High-Precision Design of Pedestrian Mobility for Smart City Simulators

The unprecedented growth of the population living in urban environments calls for a rational and sustainable urban development. Smart cities can fill this gap by providing the citizens with high-quality services through efficient use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT). To this end, active citizen participation with mobile crowdsensing (MCS) techniques is a becoming common practice. As MCS systems require wide participation, the development of large scale real testbeds is often not feasible and simulations are the only alternative solution. Modeling the urban environment with high precision is a key ingredient to obtain effective results. However, currently existing tools like OpenStreetMap (OSM) fail to provide sufficient levels of details. In this paper, we apply a procedure to augment the precision (AOP) of the graph describing the street network provided by OSM. Additionally, we compare different mobility models that are synthetic and based on a realistic dataset originated from a well known MCS data collection campaign (ParticipAct). For the dataset, we propose two arrival models that determine the users’ arrivals and match the experimental contact distribution. Finally, we assess the scalability of AOP for different cities, verify popular metrics for human mobility and the precision of different arrival models

Distributed Hybrid Simulation of the Internet of Things and Smart Territories

This paper deals with the use of hybrid simulation to build and compose heterogeneous simulation scenarios that can be proficiently exploited to model and represent the Internet of Things (IoT). Hybrid simulation is a methodology that combines multiple modalities of modeling/simulation. Complex scenarios are decomposed into simpler ones, each one being simulated through a specific simulation strategy. All these simulation building blocks are then synchronized and coordinated. This simulation methodology is an ideal one to represent IoT setups, which are usually very demanding, due to the heterogeneity of possible scenarios arising from the massive deployment of an enormous amount of sensors and devices. We present a use case concerned with the distributed simulation of smart territories, a novel view of decentralized geographical spaces that, thanks to the use of IoT, builds ICT services to manage resources in a way that is sustainable and not harmful to the environment. Three different simulation models are combined together, namely, an adaptive agent-based parallel and distributed simulator, an OMNeT++ based discrete event simulator and a script-language simulator based on MATLAB. Results from a performance analysis confirm the viability of using hybrid simulation to model complex IoT scenarios.Comment: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1605.0487

Multi-objective traffic signal optimization using 3D mesoscopic simulation and evolutionary algorithms

© 2018 Elsevier B.V. Modern cities are currently facing rapid urban growth and struggle to maintain a sustainable development. In this context, “eco-neighbourhoods” became the perfect place for testing new innovative ideas that would reduce congestion and optimize traffic flow. The main motivation of this work is a true and stated need of the Department of Transport in Nancy, France, to improve the traffic flow in a central eco-neighbourhood currently under reconfiguration, reduce travel times and test various traffic control scenarios for a better interconnectivity between urban intersections. Therefore, this paper addresses a multi-objective simulation-based signal control problem through the case study of “Nancy Grand Cœur” (NGC) eco-neighbourhood with the purpose of finding the optimal traffic control plan to reduce congestion during peak hours. Firstly, we build the 3D mesoscopic simulation model of the most circulated intersection (C129) based on specifications from the traffic management centre. The simulation outputs from various scenario testing will be then used as inputs for the optimisation and comparative analysis modules. Secondly, we propose a multi-objective optimization method by using evolutionary algorithms and find the optimal traffic control plan to be used in C129 during morning and evening rush hours. Lastly, we take a more global view and extend the 3D simulation model to three other interconnected intersections, in order to analyse the impact of local optimisation on the surrounding traffic conditions in the eco-neighbourhood. The current proposed simulation-optimisation framework aims at supporting the traffic engineering decision-making process and the smart city dynamic by favouring a sustainable mobility

Sustainable Pavements and Road Materials

The SIIV Arena is a space for discussion in which PhD students and young scholars from various universities illustrate their research on topics of specific interest for the Scientific Disciplinary Sector ICAR/04 “Roads, Railways and Airports”. This volume collects the proceedings of the 7th SIIV Arena, held in Naples on 9 September 2022, and held as part of the XVIII International SIIV Summer School: "Sustainable Pavements and Road Materials". The use of construction and maintenance technologies based on principles of sustainability, resilience and circular economy, are a reference, in synergy with the use of secondary raw materials, for achieving adequate mechanical performance for the road structure, with a reduced environmental impact. and costs. The growth gradient recorded in the field of civil infrastructures has defined an incessant use of natural resources with consequent negative effects in terms of environmental sustainability. The reuse of waste in mix design processes and the use of in situ processing systems and/or "low energy" technologies (i.e., cold and/or warm asphalt mixtures) fully meet the objectives underlying the principles of the circular economy. This volume aims to collect the most innovative research in the sector presented in the context of the 7th SIIV Arena by analyzing aspects relating to the design, construction and maintenance of the pavement and road infrastructure as a whole.PublishedLa SIIV Arena è uno spazio di confronto nel quale dottorandi e giovani studiosi delle diverse sedi accademiche illustrano le loro ricerche su temi di specifico interesse per il Settore Scientifico Disciplinare ICAR/04 “Strade, Ferrovie e Aeroporti”. Questo volume raccoglie gli atti della 7a SIIV Arena, tenutasi a Napoli il 9 settembre 2022, e svoltasi nell’ambito della XVIII International SIIV Summer School: “Sustainable Pavements and Road Materials”. Il ricorso a tecnologie di costruzione e manutenzione basate su principi di sostenibilità, resilienza ed economia circolare, sono di riferimento, in sinergia con l’utilizzo di materie prime seconde, per il raggiungimento di adeguate performance meccaniche per il corpo stradale, a ridotto impatto ambientale e costi. Il gradiente di crescita registrato nell’ambito delle infrastrutture civili ha definito un incessante ricorso all’utilizzo di risorse naturali con conseguenti effetti negativi in termini di sostenibilità ambientale. Il reimpiego di rifiuti nei processi di mix design e il ricorso all’uso di sistemi di lavorazione in situ e/o tecnologie a “bassa energia” (i.e. conglomerati bituminosi a freddo e/o tiepidi) accolgono in pieno gli obiettivi alla base dei principi dell’economia circolare. Tale volume si propone di raccogliere le ricerche più innovative nel settore presentate nell’ambito della 7a SIIV Arena analizzando aspetti relativi alla progettazione, costruzione e manutenzione nel suo complesso delle pavimentazioni e corpo stradale

Sustainable Pavements and Road Materials : Proceedings of the 7th SIIV Arena, Naples, Italy 9th September 2022

[Italiano]: La SIIV Arena è uno spazio di confronto nel quale dottorandi e giovani studiosi delle diverse sedi accademiche illustrano le loro ricerche su temi di specifico interesse per il Settore Scientifico Disciplinare ICAR/04 “Strade, Ferrovie e Aeroporti”. Questo volume raccoglie gli atti della 7a SIIV Arena, tenutasi a Napoli il 9 settembre 2022, e svoltasi nell’ambito della XVIII International SIIV Summer School: “Sustainable Pavements and Road Materials”. Il ricorso a tecnologie di costruzione e manutenzione basate su principi di sostenibilità, resilienza ed economia circolare, sono di riferimento, in sinergia con l’utilizzo di materie prime seconde, per il raggiungimento di adeguate performance meccaniche per il corpo stradale, a ridotto impatto ambientale e costi. Il gradiente di crescita registrato nell’ambito delle infrastrutture civili ha definito un incessante ricorso all’utilizzo di risorse naturali con conseguenti effetti negativi in termini di sostenibilità ambientale. Il reimpiego di rifiuti nei processi di mix design e il ricorso all’uso di sistemi di lavorazione in situ e/o tecnologie a “bassa energia” (i.e. conglomerati bituminosi a freddo e/o tiepidi) accolgono in pieno gli obiettivi alla base dei principi dell’economia circolare. Tale volume si propone di raccogliere le ricerche più innovative nel settore presentate nell’ambito della 7a SIIV Arena analizzando aspetti relativi alla progettazione, costruzione e manutenzione nel suo complesso delle pavimentazioni e corpo stradale./[English]: The SIIV Arena is a space for discussion in which PhD students and young scholars from various universities illustrate their research on topics of specific interest for the Scientific Disciplinary Sector ICAR/04 “Roads, Railways and Airports”. This volume collects the proceedings of the 7th SIIV Arena, held in Naples on 9 September 2022, and held as part of the XVIII International SIIV Summer School: "Sustainable Pavements and Road Materials". The use of construction and maintenance technologies based on principles of sustainability, resilience and circular economy, are a reference, in synergy with the use of secondary raw materials, for achieving adequate mechanical performance for the road structure, with a reduced environmental impact. and costs. The growth gradient recorded in the field of civil infrastructures has defined an incessant use of natural resources with consequent negative effects in terms of environmental sustainability. The reuse of waste in mix design processes and the use of in situ processing systems and/or "low energy" technologies (i.e., cold and/or warm asphalt mixtures) fully meet the objectives underlying the principles of the circular economy. This volume aims to collect the most innovative research in the sector presented in the context of the 7th SIIV Arena by analyzing aspects relating to the design, construction and maintenance of the pavement and road infrastructure as a whole

A systematic review of perception system and simulators for autonomous vehicles research

This paper presents a systematic review of the perception systems and simulators for autonomous vehicles (AV). This work has been divided into three parts. In the first part, perception systems are categorized as environment perception systems and positioning estimation systems. The paper presents the physical fundamentals, principle functioning, and electromagnetic spectrum used to operate the most common sensors used in perception systems (ultrasonic, RADAR, LiDAR, cameras, IMU, GNSS, RTK, etc.). Furthermore, their strengths and weaknesses are shown, and the quantification of their features using spider charts will allow proper selection of different sensors depending on 11 features. In the second part, the main elements to be taken into account in the simulation of a perception system of an AV are presented. For this purpose, the paper describes simulators for model-based development, the main game engines that can be used for simulation, simulators from the robotics field, and lastly simulators used specifically for AV. Finally, the current state of regulations that are being applied in different countries around the world on issues concerning the implementation of autonomous vehicles is presented.This work was partially supported by DGT (ref. SPIP2017-02286) and GenoVision (ref. BFU2017-88300-C2-2-R) Spanish Government projects, and the “Research Programme for Groups of Scientific Excellence in the Region of Murcia" of the Seneca Foundation (Agency for Science and Technology in the Region of Murcia – 19895/GERM/15)

Improving Message Dissemination in Opportunistic Networks

Data transmission has become a need in various fields, like in social networks with the diverse interaction applications, or in the scientific and engineering areas where for example the use of sensors to capture data is growing, or in emergency situations where there is the imperative need to have a communication system to coordinate rescue operations. Wireless networks have been able to solve these issues to a great extent, but what can we do when a fixed supporting infrastructure is not available or becomes inoperative because of saturation? Opportunistic wireless networks are an alternative to consider in these situations, since their operation does not depend on the existence of a telecommunications infrastructure but they provide connectivity through the organized cooperation of users. This research thesis focuses on these types of networks and is aimed at improving the dissemination of information in opportunistic networks analyzing the main causes that influence the performance of data transmission. Opportunistic networks do not depend on a fixed topology but depend on the number and mobility of users, the type and quantity of information generated and sent, as well as the physical characteristics of the mobile devices that users have to transmit the data. The combination of these elements impacts on the duration of the contact time between mobile users, directly affecting the information delivery probability. This thesis starts by presenting a thorough "state of the art" study where we present the most important contributions related to this area and the solutions offered for the evaluation of the opportunistic networks, such as simulation models, routing protocols, simulation tools, among others. After offering this broad background, we evaluate the consumption of the resources of the mobile devices that affect the performance of the the applications of opportunistic networks, both from the energetic and the memory point of view. Next, we analyze the performance of opportunistic networks considering either pedestrian and vehicular environments. The studied approaches include the use of additional fixed nodes and different data transmission technologies, to improve the duration of the contact between mobile devices. Finally, we propose a diffusion scheme to improve the performance of data transmission based on extending the duration of the contact time and the likelihood that users will collaborate in this process. This approach is complemented by the efficient management of the resources of the mobile devices.La transmisión de datos se ha convertido en una necesidad en diversos ámbitos, como en las redes sociales con sus diversas aplicaciones, o en las áreas científicas y de ingeniería donde, por ejemplo, el uso de sensores para capturar datos está creciendo, o en situaciones de emergencia donde impera la necesidad de tener un sistema de comunicación para coordinar las operaciones de rescate. Las redes inalámbricas actuales han sido capaces de resolver estos problemas en gran medida, pero ¿qué podemos hacer cuando una infraestructura de soporte fija no está disponible o estas se vuelven inoperantes debido a la saturación de peticiones de red? Las redes inalámbricas oportunísticas son una alternativa a considerar en estas situaciones, ya que su funcionamiento no depende de la existencia de una infraestructura de telecomunicaciones sino que la conectividad es a través de la cooperación organizada de los usuarios. Esta tesis de investigación se centra en estos tipos de redes oportunísticas y tiene como objetivo mejorar la difusión de información analizando las principales causas que influyen en el rendimiento de la transmisión de datos. Las redes oportunísticas no dependen de una topología fija, sino que dependen del número y la movilidad de los usuarios, del tipo y cantidad de información generada y enviada, así como de las características físicas de los dispositivos móviles que los usuarios tienen para transmitir los datos. La combinación de estos elementos influye en la duración del tiempo de contacto entre usuarios móviles, afectando directamente a la probabilidad de entrega de información. Esta tesis comienza presentando un exhaustivo estudio del ``estado del arte", donde presentamos las contribuciones más importantes relacionadas con esta área y las soluciones existentes para la evaluación de las redes oportunísticas, tales como modelos de simulación, protocolos de enrutamiento, herramientas de simulación, entre otros. Tras ofrecer esta amplia compilación de investigaciones, se evalúa el consumo de recursos de los dispositivos móviles que afectan al rendimiento de las aplicaciones de redes oportunísticas, desde el punto de vista energético así como de la memoria. A continuación, analizamos el rendimiento de las redes oportunísticas considerando tanto los entornos peatonales como vehiculares. Los enfoques estudiados incluyen el uso de nodos fijos adicionales y diferentes tecnologías de transmisión de datos, para mejorar la duración del contacto entre dispositivos móviles. Finalmente, proponemos un esquema de difusión para mejorar el rendimiento de la transmisión de datos basado en la extensión de la duración del tiempo de contacto, y de la probabilidad de que los usuarios colaboren en este proceso. Este enfoque se complementa con la gestión eficiente de los recursos de los dispositivos móviles.La transmissió de dades s'ha convertit en una necessitat en diversos àmbits, com ara en les xarxes socials amb les diverses aplicacions d'interacció, o en les àrees científiques i d'enginyeria, en les quals, per exemple, l'ús de sensors per a capturar dades creix en l'actualitat, o en situacions d'emergència en què impera la necessitat de tenir un sistema de comunicació per a coordinar les operacions de rescat. Les xarxes sense fil han sigut capaces de resoldre aquests problemes en gran manera, però què podem fer quan una infraestructura de suport fixa no està disponible, o bé aquestes es tornen inoperants a causa de la saturació de peticions de xarxa? Les xarxes sense fil oportunistes són una alternativa que cal considerar en aquestes situacions, ja que el funcionament d'aquestes xarxes no depèn de l'existència d'una infraestructura de telecomunicacions, sinó que la connectivitat s'hi aconsegueix a través de la cooperació organitzada dels usuaris. Aquesta tesi de recerca se centra en aquest tipus de xarxes, i té com a objectiu millorar la difusió d'informació en xarxes oportunistes tot analitzant les principals causes que influeixen en el rendiment de la transmissió de dades. Les xarxes oportunistes no depenen d'una topologia fixa, sinó del nombre i la mobilitat dels usuaris, del tipus i la quantitat d'informació generada i enviada, i de les característiques físiques dels dispositius mòbils que els usuaris tenen per a transmetre les dades. La combinació d'aquests elements influeix en la durada del temps de contacte entre usuaris mòbils, i afecta directament la probabilitat de lliurament d'informació. Aquesta tesi comença amb un estudi exhaustiu de l'estat de la qüestió, en què presentem les contribucions més importants relacionades amb aquesta àrea i les solucions oferides per a l'avaluació de les xarxes oportunistes, com ara models de simulació, protocols d'encaminament o eines de simulació, entre d'altres. Després de mostrar aquest ampli panorama, s'avalua el consum dels recursos dels dispositius mòbils que afecten l'acompliment de les aplicacions de xarxes oportunistes, tant des del punt de vista energètic com de la memòria. A continuació, analitzem l'acompliment de xarxes oportunistes considerant tant els entorns de vianants com els vehiculars. Els enfocaments estudiats inclouen l'ús de nodes fixos addicionals i diferents tecnologies de transmissió de dades per a millorar la durada del contacte entre dispositius mòbils. Finalment, proposem un esquema de difusió per a millorar el rendiment de la transmissió de dades basat en l'extensió de la durada del temps de contacte, i de la probabilitat que els usuaris col·laboren en aquest procés. Aquest enfocament es complementa amb la gestió eficient dels recursos dels dispositius mòbils.Herrera Tapia, J. (2017). Improving Message Dissemination in Opportunistic Networks [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/86129TESI

Multi-UAV Integrated Internet of Things System for Generating Safe Map in Post-Disaster

芝浦工業大学2019年