Hybrid satellite terrestrial relay networks with cooperative non-orthogonal multiple access

In this letter, we investigate the outage probability (OP) and ergodic capacity of the downlink hybrid satellite terrestrial relay networks (HSTRNs) with a cooperative non-orthogonal multiple access (C-NOMA) scheme, in which a user with better channel condition acts as a relay node and forwards information to other users, thus alleviating the masking effect of users with poor channel conditions in heavy shadowing. Specifically, the exact analytical expression for the OP of the considered system is derived. Furthermore, the ergodic capacity expression is also developed to facilitate performance evaluation of the proposed framework. Finally, the simulations are provided to show the impact of key parameters on the considered system and the superiority of introducing the C-NOMA scheme to the HSTRNs

Integrated Satellite-Terrestrial System Capacity Over Mix Shadowed Rician and Nakagami Channels

In this paper, we evaluate the ergodic capacity analysis of a integrated satellite-terrestrial cooperative communication system under independent and non-identical shadowed Rician and Nakagami-m fading channels. Multiple cooperative relay nodes are assumed between satellite and the destination node. Amplify-and-forward (AF) cooperative protocol is used at each fixed relay node for signal amplification. While for signals combining at the destination node, the maximum ratio combining(MRC) technique is exploited. An analytical approach is derived to evaluate the performance of the system in terms of ergodic capacity. We derive the approximate closed-form expression for calculating the ergodic capacity of the proposed system. It is shown that the derived analytical expression is very tight and applicable to the general operating conditions with the help of satellite channel date available from the literature. The analytical results are compared with Monte Carlo simulations, and they seem to agree well

Performance analysis of NOMA-based land mobile satellite networks

Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) scheme, which has the ability to superpose information in the power domain and serve multiple users on the same time/frequency resource, is regarded as an effective solution to increase transmit rate and fairness. In this paper, we introduce the NOMA scheme in a downlink land mobile satellite (LMS) network and present a comprehensive performance analysis for the considered system. Specifically, we first obtain the power allocation coefficients by maximizing the sum rate while meeting the predefined target rates of each NOMA user. Then, we derive the theoretical expressions for the ergodic capacity and the energy efficiency of the considered system. Moreover, the outage probability (OP) and average symbol error rate performances of NOMA users are derived analytically. To gain further insights, we derive the asymptotic OP at the high signal-to-noise ratio regime to characterize the diversity orders and coding gains of NOMA users. Finally, simulation results are provided to validate the theoretical analysis as well as the superiority of employing the NOMA scheme in the LMS system, and show the impact of key parameters, such as fading configurations and user selection strategy on the performance of NOMA users

Hybrid satellite-terrestrial relay network: proposed model and application of power splitting multiple access

The development of hybrid satellite-terrestrial relay networks (HSTRNs) is one of the driving forces for revolutionizing satellite communications in the modern era. Although there are many unique features of conventional satellite networks, their evolution pace is much slower than the terrestrial wireless networks. As a result, it is becoming more important to use HSTRNs for the seamless integration of terrestrial cellular and satellite communications. With this intent, this paper provides a comprehensive performance evaluation of HSTRNs employing non-orthogonal multiple access technique. The terrestrial relay is considered to be wireless-powered and harvests energy from the radio signal of the satellite. For the sake of comparison, both amplify-and-forward (AF) and decode-and-forward (DF) relaying protocols are considered. Subsequently, the closed-form expressions of outage probabilities and ergodic capacities are derived for each relaying protocol. Extensive simulations are performed to verify the accuracy of the obtained closed-form expressions. The results provided in this work characterize the outage and capacity performance of such a HSTRN.publishe

Performance Analysis of NOMA-Based Land Mobile Satellite Networks

Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) scheme, which has the ability to superpose information in the power domain and serve multiple users on the same time/frequency resource, is regarded as an effective solution to increase transmit rate and fairness. In this paper, we introduce the NOMA scheme in a downlink land mobile satellite (LMS) network and present a comprehensive performance analysis for the considered system. Specifically, we first obtain the power allocation coefficients by maximizing the sum rate while meeting the predefined target rates of each NOMA user. Then, we derive the theoretical expressions for the ergodic capacity and the energy efficiency of the considered system. Moreover, the outage probability (OP) and average symbol error rate performances of NOMA users are derived analytically. To gain further insights, we derive the asymptotic OP at the high signal-to-noise ratio regime to characterize the diversity orders and coding gains of NOMA users. Finally, simulation results are provided to validate the theoretical analysis as well as the superiority of employing the NOMA scheme in the LMS system, and show the impact of key parameters, such as fading configurations and user selection strategy on the performance of NOMA users

A Survey on UAV-Aided Maritime Communications: Deployment Considerations, Applications, and Future Challenges

Maritime activities represent a major domain of economic growth with several emerging maritime Internet of Things use cases, such as smart ports, autonomous navigation, and ocean monitoring systems. The major enabler for this exciting ecosystem is the provision of broadband, low-delay, and reliable wireless coverage to the ever-increasing number of vessels, buoys, platforms, sensors, and actuators. Towards this end, the integration of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in maritime communications introduces an aerial dimension to wireless connectivity going above and beyond current deployments, which are mainly relying on shore-based base stations with limited coverage and satellite links with high latency. Considering the potential of UAV-aided wireless communications, this survey presents the state-of-the-art in UAV-aided maritime communications, which, in general, are based on both conventional optimization and machine-learning-aided approaches. More specifically, relevant UAV-based network architectures are discussed together with the role of their building blocks. Then, physical-layer, resource management, and cloud/edge computing and caching UAV-aided solutions in maritime environments are discussed and grouped based on their performance targets. Moreover, as UAVs are characterized by flexible deployment with high re-positioning capabilities, studies on UAV trajectory optimization for maritime applications are thoroughly discussed. In addition, aiming at shedding light on the current status of real-world deployments, experimental studies on UAV-aided maritime communications are presented and implementation details are given. Finally, several important open issues in the area of UAV-aided maritime communications are given, related to the integration of sixth generation (6G) advancements

Exact Symbol Error Probability of Hybrid/Integrated Satellite-Terrestrial Cooperative Network

International audienceIn this paper, we study the Symbol Error Probability (SEP) performance of a hybrid/integrated satellite-terrestrial cooperative network. In particular, we focus on the case of mobile relays that forward the satellite signal to a masked mobile destination node. The Selective Decode-and-Forward (SDF) transmission scheme is implemented and only the relay nodes which can successfully decode the satellite message are selected to retransmit the signal. The destination node exploits the spatial diversity advantages by implementing a typical Maximum Ratio Combining (MRC) technique. The closed-form expressions for the exact average SEP of the arbitrary M-ary phase shift keying and M-ary quadrature amplitude modulation signaling with MRC diversity reception over independent but not necessarily identically distributed fading channels are derived using a Moment Generating Function (MGF) approach. These closed-form expressions are represented in terms of a finite sum of Lauricella hypergeometric functions. The analytical expressions show excellent agreement with the simulation results. Numerical results show that for a system using QPSK under the frequent heavy shadowed fading condition, the diversity gain of approximately 7 dB can be obtained at the SEP of 10^{-1} with respect to the direct transmission, when only one relay is used. It increases to around 12 dB in the case of 3 relays