Decision-making and strategic thinking through analogies

When faced with a complex scenario, how does understanding arise in one’s mind? How does one integrate disparate cues into a global, meaningful whole? Consider the chess game: how do humans avoid the combinatorial explosion? How are abstract ideas represented? The purpose of this paper is to propose a new computational model of human chess intuition and intelligence. We suggest that analogies and abstract roles are crucial to solving these landmark problems. We present a proof-of-concept model, in the form of a computational architecture, which may be able to account for many crucial aspects of human intuition, such as (i) concentration of attention to relevant aspects, (ii) \ud how humans may avoid the combinatorial explosion, (iii) perception of similarity at a strategic level, and (iv) a state of meaningful anticipation over how a global scenario \ud may evolve

Kenyon Collegian - February 25, 2021

https://digital.kenyon.edu/collegian/3547/thumbnail.jp

The Queen's Gambit : Explaining the superstar effect using evidence from chess

Superstars exist in classrooms and workplaces. Superstars can intimidate others and create a negative performance shock, or they can encourage others by inspiring everybody to “step up their game.” In this study, we examine two effects: the impact of head-to-head competition with a superstar (direct) effect and the influence of a superstar presence on players' performance (indirect) effect. We find that the direct superstar effect in theory and in the data is always negative. The indirect superstar effect is neutral in theory, but depends on the intensity of the superstar in the data: if the skill gap between the superstar and the rest is small (large), there is a positive (negative) indirect effect

Models of scientific discovery: what do they explain?

Motivated by the renewed interest in knowledge discovery from data (KDD) by the artificial intelligence community, this paper provides a critical assessment of models of discovery in science. The most influential research program, called BACON, is using the model of data-driven induction. Two of the main claims by this research program, the descriptive and constructive power of data-driven induction, are evaluated by means of two historical cases studies: the discovery of the sine law of refraction in optics and Kepler’s third law of planetary motion. I will concentrate on the first claim that the computational model used by BACON provides an explanation of the real historical cases. The explanatory power of BACON’s model will be challenged by providing evidence that the data used by the program – despite the claims being made by the authors – does not correspond with the historical data available to Kepler and his contemporaries. Furthermore, it is shown that for the two cases the method by which the general law was arrived at did not involve data-driven induction. Finally, the value of the data-driven induction as a general model for scientific discovery is being questioned. An outline of an alternative model of hypothesis generation and testing will be offered for one of the case studies

Kenyon Collegian - November 23, 1909

https://digital.kenyon.edu/collegian/2474/thumbnail.jp

Búsqueda automática de problemas de táctica en partidas de ajedrez

El proyecto surge de la importancia que tiene para un jugador de ajedrez aprender de los errores que comete. Como dijo la leyenda del ajedrez José Raúl Capablanca:1 “De pocas partidas he aprendido tanto como de la mayoría de mis derrotas”. Los problemas de táctica son sin duda una buena forma de mejorar la habilidad de un jugador de ajedrez, especialmente en este aspecto del juego, la táctica. Pero para entender qué es la táctica y qué significa en el ajedrez es necesario saber qué es y cómo se juega al ajedrez.Ingeniería Informátic

The New Hampshire, Vol. 16, No. 20 (Mar 4, 1926)

An independent student produced newspaper from the University of New Hampshire

TYLER KLINE’S \u3cem\u3eRENDER\u3c/em\u3e: A FORMAL ANALYSIS AND PERFORMANCE GUIDE

Since the 1950s, composers worldwide have explored the use of the trombone in new and exciting ways, from expanding the functional range of the instrument to creating unique timbres through the use of mutes and extended techniques. Since then, many standard works in the literature have been born from this pushing of the envelope from composers like John Cage, Luciano Berio, Iannis Xenakis, and Daniel Schnyder. On the forefront of the newest crop of composers expanding the voice of the trombone is Tyler Kline (b. 1991). This project will function as a formal analysis and performer’s guide to his 2015 work render for bass or tenor trombone and fixed electronics. Through examination of this music, as well as a discussion with the composer and performances of this work, the performer will gain insight into the inspirations behind this work, Kline’s compositions on the whole, as well as performance considerations for this work. In addition to the performance guide, a recording of render, as well as several other works of Kline’s, will be produced and released as an album through New Branch Records in Lexington, KY