Tree Buffers

In runtime verification, the central problem is to decide if a given program execution violates a given property. In online runtime verification, a monitor observes a program’s execution as it happens. If the program being observed has hard real-time constraints, then the monitor inherits them. In the presence of hard real-time constraints it becomes a challenge to maintain enough information to produce error traces, should a property violation be observed. In this paper we introduce a data structure, called tree buffer, that solves this problem in the context of automata-based monitors: If the monitor itself respects hard real-time constraints, then enriching it by tree buffers makes it possible to provide error traces, which are essential for diagnosing defects. We show that tree buffers are also useful in other application domains. For example, they can be used to implement functionality of capturing groups in regular expressions. We prove optimal asymptotic bounds for our data structure, and validate them using empirical data from two sources: regular expression searching through Wikipedia, and runtime verification of execution traces obtained from the DaCapo test suite

From printed to "wikified" encyclopedias: sociological aspects of an incipient cultural revolution

1. Introductory remarks; 2. The new "asymmetric competition" between open source networks and conventional bureaucratic organizations; 3. The Wikipedia as an encyclopedic project; 4. “Wikis” as tools for focused and cumulative intellectual productions; 5. Six Dimensions of WP growth and evolution; 5.1 Worldwide multilingual diffusion; 5.2 Staff expansion; 5.3 Diversification; 5.4 Elaboration; 5.5. Increases in internal cohesion; 5.6. External Embedment; 6. On the potentials and limits of wiki-based open source encyclopedias: some preliminary conclusions after six years of experience; 6.1 Free self-recruitment of collaborators; 6.2 Extensive and efficient exploitation of intrinsic motivations; 6.3 Low needs for capital and organization; 6.4 Multicultural segmentation; 6.5 Flexible polymorphic organization; 6.6 Community embedment; 6.7 Keeping pace with current events and discoveries; 6.8 Changing usage patterns and user roles; 6.9 Public visibility of production processes and resilient adaptation; 5.10 Unguided incrementalism and unplanned “memetic evolution”; 6.11 "WP-Notability" as a new digital divide; 7. Conclusive remarks; Reference

Flexible RDF data extraction from Wiktionary - Leveraging the power of community build linguistic wikis

We present a declarative approach implemented in a comprehensive opensource framework (based on DBpedia) to extract lexical-semantic resources (an ontology about language use) from Wiktionary. The data currently includes language, part of speech, senses, definitions, synonyms, taxonomies (hyponyms, hyperonyms, synonyms, antonyms) and translations for each lexical word. Main focus is on flexibility to the loose schema and configurability towards differing language-editions ofWiktionary. This is achieved by a declarative mediator/wrapper approach. The goal is, to allow the addition of languages just by configuration without the need of programming, thus enabling the swift and resource-conserving adaptation of wrappers by domain experts. The extracted data is as fine granular as the source data in Wiktionary and additionally follows the lemon model. It enables use cases like disambiguation or machine translation. By offering a linked data service, we hope to extend DBpedia’s central role in the LOD infrastructure to the world of Open Linguistics.

When in doubt ask the crowd : leveraging collective intelligence for improving event detection and machine learning

[no abstract

The Wooster Voice (Wooster, OH), 2016-10-21

The Story of the Week Second Title IX Investigation opened against the College, talks about the second Title IX investigation opened against the College. In Campus Council releases official alcohol policy, the Campus College published the revised alcohol policy. College celebrates 150th anniversary inauguration, talks about how the community gathers together to celebrate 150th birthday of the College of Wooster. In Dr. Mark Wilson earns fellowship in the Paleontological Society, professor of geology and the Lewis M. and Marian Senter Nixon Professor of Natural Sciences is selected to be inducted into the Paleontological Society. Phi Sigma Alpha celebrates their centennial with alumni, talks about how the fraternity Phi Sigma Alpha celebrates their 100th anniversary.https://openworks.wooster.edu/voice2012-2020/1008/thumbnail.jp

Web 2.0 as syndication

There is considerable excitement about the notion of 'Web 2.0', particularly among Internet businesspeople. In contrast, there is an almost complete lack of formal literature on the topic. It is important that movements with such energy and potential be subjected to critical attention, and that industry and social commentators have the opportunity to draw on the eCommerce research literature in formulating their views

Text complexity and text simplification in the crisis management domain

Due to the fact that emergency situations can lead to substantial losses, both financial and in terms of human lives, it is essential that texts used in a crisis situation be clearly understandable. This thesis is concerned with the study of the complexity of the crisis management sub-language and with methods to produce new, clear texts and to rewrite pre-existing crisis management documents which are too complex to be understood. By doing this, this interdisciplinary study makes several contributions to the crisis management field. First, it contributes to the knowledge of the complexity of the texts used in the domain, by analysing the presence of a set of written language complexity issues derived from the psycholinguistic literature in a novel corpus of crisis management documents. Second, since the text complexity analysis shows that crisis management documents indeed exhibit high numbers of text complexity issues, the thesis adapts to the English language controlled language writing guidelines which, when applied to the crisis management language, reduce its complexity and ambiguity, leading to clear text documents. Third, since low quality of communication can have fatal consequences in emergency situations, the proposed controlled language guidelines and a set of texts which were re-written according to them are evaluated from multiple points of view. In order to achieve that, the thesis both applies existing evaluation approaches and develops new methods which are more appropriate for the task. These are used in two evaluation experiments – evaluation on extrinsic tasks and evaluation of users’ acceptability. The evaluations on extrinsic tasks (evaluating the impact of the controlled language on text complexity, reading comprehension under stress, manual translation, and machine translation tasks) Text Complexity and Text Simplification in the Crisis Management domain 4 show a positive impact of the controlled language on simplified documents and thus ensure the quality of the resource. The evaluation of users’ acceptability contributes additional findings about manual simplification and helps to determine directions for future implementation. The thesis also gives insight into reading comprehension, machine translation, and cross-language adaptability, and provides original contributions to machine translation, controlled languages, and natural language generation evaluation techniques, which make it valuable for several scientific fields, including Linguistics, Psycholinguistics, and a number of different sub-fields of NLP.EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo

Clothing-based discrimination at work: the case of the Goth subculture

Clothing-based discrimination at work induced by belonging to a subculture is not studied in the literature. This paper aims at contributing to fill this gap through analysis of working conditions of the French Goth subculture. Subjects were contacted individually at random for interviews (1-3h each) examined afterwards through statistical, qualitative, and inductive analyses. Nc=18 cases were considered, confirming a clothing-based discrimination mainly favored by two conditions: working with colleagues whose culture is that of the “majority” and being employed in a company of dual type where domination-submission relationships prevail and where professional identities marked by withdrawal are expected by the management. Results suggested that discrimination could proceed of the combination of several socio-psychological mechanisms: a belief that appearances do matter at work, a negative appearance-based judgment biased by “horn effect” and a consecutive task congruent selection moving towards a negative competencies assessment, a resulting confrontational context developed from an opinion task conflict but expressed in terms of aptitude task, making thus vain Goth subjects’ efforts to resolve the conflict

Quality assurance within non-professional translation teams : action research in the non-profit sector

La traduction bénévole et collaborative, sous ses diverses formes telles que l’initiative Wikipedia, croît de jour en jour et requiert d’être encadrée pour garantir un contrôle de qualité. Et pourtant, la traduction non professionnelle est un domaine encore peu exploré. Dans le milieu de la traduction professionnelle, des critères assez sévères existent en ce qui concerne la formation et l’expérience du traducteur, l’assurance-qualité, les délais, et les droits d’auteur. Néanmoins, dans le cadre de la traduction qui implique la collaboration en ligne et des centaines de traducteurs (souvent bénévoles), ces aspects sont nettement plus flous. Ce projet de recherche aborde la question centrale de l’assurance qualité au sein des équipes de traducteurs non professionnels. Cela se fait sous l’angle de la recherche-action effectuée dans le secteur sans but lucratif, précisément avec le groupe des Traducteurs du Roi que j’ai formé en 2011 pour combler le manque de documentation en français au sein de notre confession religieuse. Il me semblait que nous ne pouvions simplement appliquer à notre équipe les normes et méthodes de la traduction professionnelle pour assurer la qualité. La nature de la traduction non professionnelle exige une approche personnalisée. J’ai décidé d’effectuer des recherches à l’intérieur des Traducteurs du Roi pour élaborer un système d’assurance qualité conçu spécifiquement pour la traduction non professionnelle. En adaptant des modèles professionnels au contexte non professionnel, j’ai été en mesure de créer un processus approprié de sélection des traducteurs, un processus global de révision des traductions et un processus ciblé de formation des traducteurs. Les critères de sélection comprennent les compétences et les traits de caractère qui favorisent la réussite au sein du système d’assurance qualité. Des processus spécifiques de révision sont jumelés aux niveaux de qualité souhaités en fonction de l’objet des documents. La composante de formation se concentre sur les changements de paradigmes encapsulés dans un ensemble de meilleures pratiques pour les traducteurs non professionnels. Ces trois éléments, la sélection, la révision et la formation, se complètent dans un système efficace d’assurance qualité. D’autres équipes de traducteurs non professionnels peuvent intégrer ce système, puisqu’il est spécifiquement adapté aux défis de travailler avec des traducteurs bénévoles et n’est pas spécifique à certaines langues. Mon projet apporte une importante contribution à la traductologie, premièrement en valorisant le domaine de la traduction non professionnelle et en soulignant le besoin d’une approche différente de celle de la traduction professionnelle. Je démontre que l’assurance qualité est possible au sein d’un groupe de traducteurs non professionnels et fournit un système efficace pour y arriver. Plus largement, mes recherches visent à sensibiliser les traductologues à deux idées importantes. D'abord, l'apparition inévitable de nouvelles pratiques de traduction différentes des pratiques traditionnelles, pratiques qu'il conviendra de prendre de plus en plus en compte et dont les leçons pourront être tirées. En outre, les chercheurs pourraient s’efforcer davantage d'assurer que les concepts, les normes et le métalangage de la traductologie soient compréhensibles et applicables dans des contextes non traditionnels.Volunteer and collaborative translation in diverse forms, such as the Wikipedia initiative, is growing daily and needs direction in order to guarantee quality. And yet, non-professional translation is a field that remains largely unexplored. In the realm of professional translation, there are strict criteria related to translator training and experience, quality assurance, deadlines, and copyrights. However, in a context that involves online collaboration and hundreds of translators (often volunteers), these aspects are much less defined. This research project addresses the crucial issue of quality assurance within non-professional translation teams. This is done through the lens of action research carried out in the non-profit sector, specifically with a group called The King’s Translators which I formed in November 2011 to meet the need for French resources within our church denomination. It was apparent to me that we could not simply apply professional translation norms and methods within our team in order to ensure quality. The nature of non-professional translation requires a customized approach. I decided to conduct research from within The King’s Translators to develop a quality assurance system designed specifically for non-professional translation. By adapting professional models to the non-professional environment, I was able to create processes for appropriate translator selection, comprehensive translation revision/editing, and focused translator training. The criteria for translator selection include skills and character traits that enable a team member to succeed within the quality assurance system. Specific translation revision/editing processes are matched to desired quality levels based on the purpose of the translated documents. The translator training component concentrates on paradigm shifts encapsulated in a set of best practices for non-professional translators. These three elements of translator selection, translation revision/editing, and translator training harmonize in an effective quality assurance system. This system can be implemented by other non-professional translation teams, as it is specifically adapted to the challenges of working with volunteer translators and is not language specific. This project makes an important contribution to Translation Studies, first by highlighting the field of non-professional translation and emphasizing the need of an approach different than what is used for professional translation. I demonstrate how quality assurance is possible within a team of non-professional translators and provide an effective system for achieving it. On a broader level, my research aims to make Translation Studies scholars more aware that while new translation practices running counter to traditional mindsets will inevitably emerge, this should not prevent us from investigating and learning from them. In addition, researchers could make a greater effort to ensure that Translation Studies concepts, norms, and metalanguage are understandable and applicable in non-traditional contexts