns need to further develop and experiment with new approaches of urban planning. Such new approaches are intended to be capable of creating a framework for a dynamic system to grow, balancing the planned and unplanned elements, involving a diversity of interested parties in the development process, being adaptive to changes over time, and emphasizing the quality of life for their citizens. Finally, the empirical and theoretical study findings are compared to each other. It results in a refined definition of urban vitality, which is synthesized into the placepeople-program triangle diagram, an enriched list of the favorable spatial conditions that are required to generate a sense of urban vitality, as well as a clear proposal for an upgraded urban planning and governance approach that is open to the complexity and uncertainty of contemporary societies

食器の色選択における色嗜好と視覚化食事場面の雰囲気の影響

筑波大学 (University of Tsukuba)201

The Atmospheric Influence of (red, green and blue) LED Lighting on Occupants of Hotel Guest Rooms

The atmospheric influence of coloured LED lighting in a hotel room was examined using a 3D video recording of a typical hotel room. A mixed-method analysis was employed to place the descriptive judgements of respondents on a modified version of an accepted ranking scale. Participant perspectives were found to be significantly influenced by different lighting hues and intensities. The results indicate opportunities to both reduce energy use and improve the atmosphere of hotel guest rooms

Body image and appearance management among older married dyads: factors influencing body image in the aging process

This study examined how older married persons\u27 body image related to their engagement in appearance management practices and the personal and relational factors influencing the formation of body image among older persons. Various appearance management practices---exercise, dieting, use of anti-aging products and techniques, daily grooming, and apparel-related behavior---were studied. Personal and relationship factors explained for influence on older persons\u27 body image were aging-related physical changes, health, marital relationship, cognitive age, and moods. In addition, coorientation effects in the perception of attractiveness in older marital dyads were investigated;Data were collected via a mail survey of older married couples residing in three metropolitan areas in Florida. Data from 94 married couples who were 60 years and older were entered into data analysis. The average length of living with a current spouse was 43.6 years;Results indicated that men had a more positive attitude about and were more satisfied with their bodies and appearance than were women, while women engaged more in appearance management practices such as dieting, use of anti-aging products and techniques, daily grooming, and apparel shopping and expenditures than did men. Both men\u27s and women\u27s body image were related to their engagement in exercise, dieting, use of anti-aging products and techniques, and apparel expenditures. Among factors examined, aging-related physical changes, effect of physical changes on the self, self-assessed health, and evaluation of spouse\u27s attractiveness, and perceived attractiveness (one\u27s perception of the other spouse\u27s appraisals of his or her attractiveness) were found to be significantly related to the body image of older men and women;Older husbands\u27 self-assessment of appearance was positively correlated with wives\u27 self-assessment of appearance. Husbands\u27 actual evaluation of their wives\u27 appearance affected wives\u27 self-assessment of their own appearance (self-other agreement), and wives\u27 actual evaluation of their husbands\u27 appearance influenced husbands\u27 self-assessment of their own appearance (self-other agreement). Also, husbands\u27 evaluation of their wives\u27 appearance corresponded to wives\u27 evaluation of their husbands\u27 appearance (reciprocity). These results indicated that the agreement in two spouses\u27 self-assessment of appearance existed because the two coorientation effects (self-other agreement and reciprocity) occurred in two partners of marital dyads

Designing Effective Interfaces for Older Users

The thesis examines the factors that need to be considered in order to undertake successful design of user interfaces for older users. The literature on aging is surveyed for age related changes that are of relevance to interface design. The findings from the literature review are extended and placed in a human context using observational studies of older people and their supporters as these older people attempted to learn about and use computers. These findings are then applied in three case studies of interface design and product development for older users. These case studies are reported and examined in depth. For each case study results are presented on the acceptance of the final product by older people. These results show that, for each case study, the interfaces used led to products that the older people evaluating them rated as unusually suitable to their needs as older users. The relationship between the case studies and the overall research aims is then examined in a discussion of the research methodology. In the case studies there is an evolving approach used in developing the interface designs. This approach includes intensive contribution by older people to the shaping of the interface design. This approach is analyzed and is presented as an approach to designing user interfaces for older people. It was found that a number of non-standard techniques were useful in order to maximize the benefit from the involvement of the older contributors and to ensure their ethical treatment. These techniques and the rationale behind them are described. Finally the interface design approach that emerged has strong links to the approach used by the UTOPIA team based at the university of Dundee. The extent to which the thesis provides support for the UTOPIA approach is discussed