What does the Mongeau-Sankoff algorithm compute?

How similar are two melodies? Proposed in 1990, the Mongeau-Sankoff algorithm computes the best alignment between two melodies with insertion, deletion, substitution , fragmentation, and consolidation operations. This popular algorithm is sometimes misunderstood. Indeed, computing the best edit distance, which is the best chain of operations, is a more elaborated problem. Our objective is to clarify the usage of the Mongeau-Sankoff algorithm. In particular, we observe that an alignment is a restricted case of edition. This is especially the case when some edit operations overlap, e.g. when one further changes one or several notes resulting of a fragmentation or a consolidation. We propose recommendations for people wanting to use or extend this algorithm, and discuss the design of combined or extended operations, with specific costs

A survey of computer uses in music

This thesis covers research into the mathematical basis inherent in music including review of projects related to optical character recognition (OCR) of musical symbols. Research was done about fractals creating new pieces by assigning pitches to numbers. Existing musical pieces can be taken apart and reassembled creating new ideas for composers. Musical notation understanding is covered and its requirement for the recognition of a music sheet by the computer for editing and reproduction purposes is explained. The first phase of a musical OCR was created in this thesis with the recognition of staff lines on a good quality image. Modifications will need to be made to take care of noise and tilted images that may result from scanning

Proceedings of the VIIth GSCP International Conference

The 7th International Conference of the Gruppo di Studi sulla Comunicazione Parlata, dedicated to the memory of Claire Blanche-Benveniste, chose as its main theme Speech and Corpora. The wide international origin of the 235 authors from 21 countries and 95 institutions led to papers on many different languages. The 89 papers of this volume reflect the themes of the conference: spoken corpora compilation and annotation, with the technological connected fields; the relation between prosody and pragmatics; speech pathologies; and different papers on phonetics, speech and linguistic analysis, pragmatics and sociolinguistics. Many papers are also dedicated to speech and second language studies. The online publication with FUP allows direct access to sound and video linked to papers (when downloaded)

LC: A Mostly-strongly-timed Prototype-based Computer Music Programming Language that Integrates Objects and Manipulations for Microsound Synthesis

Ph.DDOCTOR OF PHILOSOPH

vocoids and their prosodic distribution, with special reference to Italian and Arabic

This study attempts to characterize vocoids, i.e. vowels and semivowels, as a unified class of segments. In order to do so, it investigates the main phenomena concerning the quantitative distribution of these sounds, namely syllabic alternation, length alternations, deletion and insertion. Such phenomena are best analyzed by making reference to prosodic structure, and syllable structure in particular. Therefore, both frameworks adopted in this thesis take into consideration this type of representation. The main approach, which I refer to generally as Derivational Theory (DT), is based on the notion that surface phonetic forms are derived from underlying forms through a series of structural changes taking place at different levels of representation. This model is contrasted with the recently introduced (Prince and Smolensky 1993) Optimality Theory (OT), an output-oriented paradigm based on the parallel evaluation of candidate forms by means of universal but violable constraints. This thesis shows that OT offers some valuable insights into the phenomena under analysis, although there are areas in which it requires integration with derivational tools. This study also makes specific reference to two languages: Ammani Arabic and Standard Italian. These diverge in their treatment of vocoids, but clear general trends may be detected which have also been found in other languages

Fragmentations with pitch, rhythm and parallelism constraints for variation matching

International audienceComposers commonly employ ornamentation and elaboration techniques to generate varied versions of an initial core melodic idea. Dynamic programming techniques, based on edit operations, are used to find similarities between melodic strings. However, replacements, insertions and deletion may give non-musically pertinent similarities, especially if rhythmic or metrical structure is not considered. We propose, herein, to compute the similarity between a reduced query and a melody employing only fragmentation operations. Such fragmentations transform one note from the reduced query into a possible large set of notes, taking into account metrical, pitch and rhythm constraints, as well as elementary parallelism information. We test the proposed algorithm on two prototypical ''theme and variations'' piano pieces by W. A. Mozart and show that the proposed constrained fragmentation operations are capable of detecting variations with high sensitivity and specificity

Proceedings of the 2021 DigitalFUTURES

This open access book is a compilation of selected papers from 2021 DigitalFUTURES—The 3rd International Conference on Computational Design and Robotic Fabrication (CDRF 2021). The work focuses on novel techniques for computational design and robotic fabrication. The contents make valuable contributions to academic researchers, designers, and engineers in the industry. As well, readers encounter new ideas about understanding material intelligence in architecture

Against the stream of desire: A psychoanalytical interpretation on woman characters in Gao Xingjian's novels.

This paper contains an introduction, four main chapters, and a conclusion. The introduction introduces into preparatory discussions on background, questions, proposal, aim, method, theories, and division of content. Chapter one interprets Gao's earlier novel collection Geiwo laoye mai yugan (Buying my Grandpa a Fishing Rod) (1989) as woman's repressed desire under the ruling of the patriarchy. Chapter two reveals the protagonist's self-awakening under the influence of a culture with natual intelligence in Lingshan (Soul Mountain) (2001). Chapter three discusses Gao's Yige ren de shengjing (One Man's Bible) (1999) to reconstruct the personality at post-modern stage. Chapter four constructs the aesthetics of desire for life by discussing Gao's style of language and interpreting his later novel Shunjian (A Moment) (1999). The conclusion summarizes what have been discussed and promotes life to a higher level by Wang Guowei's "Jingjie," which enables the "poetics of life." The 1-19 parts form an integral whole, showing their interactivity using the structure of summation-division-summation. In theme, this study opens up a literary topic that everybody can reach-life. In the depth of the theme, it explores the development of human personality by analyzing the transmutation of the protagonist's inner world. In the width of knowledge involved, it contains literature, philosophy, psychology, religion, science, art, poetics, and aesthetics. The psychoanalysis as methodology traces and realizes a psychological progression of philosophical meditations on life. The use of symbolism, analogy, sense perception, artistic analysis jointly gives this thesis a poetical disposition with natural sensuousness and aesthetic connotation. In the choice of materials, it encompasses those that can both suit the topic and reflect the voices of different levels. To sum up, life's positive potential may bring fragile mind out of nihilistic state and give it a positive meaning. Thus the development of a positive personality must be the right path to the wholeness of human personality