149 research outputs found
Interval-valued algebras and fuzzy logics
In this chapter, we present a propositional calculus for several interval-valued fuzzy logics, i.e., logics having intervals as truth values. More precisely, the truth values are preferably subintervals of the unit interval. The idea behind it is that such an interval can model imprecise information. To compute the truth values of ‘p implies q’ and ‘p and q’, given the truth values of p and q, we use operations from residuated lattices. This truth-functional approach is similar to the methods developed for the well-studied fuzzy logics. Although the interpretation of the intervals as truth values expressing some kind of imprecision is a bit problematic, the purely mathematical study of the properties of interval-valued fuzzy logics and their algebraic semantics can be done without any problem. This study is the focus of this chapter
Implication functions in interval-valued fuzzy set theory
Interval-valued fuzzy set theory is an extension of fuzzy set theory in which the real, but unknown, membership degree is approximated by a closed interval of possible membership degrees. Since implications on the unit interval play an important role in fuzzy set theory, several authors have extended this notion to interval-valued fuzzy set theory. This chapter gives an overview of the results pertaining to implications in interval-valued fuzzy set theory. In particular, we describe several possibilities to represent such implications using implications on the unit interval, we give a characterization of the implications in interval-valued fuzzy set theory which satisfy the Smets-Magrez axioms, we discuss the solutions of a particular distributivity equation involving strict t-norms, we extend monoidal logic to the interval-valued fuzzy case and we give a soundness and completeness theorem which is similar to the one existing for monoidal logic, and finally we discuss some other constructions of implications in interval-valued fuzzy set theory
Dual Logic Concepts based on Mathematical Morphology in Stratified Institutions: Applications to Spatial Reasoning
Several logical operators are defined as dual pairs, in different types of
logics. Such dual pairs of operators also occur in other algebraic theories,
such as mathematical morphology. Based on this observation, this paper proposes
to define, at the abstract level of institutions, a pair of abstract dual and
logical operators as morphological erosion and dilation. Standard quantifiers
and modalities are then derived from these two abstract logical operators.
These operators are studied both on sets of states and sets of models. To cope
with the lack of explicit set of states in institutions, the proposed abstract
logical dual operators are defined in an extension of institutions, the
stratified institutions, which take into account the notion of open sentences,
the satisfaction of which is parametrized by sets of states. A hint on the
potential interest of the proposed framework for spatial reasoning is also
provided.Comment: 36 page
A Fuzzy Logic Programming Environment for Managing Similarity and Truth Degrees
FASILL (acronym of "Fuzzy Aggregators and Similarity Into a Logic Language")
is a fuzzy logic programming language with implicit/explicit truth degree
annotations, a great variety of connectives and unification by similarity.
FASILL integrates and extends features coming from MALP (Multi-Adjoint Logic
Programming, a fuzzy logic language with explicitly annotated rules) and
Bousi~Prolog (which uses a weak unification algorithm and is well suited for
flexible query answering). Hence, it properly manages similarity and truth
degrees in a single framework combining the expressive benefits of both
languages. This paper presents the main features and implementations details of
FASILL. Along the paper we describe its syntax and operational semantics and we
give clues of the implementation of the lattice module and the similarity
module, two of the main building blocks of the new programming environment
which enriches the FLOPER system developed in our research group.Comment: In Proceedings PROLE 2014, arXiv:1501.0169
A family of graded epistemic logics
Multi-Agent Epistemic Logic has been investigated in Computer Science [Fagin, R., J. Halpern, Y. Moses and M. Vardi, “Reasoning about Knowledge,” MIT Press, USA, 1995] to represent and reason about agents or groups of agents knowledge and beliefs. Some extensions aimed to reasoning about knowledge and probabilities [Fagin, R. and J. Halpern, Reasoning about knowledge and probability, Journal of the ACM 41 (1994), pp. 340–367] and also with a fuzzy semantics have been proposed [Fitting, M., Many-valued modal logics, Fundam. Inform. 15 (1991), pp. 235–254; Maruyama, Y., Reasoning about fuzzy belief and common belief: With emphasis on incomparable beliefs, in: IJCAI 2011, Proceedings of the 22nd International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain, July 16–22, 2011, 2011, pp. 1008–1013]. This paper introduces a parametric method to build graded epistemic logics inspired in the systematic method to build Multi-valued Dynamic Logics introduced in [Madeira, A., R. Neves and M. A. Martins, An exercise on the generation of many-valued dynamic logics, J. Log. Algebr. Meth. Program. 85 (2016), pp. 1011–1037. URL http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jlamp.2016.03.004; Madeira, A., R. Neves, M. A. Martins and L. S. Barbosa, A dynamic logic for every season, in: C. Braga and N. Martí-Oliet, editors, Formal Methods: Foundations and Applications – 17th Brazilian Symposium, SBMF 2014, Maceió, AL, Brazil, September 29-October 1, 2014. Proceedings, Lecture Notes in Computer Science 8941 (2014), pp. 130–145. URL http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-15075-8_9]. The parameter in both methods is the same: an action lattice [Kozen, D., On action algebras, Logic and Information Flow (1994), pp. 78–88]. This algebraic structure supports a generic space of agent knowledge operators, as choice, composition and closure (as a Kleene algebra), but also a proper truth space for possible non bivalent interpretation of the assertions (as a residuated lattice).publishe
Foundations of Reasoning with Uncertainty via Real-valued Logics
Real-valued logics underlie an increasing number of neuro-symbolic
approaches, though typically their logical inference capabilities are
characterized only qualitatively. We provide foundations for establishing the
correctness and power of such systems. For the first time, we give a sound and
complete axiomatization for a broad class containing all the common real-valued
logics. This axiomatization allows us to derive exactly what information can be
inferred about the combinations of real values of a collection of formulas
given information about the combinations of real values of several other
collections of formulas. We then extend the axiomatization to deal with
weighted subformulas. Finally, we give a decision procedure based on linear
programming for deciding, under certain natural assumptions, whether a set of
our sentences logically implies another of our sentences.Comment: 9 pages (incl. references), 9 pages supplementary. In submission to
NeurIPS 202
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