Hypothesis exploration with visualization of variance.

BackgroundThe Consortium for Neuropsychiatric Phenomics (CNP) at UCLA was an investigation into the biological bases of traits such as memory and response inhibition phenotypes-to explore whether they are linked to syndromes including ADHD, Bipolar disorder, and Schizophrenia. An aim of the consortium was in moving from traditional categorical approaches for psychiatric syndromes towards more quantitative approaches based on large-scale analysis of the space of human variation. It represented an application of phenomics-wide-scale, systematic study of phenotypes-to neuropsychiatry research.ResultsThis paper reports on a system for exploration of hypotheses in data obtained from the LA2K, LA3C, and LA5C studies in CNP. ViVA is a system for exploratory data analysis using novel mathematical models and methods for visualization of variance. An example of these methods is called VISOVA, a combination of visualization and analysis of variance, with the flavor of exploration associated with ANOVA in biomedical hypothesis generation. It permits visual identification of phenotype profiles-patterns of values across phenotypes-that characterize groups. Visualization enables screening and refinement of hypotheses about variance structure of sets of phenotypes.ConclusionsThe ViVA system was designed for exploration of neuropsychiatric hypotheses by interdisciplinary teams. Automated visualization in ViVA supports 'natural selection' on a pool of hypotheses, and permits deeper understanding of the statistical architecture of the data. Large-scale perspective of this kind could lead to better neuropsychiatric diagnostics

Variation in the Use of Subregional Integration Courts between Business and Human Rights Actors: The Case of the East African Court of Justice

Residential energy visualization has increased in popularity during the past years, due to both legislation and an increased focus on the environmental impact of buildings. Meanwhile, the European energy efficiency directive has raised a debate on legislation on individual metering and charging (IMC), in which many negative voices among property owners and developers are being raised. The controversies bring interesting aspects to the analysis of energy visualization and its prerequisite IMC. This thesis will analyze the possibilities and barriers to implement residential energy visualization in new buildings in Stockholm, and the focus will be on local developers' perspective. The purpose of the thesis is to establish Stockholm developers' willingness to pay (WTP) for an IMC and energy visualization solution. The thesis defines perceived utility as the driving force for WTP, and accordingly the developer WTP is analyzed by evaluation of the developers' perceived utility of different technical aspects of an energy visualization solution. The solution has been modularized into three modules; IMC of hot water, IMC of heating and residential visualization. The hypothesis is that utility of the solution modules is perceived differently depending on developer ownership and developer business model; if the developer builds for property management or to sell. The empirical data has been collected through twelve in-depth interviews with developers in Stockholm. The developers were of different size, ownership and with different business models. When looking at the developers from an overall perspective, the analysis shows that there is some willingness to pay for IMC of hot water but none for IMC of heating. It can also be seen that residential visualization is something that the developers have some interest in although the overall WTP is considered low. Although environmental and fairness aspects are often mentioned by the developers in the context of IMC and energy visualization, operational and financial utility seem to be more influential in driving willingness to pay and as these utilities are not perceived, the overall WTP is low or non-existent for IMC and energy visualization. The hypothesis that developers would perceive utility differently depending on ownership or business model, if they build for property management of for sales, could not be proven. There are possibly tendencies for such differences but in this study such patterns were not clear enough to state the hypothesis as true. Additional to the WTP and developer groups, insights and takeaways are presented. The insights and takeaways are based on opportunities and risks that developers perceive with IMC and visualization, as well as requirements they have on the systems

Pengaruh Motivated Sequence Iklan Rokok Dji Sam Soe Versi 99 Tahun Cita Rasa Legendaris Terhadap Minat Beli Konsumen Di Palembang

This study aimed to examine the effect of motivated sequence Dji Sam Soe version 99 Year Legendary Taste advertising to Consumer purchase intention. Attention, Need, Satisfaction, Visualization and Action is an advertising message that can influence consumers to buy. The population in this study is people in the city of Palembang. The sample was mostly people who see cigarette ads "Dji Sam Soe version of the 99-year Legendary Taste", the 100 respondents in the city of Palembang. This study used purposive sampling technique sampling. Hypothesis testing using multiple regression analysis using SPSS ver. 17.0. The test results show that the Attention, Need, Satisfaction, Visualization and Action significantly influences consumer purchase intention Dji Sam Soe cigarettes version 99 Year Legendary Taste in Palembang

Spline histogram method for reconstruction of probability density function of clusters of galaxies

We describe the spline histogram algorithm which is useful for visualization of the probability density function setting up a statistical hypothesis for a test. The spline histogram is constructed from discrete data measurements using tensioned cubic spline interpolation of the cumulative distribution function which is then differentiated and smoothed using the Savitzky-Golay filter. The optimal width of the filter is determined by minimization of the Integrated Square Error function. The current distribution of the TCSplin algorithm written in f77 with IDL and Gnuplot visualization scripts is available from http://www.virac.lv/en/soft.htmlComment: 8 pages, 3 figures, to be published in "Galaxies and Chaos: Theory and Observations", eds. N.Voglis, G.Contoupoulos, conference proceedings (CD version), uses Springer Verlag svmult.cls style file

Visualization with hierarchically structured trees for an explanation reasoning system

This work is concerned with an application of drawing hierarchically structured trees. The tree drawing is applied to an explanation reasoning system. The reasoning is based on synthetic abduction (hypothesis) that gets a case from a rule and a result. In other words, the system searches a proper environment to get a desired result. In order that the system may be reliably related to the amount of rules which are used to get the answer, we visualize a process of reasoning to show how rules have concern with the process. Since the process of reasoning in the system makes a hierarchically structured tree, the visualization of reasoning is a drawing of a hierarchically structured tree. We propose a method of visualization that is applicable to the explanation reasoning system.</p