Notes in Pure Mathematics & Mathematical Structures in Physics

These Notes deal with various areas of mathematics, and seek reciprocal combinations, explore mutual relations, ranging from abstract objects to problems in physics.Comment: Small improvements and addition

Courbure discrète : théorie et applications

International audienceThe present volume contains the proceedings of the 2013 Meeting on discrete curvature, held at CIRM, Luminy, France. The aim of this meeting was to bring together researchers from various backgrounds, ranging from mathematics to computer science, with a focus on both theory and applications. With 27 invited talks and 8 posters, the conference attracted 70 researchers from all over the world. The challenge of finding a common ground on the topic of discrete curvature was met with success, and these proceedings are a testimony of this wor

Quelques résultats d'approximation et de régularité pour des équations elliptiques et paraboliques non-linéaires

In this thesis we study some approximation and regularity results for viscosity solutions of fully nonlinear elliptic and parabolic equations. In the first chapter, we consider a broad class of fully nonlinear elliptic and parabolic equations with inhomogeneous Neumann boundary conditions. We provide a deterministic control interpretation through two-person repeated games which represents the solution as the limit of the sequence of the scores associated to the games. The Neumann condition is modeled by a suitable penalization near the boundary. Inspiring by an abstract method of Barles and Souganidis, we prove the convergence of the score to the solution of the equation by establishing monotonicity, stability and consistency. The second chapter presents some regularity results about viscosity solutions of parabolic equations associated to a uniformly elliptic operator. First we obtain a Lebesgue measure estimate on the points having a quadratic Taylor expansion with a controlled cubic term. Under an additional assumption on the regularity of the nonlinearity, we deduce a partial regularity result about the Hölder regularity of these solutions. In the third and fourth chapters, we propose a general approach to determine algebraic rates of convergence of solutions of approximation schemes to the viscosity solution of fully nonlinear elliptic or parabolic equations under the assumption of uniform ellipticity of the operator. We first give the rate associated to the elliptic schemes derived by dynamic programming principles and proposed by Kohn and Serfaty. We then prove a rate of convergence for finite-difference schemes implicit in time associated to fully nonlinear parabolic equations.Nous nous intéressons à des résultats d'approximation et de régularité pour des solutions de viscosité d'équations elliptiques et paraboliques non-linéaires. Dans le chapitre 1, nous proposons, pour une classe générale d'équations elliptiques et paraboliques non-linéaires munies de conditions de Neumann inhomogènes, une interprétation de contrôle déterministe par des jeux répétés à deux personnes qui consiste à représenter la solution comme la limite de la suite des scores associés aux jeux. La condition de Neumann intervient par une pénalisation adaptée près de la frontière. En s'inspirant d'une approche abstraite proposée par Barles et Souganidis, nous prouvons la convergence en établissant des propriétés de monotonie, stabilité et consistance. Le chapitre 2 est consacré à des résultats de régularité sur les solutions d'équations paraboliques non-linéaires associés à un opérateur uniformément elliptique. Nous donnons une estimation de la mesure de Lebesgue de l'ensemble des points possédant un développement de Taylor quadratique global avec un contrôle sur la taille du terme cubique. Sous une hypothèse supplémentaire sur la régularité de la non-linéarité, nous en déduisons un résultat de régularité partielle höldérienne des solutions. Dans les chapitres 3 et 4, nous proposons une méthode générale pour obtenir des taux algébriques de convergence de solutions de schémas d'approximation vers la solution de viscosité sous l'hypothèse d'uniforme ellipticité de l'opérateur. Nous donnons un taux de convergence pour des schémas elliptiques obtenus par principe de programmation dynamique et nous prouvons un taux pour des schémas paraboliques par différences finies et implicites en temps

Selected Topics in Gravity, Field Theory and Quantum Mechanics

Quantum field theory has achieved some extraordinary successes over the past sixty years; however, it retains a set of challenging problems. It is not yet able to describe gravity in a mathematically consistent manner. CP violation remains unexplained. Grand unified theories have been eliminated by experiment, and a viable unification model has yet to replace them. Even the highly successful quantum chromodynamics, despite significant computational achievements, struggles to provide theoretical insight into the low-energy regime of quark physics, where the nature and structure of hadrons are determined. The only proposal for resolving the fine-tuning problem, low-energy supersymmetry, has been eliminated by results from the LHC. Since mathematics is the true and proper language for quantitative physical models, we expect new mathematical constructions to provide insight into physical phenomena and fresh approaches for building physical theories

Generalized averaged Gaussian quadrature and applications

A simple numerical method for constructing the optimal generalized averaged Gaussian quadrature formulas will be presented. These formulas exist in many cases in which real positive GaussKronrod formulas do not exist, and can be used as an adequate alternative in order to estimate the error of a Gaussian rule. We also investigate the conditions under which the optimal averaged Gaussian quadrature formulas and their truncated variants are internal