643 research outputs found
Hybrid Beamforming via the Kronecker Decomposition for the Millimeter-Wave Massive MIMO Systems
Despite its promising performance gain, the realization of mmWave massive
MIMO still faces several practical challenges. In particular, implementing
massive MIMO in the digital domain requires hundreds of RF chains matching the
number of antennas. Furthermore, designing these components to operate at the
mmWave frequencies is challenging and costly. These motivated the recent
development of hybrid-beamforming where MIMO processing is divided for separate
implementation in the analog and digital domains, called the analog and digital
beamforming, respectively. Analog beamforming using a phase array introduces
uni-modulus constraints on the beamforming coefficients, rendering the
conventional MIMO techniques unsuitable and call for new designs. In this
paper, we present a systematic design framework for hybrid beamforming for
multi-cell multiuser massive MIMO systems over mmWave channels characterized by
sparse propagation paths. The framework relies on the decomposition of analog
beamforming vectors and path observation vectors into Kronecker products of
factors being uni-modulus vectors. Exploiting properties of Kronecker mixed
products, different factors of the analog beamformer are designed for either
nulling interference paths or coherently combining data paths. Furthermore, a
channel estimation scheme is designed for enabling the proposed hybrid
beamforming. The scheme estimates the AoA of data and interference paths by
analog beam scanning and data-path gains by analog beam steering. The
performance of the channel estimation scheme is analyzed. In particular, the
AoA spectrum resulting from beam scanning, which displays the magnitude
distribution of paths over the AoA range, is derived in closed-form. It is
shown that the inter-cell interference level diminishes inversely with the
array size, the square root of pilot sequence length and the spatial separation
between paths.Comment: Submitted to IEEE JSAC Special Issue on Millimeter Wave
Communications for Future Mobile Networks, minor revisio
Hybrid Precoder and Combiner Design with Low Resolution Phase Shifters in mmWave MIMO Systems
Millimeter wave (mmWave) communications have been considered as a key
technology for next generation cellular systems and Wi-Fi networks because of
its advances in providing orders-of-magnitude wider bandwidth than current
wireless networks. Economical and energy efficient analog/digial hybrid
precoding and combining transceivers have been often proposed for mmWave
massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems to overcome the severe
propagation loss of mmWave channels. One major shortcoming of existing
solutions lies in the assumption of infinite or high-resolution phase shifters
(PSs) to realize the analog beamformers. However, low-resolution PSs are
typically adopted in practice to reduce the hardware cost and power
consumption. Motivated by this fact, in this paper, we investigate the
practical design of hybrid precoders and combiners with low-resolution PSs in
mmWave MIMO systems. In particular, we propose an iterative algorithm which
successively designs the low-resolution analog precoder and combiner pair for
each data stream, aiming at conditionally maximizing the spectral efficiency.
Then, the digital precoder and combiner are computed based on the obtained
effective baseband channel to further enhance the spectral efficiency. In an
effort to achieve an even more hardware-efficient large antenna array, we also
investigate the design of hybrid beamformers with one-bit resolution (binary)
PSs, and present a novel binary analog precoder and combiner optimization
algorithm with quadratic complexity in the number of antennas. The proposed
low-resolution hybrid beamforming design is further extended to multiuser MIMO
communication systems. Simulation results demonstrate the performance
advantages of the proposed algorithms compared to existing low-resolution
hybrid beamforming designs, particularly for the one-bit resolution PS
scenario
Integrating millimeter wave with hybrid precoding multiuser massive MIMO for 5G communication
Nowadays, there has been growing interest in the Massive MIMO as a result of improving throughput by leveraging spatial freedom and array gain. It is equipped with millimeter wave (mm Wave) bands to resolve the high path-loss. It is known from the literature that iterated algorithms are usually used to attain the hybrid precoders to accomplish a specific optimization objective. Thus, the complexity remains high because each iteration may include singular value decomposition, the matrix inversion, and so on that motivates us to split the hybrid precoding and combining problem into sub-problems. The proposed solution is a multi-user Massive MIMO hybrid beamforming based on a convex optimization problem that is applied and solved for estimating the digital precoding to eliminate inter-user interference while using codebooks to select analog beamformers. It is apparent in the majority of cases; the proposed beamforming performance is higher than only-analog beamforming, single-user (no interference), the ZF precoding, the MMSE precoding, and the Kalman precoding where the full digital solution is a considerable as the benchmark point with different scenarios due to the reduction of user interference. Thus, there is no consideration for complicated operations such as SVD or inversion matrices as well as no need for data estimation. Our proposed solution can serve a large number of users simultaneously due to more directive gain by using numerous antennas at BS. Based on its less complexity and keeping performance, our solution can be recommended
Millimetre-wave antennas and systems for the future 5G
Editorial of the special issue on Millimetre-Wave Antennas and Systems for the Future 5
- …