4 research outputs found

    Estimation of the Covariance Matrix of Large Dimensional Data

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    This paper deals with the problem of estimating the covariance matrix of a series of independent multivariate observations, in the case where the dimension of each observation is of the same order as the number of observations. Although such a regime is of interest for many current statistical signal processing and wireless communication issues, traditional methods fail to produce consistent estimators and only recently results relying on large random matrix theory have been unveiled. In this paper, we develop the parametric framework proposed by Mestre, and consider a model where the covariance matrix to be estimated has a (known) finite number of eigenvalues, each of it with an unknown multiplicity. The main contributions of this work are essentially threefold with respect to existing results, and in particular to Mestre's work: To relax the (restrictive) separability assumption, to provide joint consistent estimates for the eigenvalues and their multiplicities, and to study the variance error by means of a Central Limit theorem

    Generalized Consistent Estimation on Low-Rank Krylov Subspaces of Arbitrarily High Dimension

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    Optimal linear shrinkage corrections of sample LMMSE and MVDR estimators

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    La proposici贸 d'estimadors shrinkage 貌ptims que corregeixen la degradaci贸 dels m猫todes sample LMMSE i sample MUDR en el r猫gim on el n煤mero de mostres 茅s petit en comparaci贸 a la dimensi贸 de les observacions.[ANGL脠S] This master thesis proposes optimal shrinkage estimators that counteract the performance degradation of the sample LMMSE and sample MVDR methods in the regime where the sample size is small compared to the observation dimension.[CASTELL脌] Esta m谩ster tesis propone estimadores shrinkage 贸ptimos que corrigen la degradaci贸n de los m茅todos sample LMMSE y sample MVDR en el r茅gimen donde el n煤mero de muestras es peque帽o en comparaci贸n con la dimensi贸n de las observaciones.[CATAL脌] Aquesta m脿ster tesi proposa estimadors shrinkage 貌ptims que corregeixen la degradaci贸 dels m猫todes sample LMMSE i sample MVDR en el r猫gim on el n煤mero de mostres 茅s petit en comparaci贸 a la dimensi贸 de les observacions

    Shrinkage corrections of sample linear estimators in the small sample size regime

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    We are living in a data deluge era where the dimensionality of the data gathered by inexpensive sensors is growing at a fast pace, whereas the availability of independent samples of the observed data is limited. Thus, classical statistical inference methods relying on the assumption that the sample size is large, compared to the observation dimension, are suffering a severe performance degradation. Within this context, this thesis focus on a popular problem in signal processing, the estimation of a parameter, observed through a linear model. This inference is commonly based on a linear filtering of the data. For instance, beamforming in array signal processing, where a spatial filter steers the beampattern of the antenna array towards a direction to obtain the signal of interest (SOI). In signal processing the design of the optimal filters relies on the optimization of performance measures such as the Mean Square Error (MSE) and the Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR). When the first two moments of the SOI are known, the optimization of the MSE leads to the Linear Minimum Mean Square Error (LMMSE). When such statistical information is not available one may force a no distortion constraint towards the SOI in the optimization of the MSE, which is equivalent to maximize the SINR. This leads to the Minimum Variance Distortionless Response (MVDR) method. The LMMSE and MVDR are optimal, though unrealizable in general, since they depend on the inverse of the data correlation, which is not known. The common approach to circumvent this problem is to substitute it for the inverse of the sample correlation matrix (SCM), leading to the sample LMMSE and sample MVDR. This approach is optimal when the number of available statistical samples tends to infinity for a fixed observation dimension. This large sample size scenario hardly holds in practice and the sample methods undergo large performance degradations in the small sample size regime, which may be due to short stationarity constraints or to a system with a high observation dimension. The aim of this thesis is to propose corrections of sample estimators, such as the sample LMMSE and MVDR, to circumvent their performance degradation in the small sample size regime. To this end, two powerful tools are used, shrinkage estimation and random matrix theory (RMT). Shrinkage estimation introduces a structure on the filters that forces some corrections in small sample size situations. They improve sample based estimators by optimizing a bias variance tradeoff. As direct optimization of these shrinkage methods leads to unrealizable estimators, then a consistent estimate of these optimal shrinkage estimators is obtained, within the general asymptotics where both the observation dimension and the sample size tend to infinity, but at a fixed rate. That is, RMT is used to obtain consistent estimates within an asymptotic regime that deals naturally with the small sample size. This RMT approach does not require any assumptions about the distribution of the observations. The proposed filters deal directly with the estimation of the SOI, which leads to performance gains compared to related work methods based on optimizing a metric related to the data covariance estimate or proposing rather ad-hoc regularizations of the SCM. Compared to related work methods which also treat directly the estimation of the SOI and which are based on a shrinkage of the SCM, the proposed filter structure is more general. It contemplates corrections of the inverse of the SCM and considers the related work methods as particular cases. This leads to performance gains which are notable when there is a mismatch in the signature vector of the SOI. This mismatch and the small sample size are the main sources of degradation of the sample LMMSE and MVDR. Thus, in the last part of this thesis, unlike the previous proposed filters and the related work, we propose a filter which treats directly both sources of degradation.Estamos viviendo en una era en la que la dimensi贸n de los datos, recogidos por sensores de bajo precio, est谩 creciendo a un ritmo elevado, pero la disponibilidad de muestras estad铆sticamente independientes de los datos es limitada. As铆, los m茅todos cl谩sicos de inferencia estad铆stica sufren una degradaci贸n importante, ya que asumen un tama帽o muestral grande comparado con la dimensi贸n de los datos. En este contexto, esta tesis se centra en un problema popular en procesado de se帽al, la estimaci贸n lineal de un par谩metro observado mediante un modelo lineal. Por ejemplo, la conformaci贸n de haz en procesado de agrupaciones de antenas, donde un filtro enfoca el haz hacia una direcci贸n para obtener la se帽al asociada a una fuente de inter茅s (SOI). El dise帽o de los filtros 贸ptimos se basa en optimizar una medida de prestaci贸n como el error cuadr谩tico medio (MSE) o la relaci贸n se帽al a ruido m谩s interferente (SINR). Cuando hay informaci贸n sobre los momentos de segundo orden de la SOI, la optimizaci贸n del MSE lleva a obtener el estimador lineal de m铆nimo error cuadr谩tico medio (LMMSE). Cuando esa informaci贸n no est谩 disponible, se puede forzar la restricci贸n de no distorsi贸n de la SOI en la optimizaci贸n del MSE, que es equivalente a maximizar la SINR. Esto conduce al estimador de Capon (MVDR). El LMMSE y MVDR son 贸ptimos, pero no son realizables, ya que dependen de la inversa de la matriz de correlaci贸n de los datos, que no es conocida. El procedimiento habitual para solventar este problema es sustituirla por la inversa de la correlaci贸n muestral (SCM), esto lleva al LMMSE y MVDR muestral. Este procedimiento es 贸ptimo cuando el tama帽o muestral tiende a infinito y la dimensi贸n de los datos es fija. En la pr谩ctica este tama帽o muestral elevado no suele producirse y los m茅todos LMMSE y MVDR muestrales sufren una degradaci贸n importante en este r茅gimen de tama帽o muestral peque帽o. 脡ste se puede deber a periodos cortos de estacionariedad estad铆stica o a sistemas cuya dimensi贸n sea elevada. El objetivo de esta tesis es proponer correcciones de los estimadores LMMSE y MVDR muestrales que permitan combatir su degradaci贸n en el r茅gimen de tama帽o muestral peque帽o. Para ello se usan dos herramientas potentes, la estimaci贸n shrinkage y la teor铆a de matrices aleatorias (RMT). La estimaci贸n shrinkage introduce una estructura de los estimadores que mejora los estimadores muestrales mediante la optimizaci贸n del compromiso entre media y varianza del estimador. La optimizaci贸n directa de los m茅todos shrinkage lleva a m茅todos no realizables. Por eso luego se propone obtener una estimaci贸n consistente de ellos en el r茅gimen asint贸tico en el que tanto la dimensi贸n de los datos como el tama帽o muestral tienden a infinito, pero manteniendo un ratio constante. Es decir RMT se usa para obtener estimaciones consistentes en un r茅gimen asint贸tico que trata naturalmente las situaciones de tama帽o muestral peque帽o. Esta metodolog铆a basada en RMT no requiere suposiciones sobre el tipo de distribuci贸n de los datos. Los filtros propuestos tratan directamente la estimaci贸n de la SOI, esto lleva a ganancias de prestaciones en comparaci贸n a otros m茅todos basados en optimizar una m茅trica relacionada con la estimaci贸n de la covarianza de los datos o regularizaciones ad hoc de la SCM. La estructura de filtro propuesta es m谩s general que otros m茅todos que tambi茅n tratan directamente la estimaci贸n de la SOI y que se basan en un shrinkage de la SCM. Contemplamos correcciones de la inversa de la SCM y los m茅todos del estado del arte son casos particulares. Esto lleva a ganancias de prestaciones que son notables cuando hay una incertidumbre en el vector de firma asociado a la SOI. Esa incertidumbre y el tama帽o muestral peque帽o son las fuentes de degradaci贸n de los LMMSE y MVDR muestrales. As铆, en la 煤ltima parte de la tesis, a diferencia de m茅todos propuestos previamente en la tesis y en la literatura, se propone un filtro que trata de forma directa ambas fuentes de degradaci贸n
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