I AM A SMART PHONE USER - KEY INSIGHTS FROM THE FINNISH MARKET

Smart phones are seen to drive the development of mobile applications and a more or less intuitive belief is that once the users have a smart phone they will download applications and start using a wider variety of mobile services and/or more advanced mobile services. In this paper we describe Finnish smart phone users based on a survey study carried out with a random sample representative of Finnish consumers between the ages of 16 and 64. We divide smart phone users into three categories based on the range and frequency of using different mobile services and applications. We find, in addition to a small ‘power user’ group (15 %) and a substantial set of ‘interested but inactive users’ (47 %), that 38 % of smart phone users do not use their devices for any advanced services and have a low motivation to continue using smart phones in the future. The demand for and the sales of smart phones is growing rapidly; combined with this is the notion that users of smart phones will become users of more advanced applications and a wider variety of services, which will give a boost to the mobile service market. In light of our results we believe this development is slower to happen than expected. Also noteworthy is the sizeable minority of decidedly underwhelmed smart phone users, who are likely to jump ship to simpler devices

From MCom Visions to Mobile Value Services

The first papers on mobile commerce were offered to the Bled conference commencing in 2000. Initially, they were not received with enthusiasm; the reviewers were rather sceptical as to the research methods used and the visions of a global m-commerce offered. Nevertheless, the first panel sessions were overcrowded and the eBled organizers quickly recognized a new and exciting movement taking shape. The rest is – as the saying goes – history. There are around 6 billion mobile phone users in the world but the mobile services in actual use are – besides voice calls and SMS – rather few (at least in comparison to the hype around smart phones). Based on our experience from annual series of consumer studies we argue that there are fundamental misunderstandings in relation to both the mobile service concept and the basis for building user value. By following the development of mobile technology over a 10 year interval we have found out – much to our surprise - that not much has changed in the actual use of mobile services despite the fact that we have had about three generations of mobile phones during these 10 years. We have summarized insight from panels run at the eBled conferences and from a number of papers presented at the conference and worked out a description of the development of mobile commerce and mobile services

Emergence of Mobility Market Platforms - Case: Mobility as a Service in Finland

This master’s thesis studies Mobility as a Service (MaaS) – a recent phenomenon in the Finnish public transportation industry that has gained widespread interest both in Finland and globally. At the core of MaaS are new mobility operators that facilitate interaction between transportation service providers and users by bundling existing services into mobility packages that enable so-called door-to-door travel. This bundling is facilitated by digital platforms, which allow users to compare alternative transportation services and purchase travel chains in one go. The empirical purpose of this master’s thesis was to describe and analyze the concept of Mobility as a Service and its development in Finland. Two primary research questions were asked: (1) What kind of mobility systems are currently emerging around the Mobility as a Service ideology inFinland? (2) How do the emerging mobility systems co-create value with their end users? To this end, two MaaS pilots and two startups were studied. The purpose was on one hand to describe these initiatives at a general level, and on the other hand to analyze how they co-create value with their end users. The research was conducted as a qualitative, multiple-case study, and the primary data collection method was semi-structured interviews. The theoretical purpose of this research was to bridge two streams of literature: platform theory and Service Science. Both literatures are relevant to studying Mobility as a Service, as both are involved in exploring services and the role of ICT and data in service innovation. Both literatures were reviewed in an effort to find relevant concepts and theory frameworks that could allow creating conceptual links between the two theories. As a result, a theory framework was created that brings together the technological-managerial perspective of platform theory and the value co-creation perspective of Service Science. The framework was then tested through analyzing the MaaS cases. The main empirical finding of this master’s thesis was that the all four MaaS cases can be classified as market platforms. According to platform theory, market platforms facilitate direct interaction between two or more actors that are affiliated with the platform. The MaaS cases co-create value with their end users by facilitating efficient resource exchange and integration between end users and transportation service providers. They do so by providing information about alternatives as well as maps, ticketing and payment tools and other structures that allow the users to view alternatives, plan journeys, and purchase service bundles. The findings are in line with extant platform and Service Science theories. With that being said, the cases are all at pre-market-penetration stage, and overall, MaaS is still mostly an ideology that awaits testing. Empirically, this master’s thesis increases our understanding of existing MaaS platforms and their development. Theoretically, the main contribution was the development of the platform framework that combines platform theory with Service Science

Digital Wellness for Young Elderly: Research Methodology and Technology Adaptation

The age group 60-74 is labelled the “young elderly” and refers to people in transition from working life to retirement. Studies of mobile services have shown that young elderly customers are regarded as “not trainable” and “not interesting”. Digital wellness services for the “young elderly” with mobile technology represent a new approach to wellness. We compared wellness services on mobile smartphones and did a detailed study of one of them. We found out that standard methodology for developing digital services does not work out too well for the “young elderly” and implemented action design research

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Uncovering population dynamics using mobile phone data : the case of Helsinki Metropolitan Area

Understanding the whereabouts of people in time and space is necessary for unraveling how our societies function. Regardless, our understanding of human presence is predominantly based on static residential population data, which is often outdated and excludes certain population groups, such as commuters or tourists. In the light of development towards 24-hour societies and the needs for promoting sustainable and equitable urban planning, reliable data of population dynamics are needed. To this end, ubiquitous mobile phones provide an attractive source for estimating the spatiotemporal digital footprints of people. In this study, I set out to investigate 1) the feasibility of three different aggregated network-based mobile phone data – the number of voice calls, data transmission and general network connection attempts – as a proxy for human presence, 2) how does the population distribution vary in Helsinki Metropolitan Area over the course of a regular weekday and 3) the role of temporally-sensitive population data when analysing dynamic accessibility to grocery stores and transport hubs. To my best knowledge, this is the first attempt when mobile phone data is used to reveal population dynamics for scientific purposes in Finland. Mobile phone data collected by the mobile network operator Elisa in 2017–2018 and ancillary data about land cover, buildings and a time use survey were used to estimate the 24-hour population distribution of the Helsinki Metropolitan Area. The mobile phone data were allocated to statistical 250 m x 250 m grid cells using an advanced dasymetric interpolation method and validated against population register data from Statistics Finland. The resulting 24-hour population was used to map the pulse of the city and to introduce the first fully dynamic accessibility model in the study area. The results show that data use is a good proxy for people and outperforms voice calls or overall network connection attempts. During daytime, the static population overestimates the population in residential areas and underestimates the population in work and service areas. In general, the 24-hour population reveals the pulse of a city, which is highlighted especially in the inner city of Helsinki, where the relative share of population of the study area increases by 50 % from the share at night-time to its peak at noon. The results of the case study suggest that integrating dynamic population data to location-based accessibility analysis provides more realistic results compared to static population data, but the significance of dynamic population data depends on the study context and research questions. In summary, aggregated network-driven mobile phone data is a feasible alternative for dynamic population modelling, however, different mobile phone data types vary in representativeness, which should be taken into account when using mobile phone data in research. To this end, critical evaluation of data and transparent data description are essential. Overall, understanding 24-hour societies and supporting sustainable urban planning necessitates dynamic population data, but advancements in data policy and availability are needed to harvest these possibilities. The results of this study also provide new empirical insights of the population dynamics in the study area, which can be used to advance planning and decision making.Ymmärrys väestön alueellisen jakautumisen ajallisesta vaihtelusta on keskeistä yhteiskuntamme toiminnan ymmärtämiseksi. Tästä huolimatta ymmärrys ihmisten läsnäolosta on vähäistä ja perustuu pääasiassa staattisiin asuinpaikkakohtaisiin väestötietoihin, jotka ovat usein vanhentuneita ja saattavat johtaa eräiden väestöryhmien, kuten työmatkalaisten tai turistien, sivuuttamiseen. Kehityksen kohti ympärivuorokautista yhteiskuntaa ja kestävän ja tasa-arvoisen kaupunkisuunnittelun edistämisen tarpeiden valossa tarvitaan luotettavia tietoja väestön dynamiikasta. Tässä tutkimuksessa tarkastelin 1) kolmen eri verkkopohjaisen matkapuhelinaineiston – puheluiden, tiedonsiirtoyhteyksien ja verkkoyhteyksien muodostusyritysten lukumäärän – soveltuvuutta ihmisen läsnäolon kuvaajana, 2) miten väestöjakauma vaihtelee pääkaupunkiseudulla säännöllisen arkipäivän aikana ja 3) temporaalisten väestötietojen käytön roolia saavutettavuusmallinnuksessa tarkasteltaessa ruokakauppojen ja liikenteen solmukohtien saavutettavuutta joukkoliikenteellä. Parhaan tietämykseni mukaan tämä on ensimmäinen kerta, kun matkapuhelinaineistoja käytetään väestön dynamiikan tarkasteluun tieteellisiin tarkoituksiin Suomessa. Matkapuhelinoperaattori Elisan keräämiä matkapuhelinaineistoja (2017–2018) sekä aineistoja maankäytöstä, rakennuksista ja ajankäyttötutkimuksen tuloksia käytettiin pääkaupunkiseudun 24 tunnin väestöjakauman arvioimiseen. Matkapuhelimen tiedot allokoitiin 250 m x 250 m tilastoruutuihin käyttäen edistynyttä dasymetristä interpolointimenetelmää ja validoitiin Tilastokeskuksen väestörekisteritietoja käyttäen. Tuloksena saatua 24 tunnin väestöaineistoa käytettiin kaupungin pulssin analysointiin ja ensimmäisen täysin dynaamisen saavutettavuusmallin toteuttamiseen tutkimusalueella. Tutkimuksen tulokset osoittavat, että matkapuhelinten tiedonsiirto on hyvä kuvaaja ihmisten sijainnille ja parempi kuin puhelut tai verkkoyhteyksien muodostusyritykset. Päivän aikana staattinen väestöaineisto yliarvioi väestöä erityisesti asuinalueilla samalla aliarvioiden väestöä alueilla, joilla on työpaikka- tai palvelukeskittymiä. Yleisesti katsottuna 24 tunnin väestö paljastaa kaupungin pulssin, mikä korostuu erityisesti Helsingin keskustassa, jossa tutkimusalueen väestön suhteellinen osuus kasvaa 50 %:lla yöstä sen huippuun keskipäivällä. Tapaustutkimuksen tulokset havainnollistavat kuinka dynaamisen väestötietojen integroiminen sijaintipohjaiseen saavutettavuustarkasteluun tarjoaa realistisempia tuloksia verrattuna staattiseen väestöaineistoon, mutta dynaamisten väestötietojen integroimisen merkitys riippuu tutkimuksen kontekstista ja tutkimuskysymyksistä. Yhteenvetona voidaan todeta, että aggregoitu verkkopohjainen matkapuhelinaineisto on hyvä vaihtoehto dynaamisen väestön mallintamiseen, mutta soveltuvuus vaihtelee aineistojen välillä, mikä on tärkeä huomioida käytettäessä matkapuhelinaineistoja tutkimuksessa. Tätä vasten aineiston kriittinen tarkastelu ja läpinäkyvä aineiston dokumentointi on olennaista. Kaiken kaikkiaan 24 tunnin yhteiskuntien ymmärtäminen ja kestävän kaupunkisuunnittelun tukeminen edellyttävät dynaamisia väestötietoja, mutta tietopolitiikan ja aineistojen saatavuuden edistäminen on välttämätöntä tämän toteutumiseksi. Tämä työ tarjoaa myös uutta empiiristä tietoa väestön dynamiikasta pääkaupunkiseudulla, jota voidaan käyttää suunnittelun ja päätöksenteon tukena

BUSINESS POTENTIAL FOR AUGMENTED REALITY APPLICATIONS : Attitudes and concerns inside the focus groups consisting of JAMK students

This paper studies the expectations, beliefs and concerns that students of JAMK University of Applied Sciences have towards augmented reality. The goal is to map out potential future augmented reality applications and to understand what kind of concerns do the university students have about the technology and its applications. The theoretical framework consists of thorough information about augmented reality; its history, the current situation and the future of the technology. In addition, specific traits of high tech markets were studied in order to understand in what kind of an environment do these types of applications exist. Also focus group method is thoroughly explained for the reader. The research is based on qualitative focus group research. Four focus group interviews were conducted in April 2013 with 22 people. Participants were Finnish and international students from JAMK. Participants found augmented reality applications that offer additional information, guide the user or help them make for example purchasing decisions valuable. Use of augmented reality in educational and business areas was seen as a potential direction. Applications that were designed for fun purposes did not interest the participants, the lifespan of such applications was a major concern. Future research could be conducted with people of different age groups in order to understand better how they perceive augmented reality and how they see the future of it.Opinnäytetyössä tutkitaan Jyväskylän Ammattikorkeakoulun opiskelijoiden odotuksia, uskomuksia ja huolia Lisättyyn Todellisuuteen (Augmented Reality) liittyen. Tutkimuksen tavoitteena on selvittää minkälaisia Lisätyn Todellisuuden sovelluksia nähdään potentiaalisina tulevaisuudessa. Lisäksi tavoitteena on ymmärtää minkälaisia huolia opiskelijoilla on kyseiseen teknologiaan ja sovelluksiin liittyen. Teoreettinen viitekehys pohjautuu perusteelliseen Lisätyn Todellisuuden historian, nykyisen tilanteen ja tulevaisuuden läpikäymiseen. Lisäksi high tech-markkinoiden erityispiirteitä tarkastellaan tarkoin, jotta voidaan ymmärtää minkälaisessa ympäristössä tähän teknologiaan pohjautuvat tuotteet tulevat olemaan. Lukijalle kerrotaan myös tarkasti fokusryhmä-metodista ja sen käytöstä. Tutkimus pohjautuu kvalitatiiviseen fokusryhmä-tutkimukseen. Huhtikuussa 2013 pidettiin neljä fokusryhmähaastattelua 22 ihmiselle. Osanottajina haastatteluissa oli suomalaisia ja kansainvälisiä opiskelijoita JAMK:sta. Haastatteluissa kiinnostaviksi koettiin lisätyn todellisuuden-sovellukset, jotka tarjoavat lisäinformaatiota, opastavat käyttäjää tai auttavat käyttäjää muutoin, esimerkiksi tekemään ostopäätöksen. Opetuksellinen ja ammattillinen käyttö nähtiin kiinnostavana, uskottiin että tällä teknologialla olisi potentiaalia näillä alueilla. Sovellukset, jotka oltiin suunniteltu pelkästään viihdekäyttöön eivät herättäneet paljoa kiinnostusta osanottajissa. Tämänkaltaisten sovellusten käyttöiän epäiltiin olevan lyhyt. Tulevaisuudessa tutkimuksia voitaisiin tehdä eri ikäryhmille, täten voitaisiin paremmin ymmärtää heidän näkemyksensä Lisätystä Todellisuudesta ja kuinka he näkevät sen tulevaisuuden olevan

Young mobile users: Radical and individual – Not

The use of mobile phones by youth has stirred a plethora of research in different fields. Literature has analyzed in length the changes and adoption patterns related to the evolving telecommunications industry. This body of knowledge often makes assumptions on the changes in consumer profiles and the value of different features. In this study we take an longitudinal approach by analysing the results of 1&nbsp;928 responses to an online questionnaire conducted in Finland to students of a university in the Spring 2012 and on against the reanalysis of the responses of the Finnish students of upper secondary schools in the Spring 2001 and study on undergraduate students in 2006&ndash;2007. The results indicate that the youth and young adults of Finland, often argued to be an advanced country for mobile services, are surprisingly conservative towards new mobile devices and services. The changes in technology and service offering in a decade, has had a limited impact in attitudes and feature valuation, which sets significant implications to increasing adoption and usage.</span

Understanding the current trends in mobile crowdsensing - a business model perspective: case MyGeo Trust

Crowdsensing and personal data markets that have emerged around it have rapidly gained momentum in parallel with the appearance of mobile devices. Collecting information via mobile sensors and the applications relying on these, the privacy of mobile users can be threatened, especially in the case of location-related data. In 2015, a research project called MyGeoTrust was initiated to investigate this issue. One aim of the project was to study the potential business models for a trusted, open-source crowdsourcing platform. This study, carried within the MyGeoTrust project, reviews existing literature about business models, location-based services, and open-source software development. It then investigates the relationship between these topics and mobile crowdsensing. As a whole, this thesis provides an overview on the development of location-based services, as well as the current trends and business models in crowdsensing. The empirical part of the thesis employs embedded case study methodology, acquiring empirical data from several sources. The analyzed case is the MyGeoTrust project itself, and other empirical data is collected via market analysis, interim reports, a user survey, and semi-structured interviews. This material forms the baseline for the empirical study and project-specific recommendations. The findings suggest that creating a two- or multisided platform is the most robust business model for mobile crowdsensing. The identified benefits of platform-based business models include facilitating the value exchange between self-governing groups and possibilities to build positive network effects. This is especially the case with open-source software and open data since the key value for users - or “the crowd” in other terms - is created through network effects. In the context of open business models, strategic planning, principally licensing, plays a central role. Also, for a differentiated platform like MyGeoTrust finding the critical mass of users is crucial, in order to create an appealing alternative to current market leaders. Lastly, this study examines how transformational political or legal factors may shape the scene and create requirements for novel, privacy-perceiving solutions. In the present case study, the upcoming European Union (EU) General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) legislation is a central example of such a factor

Struggles and successes - How the internet and social media have affected the design and crafts industry

Recently, due to the dominance of mass-production, independent designers and craftspeople are now facing various challenges. Social media platforms and content-rich websites are used in innovative ways to promote stronger relationships between craftspeople and consumers, while improving the quality and reliability of local crafts and their provenance. The core purpose is to discover the current situation of independent designers and craftspeople, and more specifically, to investigate how internet marketing and selling methods are used by independent designers and craftspeople to help them gain fame and reach international customers. The SANTAKANI project will be used as a case study in support of the research and learning goals of this paper. The research process is framed into two distinct phases: a background study and project development. In the background study phase, empathic design methodologies were utilized to understand the current situation of designers and craftspeople, including their struggles in utilizing internet marketing. Based on user insights in the project development phase, lean startup development methodologies were used to constantly evaluate and improve the project. Paper mock-up, wireframe, and different versions of the SANTAKANI web platform were reviewed to achieve a deeper insight from both the designers and their customers. The findings brought out the preference of the independent designers and handicrafts people when adapting a new marketing service. It also revealed the internet browsing and design product purchasing habits of the design consumers. In particular, the results provide a specific focus on Chinese designer consumers and their attitudes toward overseas design products