11 research outputs found
Evaluating User Interface Management Systems based on Quality Attributes and Unit Operations
Software architecture is an essential early stage in the software design process. In this stage, the architect should give the quality attributes a special consideration because a good level of meeting these attributes can be performed by well-designed architecture. This means that there is a close relationship between quality attributes and software architecture. However, quality attributes can be achieved through the appropriate application of a set of unit operations. A unit operation is a systematic designing operation that can be applied directly to system architecture. Architectural styles (patterns) include high level design decisions that address quality attributes. Many general architectural styles are defined in the literature. For the domain of user interactive systems there are many architectural styles that address some important quality attributes. In many cases, it is essential to evaluate software styles in terms of their achievement of the required quality attributes by analyzing the relationships between these attributes, unit operations, and styles. This evaluation can help and facilitate the process of selecting a specified style. In this paper the authors propose a structured quantitative evaluation method to show a rank of four wellknown user interface management systems (UIMSs) in terms of their supporting a set of six important selected quality attributes
Chapter 4- Advancing an Approach of Resilient Design for Learning by Designing for Extensibility, Flexibility, and Redundancy
The impact of the COVID-19 crisis on educational systems requires actors across those systems to develop adaptive capacity and embed resilient thinking into approaches and frameworks for decision-making and design (DeVaney & Quintana, 2020). Events surrounding the COVID-19 crisis have set off a period of rapid adaptation across the higher-education ecosystem and have necessitated that educators consider new pedagogical approaches and frameworks that are responsive to the changes we are witnessing in our contexts of teaching and learning (Chraa et al., 2020; Donovan, 2020; Moorhouse, 2020; Quintana & Quintana, 2020; Zhu & Liu, 2020)
Sustainability evaluation of software architectures
Long-living software systems are sustainable if they can be cost-efficiently maintained and evolved over their entire life-cycle. The quality of software architectures determines sus-tainability to a large extent. Scenario-based software archi-tecture evaluation methods can support sustainability anal-ysis, but they are still reluctantly used in practice. They are also not integrated with architecture-level metrics when evaluating implemented systems, which limits their capabil-ities. Existing literature reviews for architecture evaluation focus on scenario-based methods, but do not provide a criti-cal reflection of the applicability of such methods for sustain-ability evaluation. Our goal is to measure the sustainabil-ity of a software architecture both during early design us-ing scenarios and during evolution using scenarios and met-rics, which is highly relevant in practice. We thus provide a systematic literature review assessing scenario-based meth-ods for sustainability support and categorize more than 40 architecture-level metrics according to several design prin-ciples. Our review identifies a need for further empirical research, for the integration of existing methods, and for the more efficient use of formal architectural models. 1
Capturing Software Architecture Knowledge for Pattern-Driven Design
Context: Software architecture is a knowledge-intensive field. One mechanism
for storing architecture knowledge is the recognition and description of
architectural patterns. Selecting architectural patterns is a challenging task
for software architects, as knowledge about these patterns is scattered among a
wide range of literature. Method: We report on a systematic literature review,
with the aim of building a decision model for the architectural pattern
selection problem. Moreover, twelve experienced practitioners at
software-producing organizations evaluated the usability and usefulness of the
extracted knowledge.\newline Results: An overview is provided of 29 patterns
and their effects on 40 quality attributes. Furthermore, we report in which
systems the 29 patterns are applied and in which combinations. The
practitioners confirmed that architectural knowledge supports software
architects with their decision-making process to select a set of patterns for a
new problem. We investigate the potential trends among architects to select
patterns. Conclusion: With the knowledge available, architects can more rapidly
select and eliminate combinations of patterns to design solutions. Having this
knowledge readily available supports software architects in making more
efficient and effective design decisions that meet their quality concerns
The factors that contribute to the continuous usage of broadband technologies among youth in rural areas: A case of northern region of Malaysia
Despite the benefits of broadband technology in education and healthcare services, its usage in the rural areas is still low and Malaysia is not excluded. This situation leads to raising the question of long-term usage of the technology. Presently, there are less empirical study on the continuous usage of broadband technology among the youths particularly school children in the rural areas of Malaysia. The objective of this study is to determine the contributing factors for continuous usage of broadband technology among youths in the rural areas. Therefore, a research model was proposed consisting of eight contributing factors for continuous usage of broadband technology. Moreover, the study used quantitative approach by distributing 450 questionnaires to respondents in the northern region of Malaysia. However, only 393 questionnaires were returned which represent 87.33% response rate. The data
collected were analyzed using a Structural Equation Model to investigate the relationship between contributing factors. The results showed that performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, compatibility, facilitating condition, service quality, user behavioural intention and user satisfaction are the significant contributing factors that must be in place to ensure the continuous usage of
broadband among youth in the rural areas. Hence, this study contributes to the body of knowledge in Community Informatics by providing a framework for achieving long-term use of broadband technology among youths in the rural areas, through the integration of Information System Continuance Post Acceptance and Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology models. The factors identified may contribute
as input to the government policy formulations and service providers to ensure continuous demand for broadband from the evidence extracted from this study. Continuous usage of broadband technology in the rural areas would have positive contributions on the academic performance, literacy among youths, bridging the
digital divide in broadband usage, increase home business and national productivity
Zielorientierte Erkennung und Behebung von Qualitätsdefiziten in Software-Systemen am Beispiel der Weiterentwicklungsfähigkeit
The evolvability of software systems is one of the key issues when
considering their long term quality. Continuous changes and extensions of
these systems are neccessary to adjust them to new or changing
requirements. But the changes often cause quality deficiencies, which lead
to an increase in complexity or an architectural decay. Especially quality
deficiencies within the specification or the architecture of a software
system can heavily impair a software system.To counteract this, a method is
developed in this work to support the analysis of a quality goal in order
to identify the quality deficiencies which hinder the achievement of the
quality goal. Both the detection and the removal of quality deficiencies
are accomplished in a systematic way. The method integrates detection of
these quality deficiencies and their removal by reengineering activities
based on rules. The detection of quality deficiencies is performed by means
of measurable quality attributes which are derived from a quality goal,
such as evolvability. In order to demonstrate the practicability of the
method, the quality goal evolvability is taken as an example. This work
shows how a software system can be evaluated with regard to evolvability
based on structural dependencies and which reengineering activities will
improve the system in the direction of this quality goal.To evaluate the
method, it was applied within an industrial case study. By analyzing the
given software system a large number of different quality deficiencies were
detected. Afterwards the system's evolvability was improved substantially
by reengineering activities proposed by the method.FĂĽr unternehmenskritische Software-Systeme, die langlebig und erweiterbar
sein sollen, ist das Qualitätsziel Weiterentwicklungsfähigkeit essentiell.
Kontinuierliche Ă„nderungen und Erweiterungen sind unabdingbar, um solche
Software-Systeme an neue oder veränderte Anforderungen anzupassen. Diese
Maßnahmen verursachen aber auch oft Qualitätsdefizite, die zu einem Anstieg
der Komplexität oder einem Verfall der Architektur führen können. Gerade
Qualitätsdefizite in der Spezifikation oder Architektur können
Software-Systeme stark beeinträchtigen.Um dem entgegenzuwirken, wird in
dieser Arbeit eine Methode entwickelt, welche die Einhaltung von
Qualitätszielen bewerten kann. Dadurch wird sowohl das Erkennen als auch
das Beheben von Qualitätsdefiziten in der Software-Entwicklung ermöglicht.
Qualitätsdefizite werden anhand einer am Qualitätsziel orientierten und
regelbasierten Analyse erkannt und durch zugeordnete
Reengineering-Aktivitäten behoben. Als Beispiel für ein Qualitätsziel wird
die Weiterentwicklungsfähigkeit von Software-Systemen betrachtet. Es wird
gezeigt, wie dieses Qualitätsziel anhand von strukturellen Abhängigkeiten
in Software-Systemen bewertet und durch gezielte Reengineering-Aktivitäten
verbessert werden kann.Um die Methode zu validieren, wurde eine
industrielle Fallstudie durchgefĂĽhrt. Durch den Einsatz der Methode konnten
eine Vielzahl von Qualitätsdefiziten erkannt und behoben werden. Die
Weiterentwicklungsfähigkeit des untersuchten Software-Systems wurde
durch die vorgeschlagenen Reengineering-Aktivitäten entscheidend
verbessert
Architectural Design Decision Documentation through Reuse of Design Patterns
The ADMD3 approach presented in this book enchances the architectural design documentation of decision via reuse of design patterns. It combines the support for evaluation of pattern application, semi-automated documentation of decision rationale and trace links. The approach is based on a new kind of design pattern catalogue, whereby usual pattern descriptions are captured together with question annotations to the patterns and information on architectural structure of patterns
Zielorientierte Erkennung und Behebung von Qualitätsdefiziten in Software-Systemen am Beispiel der Weiterentwicklungsfähigkeit
Für unternehmenskritische Software-Systeme, die langlebig und erweiterbar sein sollen, ist das Qualitätsziel Weiterentwicklungsfähigkeit essentiell. Kontinuierliche Änderungen und Erweiterungen sind unabdingbar, um solche Software-Systeme an neue oder veränderte Anforderungen anzupassen. Diese Maßnahmen verursachen aber auch oft Qualitätsdefizite, die zu einem Anstieg der Komplexität oder einem Verfall der Architektur führen können. Gerade Qualitätsdefizite in der Spezifikation oder Architektur können Software-Systeme stark beeinträchtigen.
Um dem entgegenzuwirken, wird in dieser Arbeit eine Methode entwickelt, welche die Einhaltung von Qualitätszielen bewerten kann. Dadurch wird sowohl das Erkennen als auch das Beheben von Qualitätsdefiziten in der Software-Entwicklung ermöglicht. Qualitätsdefizite werden anhand einer am Qualitätsziel orientierten und regelbasierten Analyse erkannt und durch zugeordnete Reengineering-Aktivitäten behoben. Als Beispiel für ein Qualitätsziel wird die Weiterentwicklungsfähigkeit von Software-Systemen betrachtet. Es wird gezeigt, wie dieses Qualitätsziel anhand von strukturellen Abhängigkeiten in Software-Systemen bewertet und durch gezielte Reengineering-Aktivitäten verbessert werden kann.
Um die Methode zu validieren, wurde eine industrielle Fallstudie durchgeführt. Durch den Einsatz der Methode konnten eine Vielzahl von Qualitätsdefiziten erkannt und behoben werden. Die Weiterentwicklungsfähigkeit des untersuchten Software-Systems wurde durch die vorgeschlagenen Reengineering-Aktivitäten entscheidend verbessert
Resilient Pedagogy: Practical Teaching Strategies to Overcome Distance, Disruption, and Distraction
Resilient Pedagogy offers a comprehensive collection on the topics and issues surrounding resilient pedagogy framed in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and the social justice movements that have swept the globe. As a collection, Resilient Pedagogy is a multi-disciplinary and multi-perspective response to actions taken in different classrooms, across different institution types, and from individuals in different institutional roles with the purpose of allowing readers to explore the topics to improve their own teaching practice and support their own students through distance, disruption, and distraction