BEBASKAN ANAK BELAJAR DENGAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN BANDURA

Model pembelajaran Bandura merupakan salah satu dari sekian banyak model pembelajaran yang menarik untuk dipelajari dan diaplikasikan dalam proses pembelajaran. Untuk mengetahui seperti apa model pembelajaran Bandura, tulisan ini yang merupakan sebuah kajian teori akan mendeskripsikannya. Model pembelajaran bandura didasarkan pada teori belajar social (social learning theory). Menurut teori ini bahwa belajar merupakan hasil dari proses observasi pembelajar terhadap suatu model. Orang tua, guru, teman sebaya dapat dijadikan model dalam proses belajar dengan menggunakan pendekatan social learning theory. Ada empat komponen penting dalam model pembelajaran Bandura yang perlu diperhatikan yaitu attentional, retention, motor reproduction dan motivational. keempat komponen inilah yang menjadi hal penting dalam pelaksanaan model pembelajaran Bandura

An Anti-Human ICAM-1 Antibody Inhibits Rhinovirus-Induced Exacerbations of Lung Inflammation

Human rhinoviruses (HRV) cause the majority of common colds and acute exacerbations of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Effective therapies are urgently needed, but no licensed treatments or vaccines currently exist. Of the 100 identified serotypes, ∼90% bind domain 1 of human intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) as their cellular receptor, making this an attractive target for development of therapies; however, ICAM-1 domain 1 is also required for host defence and regulation of cell trafficking, principally via its major ligand LFA-1. Using a mouse anti-human ICAM-1 antibody (14C11) that specifically binds domain 1 of human ICAM-1, we show that 14C11 administered topically or systemically prevented entry of two major groups of rhinoviruses, HRV16 and HRV14, and reduced cellular inflammation, pro-inflammatory cytokine induction and virus load in vivo. 14C11 also reduced cellular inflammation and Th2 cytokine/chemokine production in a model of major group HRV-induced asthma exacerbation. Interestingly, 14C11 did not prevent cell adhesion via human ICAM-1/LFA-1 interactions in vitro, suggesting the epitope targeted by 14C11 was specific for viral entry. Thus a human ICAM-1 domain-1-specific antibody can prevent major group HRV entry and induction of airway inflammation in vivo

PECAM-1 engagement counteracts ICAM-1-induced signaling in brain vascular endothelial cells

Interactions between leukocytes and vascular endothelial cells are mediated by a complex set of membrane adhesion molecules which transduce bi-directional signals in both cell types. Endothelium of the cerebral blood vessels, which constitute the blood–brain barrier, strictly controls adhesion and trafficking of leukocytes into the brain. Investigating signaling pathways triggered by the engagement of adhesion molecules expressed on brain endothelial cells, we previously documented the role of ICAM-1 in activation of the tyrosine phosphorylation of several actin-binding proteins and subsequent rearrangements of the actin cytoskeleton. In the present study, we show that, whereas PECAM-1 is known to control positively the trans-endothelial migration of leukocytes via homophilic interactions between leukocytes and endothelial cells, PECAM-1 engagement on brain endothelial surface unexpectedly counteracts the ICAM-1-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of cortactin and rearrangements of the actin cytoskeleton. We present evidence that the PECAM-1-associated tyrosine phosphatase SHP-2 is required for ICAM-1 signaling, suggesting that its activity might crucially contribute to the regulation of ICAM-1 signaling by PECAM-1. Our findings reveal a novel activity for PECAM-1 which, by counteracting ICAM-1-induced activation, could directly contribute to limit activation and maintain integrity of brain vascular endothelium

T Cell Migration from Inflamed Skin to Draining Lymph Nodes Requires Intralymphatic Crawling Supported by ICAM-1/LFA-1 Interactions.

T cells are the most abundant cell type found in afferent lymph, but their migration through lymphatic vessels (LVs) remains poorly understood. Performing intravital microscopy in the murine skin, we imaged T cell migration through afferent LVs in vivo. T cells entered into and actively migrated within lymphatic capillaries but were passively transported in contractile collecting vessels. Intralymphatic T cell number and motility were increased during contact-hypersensitivity-induced inflammation and dependent on ICAM-1/LFA-1 interactions. In vitro, blockade of endothelial cell-expressed ICAM-1 reduced T cell adhesion, crawling, and transmigration across lymphatic endothelium and decreased T cell advancement from capillaries into lymphatic collectors in skin explants. In vivo, T cell migration to draining lymph nodes was significantly reduced upon ICAM-1 or LFA-1 blockade. Our findings indicate that T cell migration through LVs occurs in distinct steps and reveal a key role for ICAM-1/LFA-1 interactions in this process

Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Contributes to Ischemia- and Reperfusion-Induced Endothelial Activation in Isolated Hearts

During myocardial reperfusion, polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) adhesion involving the intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) may lead to aggravation and prolongation of reperfusion injury. We studied the role of early tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) cleavage and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation on ICAM-1 expression and venular adhesion of PMN in isolated hearts after ischemia (15 minutes) and reperfusion (30 to 480 minutes). NF-κB activation (electromobility shift assay) was found after 30 minutes of reperfusion and up to 240 minutes. ICAM-1 mRNA, assessed by Northern blot, increased during the same interval. Functional effect of newly synthesized adhesion molecules was found by quantification (in situ fluorescence microscopy) of PMN, given as bolus after ischemia, which became adherent to small coronary venules (10 to 50 mm in diameter). After 480 minutes of reperfusion, ICAM-1–dependent PMN adhesion increased 2.5-fold compared with PMN adhesion obtained during acute reperfusion. To study the influence of NF-κB on PMN adhesion, we inhibited NF-κB activation by transfection of NF-κB decoy oligonucleotides into isolated hearts using HJV-liposomes. Decoy NF-κB but not control oligonucleotides blocked ICAM-1 upregulation and inhibited the subacute increase in PMN adhesion. Similar effects were obtained using BB 1101 (10 μg), an inhibitor of TNF-α cleavage enzyme. These data suggest that ischemia and reperfusion in isolated hearts cause liberation of TNF-α, activation of NF-κB, and upregulation of ICAM-1, an adhesion molecule involved in inflammatory response after ischemia and reperfusion

Circulating adhesion molecules and arterial stiffness

Aim: VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 are two important members of the immunoglobulin gene superfamily of adhesion molecules, and their potential role as biomarkers of diagnosis, severity and prognosis of cardiovascular disease has been investigated in a number of clinical studies. The aim of the present study was to determine the relationship between circulating ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 levels and aortic stiffness in patients referred for echocardiographic examination. Methods: Aortic distensibility was determined by echocardiography using systolic and diastolic aortic diameters in 63 consecutive patients referred for echocardiography. Venous samples were collected in the morning after a 12-hour overnight fast, and serum concentrations of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 were measured using commercial enzyme immunoassay kits. Results: Data of a total of 63 participants (mean age 55.6 ± 10.5 years, 31 male) were included in the study. Circulating levels of adhesion molecules were VCAM-1: 12.604 ± 3.904 ng/ml and ICAM-1: 45.417 ± 31.429 ng/ml. We were unable to demonstrate any correlation between indices of aortic stiffness and VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 levels. Conclusion: The role of soluble adhesion molecules in cardiovascular disease has not been fully established and clinical studies show inconsistent results. Our results indicate that levels of circulating adhesion molecules cannot be used as markers of aortic stiffness in patients

Deskriptif Kecerdasan Emosional Anak Di Tinjau Dari Status Sosial Ekonomi Orang Tua Di Kelompok B Tk Negeri Pembina Desa Bunoyo Kecamatam Paguat Kabupaten Pohuwato

Kecerdasan emosional merupakan bentuk pengendalian diri dan cara berinteraksi dengan orang lain yang harus dimiliki oleh anak sejak dini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) menggambarkan kecerdasan emosional anak di kelompok B TK Negeri Pembina Bunuyo Kecamatan Paguat Kabupaten Pohuwato; (2) mendeskripsikan kondisi status sosial ekonomi orang tua dalam mendukung kecerdasan anak di kelompok B TK Negeri Pembina Bunuyo Kecamatan Paguat Kabupaten Pohuwato. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriftif kualitatif. Partisipan dalam penelitian adalah 5 orang anak kelompok B, 5 orang tua dan 2 orang guru wali Kelas kelompok B. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data yaitu reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dan pembahasan bahwa kecerdasan emosional anak di tinjau dari status sosial ekonomi orang tua di kelompok B TK Negeri Pembina Bunuyo Kecamatan Paguat Kabupaten Pohuwato yaitu berpengaruh dari pendidikan yang dimiliki orang tua dalam dalam mengasuh anak saja. Status pekerjaan dan pendapatan orang tua tidak berpengaruh karena semua orang tua anak di TK Negeri Pembina bisa memenuhi kebutuhan anaknya dengan baik. Status pekerjaan dan pendapatan orang tua tidak bisa menjamin anak itu bisa baik kecerdasan emosionalnya karena kecerdasan emosional di ukur dari perilaku dan sikap anak terhadap orang lain. _________________________________________________ Kata kunci: kecerdasan emosional anak; status sosial ekonom

Pelaksanaan E-learning Pada Masa Covid-19 di Fakultas Ilmu Pendidikan

Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa: 1)  Pelaksanaan e-learning pada masa pandemi covid-19 di Fakultas Ilmu Pendidikan Universitas Negeri dimulai sejak adanya Surat Edaran Rektor Universitas Negeri Gorontalo pada Bulan Maret 2020. Pelaksanaan e-learning dilaksanakan di semua Jurusan yang ada di Fakultas Ilmu Pendidikan. Siat ung sebagai Learning Manajemen System dan penggunaan aplikasi. Alokasi waktu pelaksanaan e-learning berlangsung paling minimal selama satu jam dan maksimal sesuai dengan kesepakatan dosen dan mahasiswa. Kos atau rumah merupakan tempat yang digunakan oleh mahasiswa ataupun dosen untuk melakukan perkuliahan secara e-learning. Diskusi secara e-learning sama seperti dengan proses diskusi perkuliahan secara tatap muka. Pelaksanaan e-learning pada masa pandemi covid-19 di Fakultas Ilmu Pendidikan dilakukan secara sinkronus dan asinkronus. Dibutuhkan penelitian lebih lanjut dalam hal pelaksanaan evaluasi, kebermanfaatan dan tujuan pembelajaran dalam pelaksanaan e-learning. 2) Faktor penghambat  pelaksanaan e-learning pada masa pandemi covid-19 yakni berupa kualitas jaringan internet yang tidak baik, mahasiswa yang tidak mememiliki laptop dalam mengerjakan tugas kuliah dan orang tua mahasiswa yang mengajak bekerja saat perkuliahan berlangsung dan faktor pendukung yakni menyiapkan infrastruktur perkuliahan e-learning berupa akun zoom meeting premium dan bantuan paket data. Selain itu peningkatan kemampuan dosen menjadi hal lain yang mendukung terlaksananya perkuliahan secara e-learning

Cytoadherence and virulence - the case of Plasmodium knowlesi malaria.

BACKGROUND: Cytoadherence of infected red blood cells to brain endothelium is causally implicated in malarial coma, one of the severe manifestations of falciparum malaria. Cytoadherence is mediated by specific binding of variant parasite antigens, expressed on the surface of infected erythrocytes, to endothelial receptors including, ICAM-1, VCAM and CD36. In fatal cases of severe falciparum malaria with coma, blood vessels in the brain are characteristically congested with infected erythrocytes. Brain sections from a fatal case of knowlesi malaria, but without coma, were similarly congested with infected erythrocytes. The objective of this study was to determine the binding phenotype of Plasmodium knowlesi infected human erythrocytes to recombinant human ICAM-1, VCAM and CD36. METHODS: Five patients with PCR-confirmed P. knowlesi malaria were recruited into the study with consent between April and August 2010. Pre-treatment venous blood was washed and cultured ex vivo to increase the proportion of schizont-infected erythrocytes. Cultured blood was seeded into Petri dishes with triplicate areas coated with ICAM-1, VCAM and CD36. Following incubation at 37°C for one hour the dishes were washed and the number of infected erythrocytes bound/mm2 to PBS control areas and to recombinant human ICAM-1 VCAM and CD36 coated areas were recorded. Each assay was performed in duplicate. Assay performance was monitored with the Plasmodium falciparum clone HB3. RESULTS: Blood samples were cultured ex vivo for up to 14.5 h (mean 11.3 ± 1.9 h) to increase the relative proportion of mature trophozoite and schizont-infected red blood cells to at least 50% (mean 65.8 ± 17.51%). Three (60%) isolates bound significantly to ICAM-1 and VCAM, one (20%) isolate bound to VCAM and none of the five bound significantly to CD36. CONCLUSIONS: Plasmodium knowlesi infected erythrocytes from human subjects bind in a specific but variable manner to the inducible endothelial receptors ICAM-1 and VCAM. Binding to the constitutively-expressed endothelial receptor CD36 was not detected. Further work will be required to define the pathological consequences of these interactions

The Effect of Caterpillar Game on Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) in Early Childhood Education

Purpose – This study aimed to determine the effect of the caterpillar game on Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) in children aged 5-6 years at TK Negeri Pembina Ki Hajar Dewantoro, Dungingi District, Gorontalo City.Design/methods/approach – The research uses experimental quantitative with pre-experimental type one grub pre-test and post-test. Data analysis used the Shapiro-Wilk normality test, followed by a t-test using SPPS software. Research respondents consisted of 30 children.Findings – The findings of this study resulted in an analysis of the value of the tcount amounted to 3,689. While the value of the ttable (α) = 0.05, which equals 0.674. If tcount >ttable 3.689 >0.674, in other words, tcount > ttable, then H 0 rejected and H 1 received. So that there is an influence between the caterpillar game on the ability of Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) in children aged 5-6 years at the State Kindergarten of Pembina Ki Hajar Dewantoro, Dungingi District, Gorontalo City.Research implications/limitations – This study focuses on children aged 5-6, the activity, and how the child completes the task correctly. In the learning process, some children are still challenged in their level of understanding, so there is a need for proper implementation of learning.Practical implications – This research contributes in the form of innovations to teachers in providing fun learning and references for the teaching team in developing learning media for children.Originality/value – This research provides an in-depth understanding of learning media innovation and developing Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) on early childhood education.Paper type: Research pape