Technologies and Applications for Big Data Value

This open access book explores cutting-edge solutions and best practices for big data and data-driven AI applications for the data-driven economy. It provides the reader with a basis for understanding how technical issues can be overcome to offer real-world solutions to major industrial areas. The book starts with an introductory chapter that provides an overview of the book by positioning the following chapters in terms of their contributions to technology frameworks which are key elements of the Big Data Value Public-Private Partnership and the upcoming Partnership on AI, Data and Robotics. The remainder of the book is then arranged in two parts. The first part “Technologies and Methods” contains horizontal contributions of technologies and methods that enable data value chains to be applied in any sector. The second part “Processes and Applications” details experience reports and lessons from using big data and data-driven approaches in processes and applications. Its chapters are co-authored with industry experts and cover domains including health, law, finance, retail, manufacturing, mobility, and smart cities. Contributions emanate from the Big Data Value Public-Private Partnership and the Big Data Value Association, which have acted as the European data community's nucleus to bring together businesses with leading researchers to harness the value of data to benefit society, business, science, and industry. The book is of interest to two primary audiences, first, undergraduate and postgraduate students and researchers in various fields, including big data, data science, data engineering, and machine learning and AI. Second, practitioners and industry experts engaged in data-driven systems, software design and deployment projects who are interested in employing these advanced methods to address real-world problems

Technologies and Applications for Big Data Value

This open access book explores cutting-edge solutions and best practices for big data and data-driven AI applications for the data-driven economy. It provides the reader with a basis for understanding how technical issues can be overcome to offer real-world solutions to major industrial areas. The book starts with an introductory chapter that provides an overview of the book by positioning the following chapters in terms of their contributions to technology frameworks which are key elements of the Big Data Value Public-Private Partnership and the upcoming Partnership on AI, Data and Robotics. The remainder of the book is then arranged in two parts. The first part “Technologies and Methods” contains horizontal contributions of technologies and methods that enable data value chains to be applied in any sector. The second part “Processes and Applications” details experience reports and lessons from using big data and data-driven approaches in processes and applications. Its chapters are co-authored with industry experts and cover domains including health, law, finance, retail, manufacturing, mobility, and smart cities. Contributions emanate from the Big Data Value Public-Private Partnership and the Big Data Value Association, which have acted as the European data community's nucleus to bring together businesses with leading researchers to harness the value of data to benefit society, business, science, and industry. The book is of interest to two primary audiences, first, undergraduate and postgraduate students and researchers in various fields, including big data, data science, data engineering, and machine learning and AI. Second, practitioners and industry experts engaged in data-driven systems, software design and deployment projects who are interested in employing these advanced methods to address real-world problems

RFLOW: uma arquitetura para execução e coleta de proveniência de workflows estatísticos

Este trabalho apresenta a arquitetura Rflow, um conjunto de ferramentas integradas, como o intuito de gerenciar, compartilhar e reproduzir os experimentos científicos baseados em scripts R legados e, também, auxiliar a validar os resulstados estatísticos junto à comunidade científicaDissertação (Mestrado em Modelagem Matemática) - Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica. Orientação de Sérgio Manuel Serra da Cruz. Coorientação de Marcos Baccis Cedia

Supporting Distributed Geo-Processing: A Framework for Managing Multi-Accuracy Spatial Data

Negli ultimi anni molti paesi hanno sviluppato un'infrastruttura tecnologica al fine di gestire i propri dati geografici (Spatial Data Infrastructure, SDI). Tali infrastrutture rechiedono nuove ed efficati metodologie per integrare continuamente dati che provengoono da sorgenti diverse e sono caratterizzati da diversi livelli di qualit\ue0. Questo bisogno \ue8 riconosciuto in letteratura ed \ue8 noto come problema di integrazione del dato (data integration) o fusione di informazioni (information fusion). Un aspetto peculiare dell'integrazione del dato geografico riguarda il matching e l'allineamento degli oggetti geometrici. I metodi esistenti solitamente eseguono l'integrazione semplicemente allineando il database meno accurato con quello pi\uf9 accurato, assumendo che il secondo contenga sempre una rappresentazione migliore delle geometrie rilevate. Seguendo questo approccio, gli oggetti geografici sono combinati assieme in una maniera non ottimale, causando distorsioni che potenzialmente riducono la qualit\ue0 complessiva del database finale. Questa tesi si occupa del problema dell'integrazione del dato spaziale all'interno di una SDI fortemente strutturata, in cui i membri hanno preventivamente aderito ad uno schema globale comune, pertanto si focalizza sul problema dell'integrazione geometrica, assumendo che precedenti operazioni di integrazione sullo schema siano gi\ue0 state eseguire. In particulare, la tesi inizia proponendo un modello per la rappresentazione dell'informazione spaziale caratterizzata da differenti livelli di qualit\ue0, quindi definisce un processo di integrazione che tiene conto dell'accuratezza delle posizioni contenute in entrambi i database coinvoilti. La tecnica di integrazione proposta rappresenta la base per un framework capace di supportare il processamento distributo di dati geografici (geo-processing) nel contesto di una SDI. Il problema di implementare tale computazione distribuita e di lunga durata \ue8 trattato anche da un punto di vista pratico attraverso la valutazione dell'applicabilit\ue0 delle tecnologie di workflow esistenti. Tale valutazione ha portato alla definizione di una soluzione software ideale, le cui caratteristiche sono discusse negli ultimi capitoli, considerando come caso di studio il design del processo di integrazione proposto.In the last years many countries have developed a Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) to manage their geographical information. Large SDIs require new effective techniques to continuously integrate spatial data coming from different sources and characterized by different quality levels. This need is recognized in the scientific literature and is known as data integration or information fusion problem. A specific aspect of spatial data integration concerns the matching and alignment of object geometries. Existing methods mainly perform the integration by simply aligning the less accurate database with the more accurate one, assuming that the latter always contains a better representation of the relevant geometries. Following this approach, spatial entities are merged together in a sub-optimal manner, causing distortions that potentially reduce the overall database quality. This thesis deals with the problem of spatial data integration in a highly-coupled SDI where members have already adhered to a common global schema, hence it focuses on the geometric integration problem assuming that some schema matching operations have already been performed. In particular, the thesis initially proposes a model for representing spatial data together with their quality characteristics, producing a multi-accuracy spatial database, then it defines a novel integration process that takes care of the different positional accuracies of the involved source databases. The main goal of such process is to preserve coherence and consistency of the integrated data and when possible enhancing its accuracy. The proposed multi-accuracy spatial data model and the related integration technique represent the basis for a framework able to support distributed geo-processing in a SDI context. The problem of implementing such long-running distributed computations is also treated from a practical perspective by evaluating the applicability of existing workflow technologies. This evaluation leads to the definition of an ideal software solution, whose characteristics are discussed in the last chapters by considering the design of the proposed integration process as a motivating example

As normas técnicas e sua importância no comércio mundial

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Economia, Administração e Contabilidade, Departamento de Economia, 2012.O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar subsídios para compreensão das funções e relevância das normas técnicas na economia mundial e particularmente no Brasil. Elementos são suscitados tanto mediante a revisão bibliográfica bem como por meio das duas pesquisas. Na primeira pesquisa identificou-se a participação brasileira e de diversos países no processo de elaboração de normas técnicas no âmbito da “International Organization for Standardization” (ISO) e sua correlação com indicadores de volume de comércio, competitividade, atividade econômica e grau de abertura. Para isso foram utilizados dados da Organização Mundial de Comércio (OMC) e do Fórum Econômico Mundial. Verificou-se que o processo de normalização na ISO é influenciado principalmente pelos países detentores de maior Produto interno Bruto (PIB) e por membros da Organização para Desenvolvimento (OCDE). As relações identificadas constatam uma forte correlação entre exportação, importação e representatividade dos países nos comitês da ISO. Por outro lado, constatou-se uma fraca correlação entre a participação dos países nos comitês da ISO e o estágio de abertura comercial. Na segunda pesquisa, avaliou-se o uso e a extensão de aplicação de normas técnicas nacionais e internacionais em regulamentos técnicos brasileiros, para eletrodomésticos, comparativamente ao procedimento adotado por órgãos regulamentadores de países selecionados integrantes da OCDE. _______________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACTThe objective of this work is to contribute for understanding the functions and relevance of technical standards in the world economy and particularly in Brazil. Elements are raised by both the literature review as well as through the two surveys. The first study identified the participation of Brazil and several countries in the process of drafting technical standards under the "International Organization for Standardization" (ISO) and its correlation with volume indicators on trade, competitiveness, economic activity and degree of openness . For this study used data from the World Trade Organization (WTO) and the World Economic Forum. It was found that the ISO standardization process is influenced mainly by countries with higher Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and members of the Organization for Economic Development (OECD). Relationships note identified a strong correlation between export and import countries' representation on committees of ISO. Moreover, there was a weak correlation between countries' participation in the committees of ISO and stage of trade liberalization. In the second study, we evaluated the use and extent of application of national technical standards and international regulations Brazilian technicians to appliances, compared to the procedure adopted by regulators in selected countries members of the OECD