A Study on Efficient Design of A Multimedia Conversion Module in PESMS for Social Media Services

The main contribution of this paper is to present the Platform-as-a-Service(PaaS) Environment for Social Multimedia Service (PESMS), derived fromthe Social Media Cloud Computing Service Environment. The main role ofour PESMS is to support the development of social networking services thatinclude audio, image, and video formats. In this paper, we focus in particular on the design and implementation of PESMS, including the transcoding function for processing large amounts of social media in a parallel and distributed manner. PESMS is designed to improve the quality and speed of multimedia conversions by incorporating a multimedia conversion module based on Hadoop, consisting of Hadoop Distributed File System for storing large quantities of social data and MapReduce for distributed parallel processing of these data. In this way, our PESMS has the prospect of exponentially reducing the encoding time for transcoding large numbers of image files into specific formats. To test system performance for the transcoding function, we measured the image transcoding time under a variety of experimental conditions. Based on experiments performed on a 28-node cluster, we found that our system delivered excellent performance in the image transcoding function

Effect of oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) fibers to the compressive strength and water absorption of concrete

Growing popularity based on environmentally-friendly, low cost and lightweight building materials in the construction industry has led to a need to examine how these characteristics can be achieved and at the same time giving the benefit to the environment and maintain the material requirements based on the standards required. Recycling of waste generated from industrial and agricultural activities as measures of building materials is not only a viable solution to the problem of pollution but also to produce an economic design of building

An ICAP-based content repurposing system for ubiquitous access to multimedia content.

by Tam Wing-Lam.Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2003.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 55-57).Abstracts in English and Chinese.Acknowledgments --- p.iAbstract --- p.ii哲學碩士論文摘要 --- p.iiiChapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1Chapter 1.1 --- Research Background --- p.2Chapter 1.2 --- Contribution of the Thesis --- p.5Chapter 1.3 --- Organization of the Thesis --- p.6Chapter Chapter 2 --- Content Repurposing System Architecture --- p.7Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction to ICAP-based Content Repurposing System --- p.7Chapter 2.2 --- Generic Service-enabling Platform --- p.8Chapter 2.3 --- Rule Engine --- p.10Chapter 2.4 --- ICAP-enabled Application Server --- p.10Chapter 2.5 --- Store-and-forward Transcoding and Streamed Transcoding --- p.11Chapter Chapter 3 --- Transcoding Techniques --- p.18Chapter 3.1 --- Text Transcoding --- p.19Chapter 2.2 --- Image Transcoding --- p.20Chapter 3.3 --- Audio Transcoding --- p.23Chapter 3.4 --- Video Transcoding --- p.25Chapter Chapter 4 --- Adaptation Policy --- p.28Chapter 4.1 --- Delay Analysis of Content Repurposing System --- p.30Chapter 4.2 --- Store-and-forward Transcoding for Image Files --- p.31Chapter 4.2.1 --- Distribution of Input Web Images --- p.34Chapter 4.2.2 --- Transcoding Web images to WBMP --- p.34Chapter 4.2.3 --- Adaptation policy of Transformation to WBMP --- p.36Chapter 4.2.4 --- Adaptation policy of JPEG images --- p.36Chapter 4.3 --- Streamed Transcoding for Audio/Video Files --- p.39Chapter 4.3.1 --- Audio Transcoding --- p.41Chapter 4.3.2 --- Video Transcoding --- p.42Chapter 4.4 --- Case Study --- p.43Chapter 4.4.1 --- Weak Device with Insufficient Bandwidth --- p.43Chapter 4.4.2 --- Weak Device with Sufficient Bandwidth --- p.43Chapter 4.4.3 --- Strong Device with Insufficient Bandwidth --- p.44Chapter Chapter 5 --- Conclusion --- p.54Bibliography --- p.5

High flexibility scalable image coding

This paper presents a new, highly flexible, scalable image coder based on a Matching Pursuit expansion. The dictionary of atoms is built by translation, rotation and anisotropic refinement of gaussian functions, in order to efficiently capture edges in natural images. In the same time, the dictionary is invariant under isotropic scaling, which interestingly leads to very simple spatial resizing operations. It is shown that the proposed scheme compares to state-of-the-art coders when the compressed image is transcoded to a lower (octave-based) spatial resolution. In contrary to common compression formats, our bit-stream can moreover easily and efficiently be decoded at any spatial resolution, even with irrational re-scaling factors. In the same time, the Matching Pursuit algorithm provides an intrinsically progressive stream. This worthy feature allows for easy rate filtering operations, where the least important atoms are simply discarded to fit restrictive bandwidth constraints. Our scheme is finally shown to favorably compare to state-of-the-art progressive coders for moderate to quite important rate reductions

Etude et mise en place d'une plateforme d'adaptation multiservice embarquée pour la gestion de flux multimédia à différents niveaux logiciels et matériels

Les avancées technologiques ont permis la commercialisation à grande échelle de terminaux mobiles. De ce fait, l homme est de plus en plus connecté et partout. Ce nombre grandissant d usagers du réseau ainsi que la forte croissance du contenu disponible, aussi bien d un point de vue quantitatif que qualitatif saturent les réseaux et l augmentation des moyens matériels (passage à la fibre optique) ne suffisent pas. Pour surmonter cela, les réseaux doivent prendre en compte le type de contenu (texte, vidéo, ...) ainsi que le contexte d utilisation (état du réseau, capacité du terminal, ...) pour assurer une qualité d expérience optimum. A ce sujet, la vidéo fait partie des contenus les plus critiques. Ce type de contenu est non seulement de plus en plus consommé par les utilisateurs mais est aussi l un des plus contraignant en terme de ressources nécéssaires à sa distribution (taille serveur, bande passante, ). Adapter un contenu vidéo en fonction de l état du réseau (ajuster son débit binaire à la bande passante) ou des capacités du terminal (s assurer que le codec soit nativement supporté) est indispensable. Néanmoins, l adaptation vidéo est un processus qui nécéssite beaucoup de ressources. Cela est antinomique à son utilisation à grande echelle dans les appareils à bas coûts qui constituent aujourd hui une grande part dans l ossature du réseau Internet. Cette thèse se concentre sur la conception d un système d adaptation vidéo à bas coût et temps réel qui prendrait place dans ces réseaux du futur. Après une analyse du contexte, un système d adaptation générique est proposé et évalué en comparaison de l état de l art. Ce système est implémenté sur un FPGA afin d assurer les performances (temps-réels) et la nécessité d une solution à bas coût. Enfin, une étude sur les effets indirects de l adaptation vidéo est menée.On the one hand, technology advances have led to the expansion of the handheld devices market. Thanks to this expansion, people are more and more connected and more and more data are exchanged over the Internet. On the other hand, this huge amound of data imposes drastic constrains in order to achieve sufficient quality. The Internet is now showing its limits to assure such quality. To answer nowadays limitations, a next generation Internet is envisioned. This new network takes into account the content nature (video, audio, ...) and the context (network state, terminal capabilities ...) to better manage its own resources. To this extend, video manipulation is one of the key concept that is highlighted in this arising context. Video content is more and more consumed and at the same time requires more and more resources. Adapting videos to the network state (reducing its bitrate to match available bandwidth) or to the terminal capabilities (screen size, supported codecs, ) appears mandatory and is foreseen to take place in real time in networking devices such as home gateways. However, video adaptation is a resource intensive task and must be implemented using hardware accelerators to meet the desired low cost and real time constraints.In this thesis, content- and context-awareness is first analyzed to be considered at the network side. Secondly, a generic low cost video adaptation system is proposed and compared to existing solutions as a trade-off between system complexity and quality. Then, hardware conception is tackled as this system is implemented in an FPGA based architecture. Finally, this system is used to evaluate the indirect effects of video adaptation; energy consumption reduction is achieved at the terminal side by reducing video characteristics thus permitting an increased user experience for End-Users.BORDEAUX1-Bib.electronique (335229901) / SudocSudocFranceF

Etude et mise en place d’une plateforme d’adaptation multiservice embarquée pour la gestion de flux multimédia à différents niveaux logiciels et matériels

On the one hand, technology advances have led to the expansion of the handheld devices market. Thanks to this expansion, people are more and more connected and more and more data are exchanged over the Internet. On the other hand, this huge amound of data imposes drastic constrains in order to achieve sufficient quality. The Internet is now showing its limits to assure such quality. To answer nowadays limitations, a next generation Internet is envisioned. This new network takes into account the content nature (video, audio, ...) and the context (network state, terminal capabilities ...) to better manage its own resources. To this extend, video manipulation is one of the key concept that is highlighted in this arising context. Video content is more and more consumed and at the same time requires more and more resources. Adapting videos to the network state (reducing its bitrate to match available bandwidth) or to the terminal capabilities (screen size, supported codecs, …) appears mandatory and is foreseen to take place in real time in networking devices such as home gateways. However, video adaptation is a resource intensive task and must be implemented using hardware accelerators to meet the desired low cost and real time constraints.In this thesis, content- and context-awareness is first analyzed to be considered at the network side. Secondly, a generic low cost video adaptation system is proposed and compared to existing solutions as a trade-off between system complexity and quality. Then, hardware conception is tackled as this system is implemented in an FPGA based architecture. Finally, this system is used to evaluate the indirect effects of video adaptation; energy consumption reduction is achieved at the terminal side by reducing video characteristics thus permitting an increased user experience for End-Users.Les avancées technologiques ont permis la commercialisation à grande échelle de terminaux mobiles. De ce fait, l’homme est de plus en plus connecté et partout. Ce nombre grandissant d’usagers du réseau ainsi que la forte croissance du contenu disponible, aussi bien d’un point de vue quantitatif que qualitatif saturent les réseaux et l’augmentation des moyens matériels (passage à la fibre optique) ne suffisent pas. Pour surmonter cela, les réseaux doivent prendre en compte le type de contenu (texte, vidéo, ...) ainsi que le contexte d’utilisation (état du réseau, capacité du terminal, ...) pour assurer une qualité d’expérience optimum. A ce sujet, la vidéo fait partie des contenus les plus critiques. Ce type de contenu est non seulement de plus en plus consommé par les utilisateurs mais est aussi l’un des plus contraignant en terme de ressources nécéssaires à sa distribution (taille serveur, bande passante, …). Adapter un contenu vidéo en fonction de l’état du réseau (ajuster son débit binaire à la bande passante) ou des capacités du terminal (s’assurer que le codec soit nativement supporté) est indispensable. Néanmoins, l’adaptation vidéo est un processus qui nécéssite beaucoup de ressources. Cela est antinomique à son utilisation à grande echelle dans les appareils à bas coûts qui constituent aujourd’hui une grande part dans l’ossature du réseau Internet. Cette thèse se concentre sur la conception d’un système d’adaptation vidéo à bas coût et temps réel qui prendrait place dans ces réseaux du futur. Après une analyse du contexte, un système d’adaptation générique est proposé et évalué en comparaison de l’état de l’art. Ce système est implémenté sur un FPGA afin d’assurer les performances (temps-réels) et la nécessité d’une solution à bas coût. Enfin, une étude sur les effets indirects de l’adaptation vidéo est menée

Digital rights management techniques for H.264 video

This work aims to present a number of low-complexity digital rights management (DRM) methodologies for the H.264 standard. Initially, requirements to enforce DRM are analyzed and understood. Based on these requirements, a framework is constructed which puts forth different possibilities that can be explored to satisfy the objective. To implement computationally efficient DRM methods, watermarking and content based copy detection are then chosen as the preferred methodologies. The first approach is based on robust watermarking which modifies the DC residuals of 4×4 macroblocks within I-frames. Robust watermarks are appropriate for content protection and proving ownership. Experimental results show that the technique exhibits encouraging rate-distortion (R-D) characteristics while at the same time being computationally efficient. The problem of content authentication is addressed with the help of two methodologies: irreversible and reversible watermarks. The first approach utilizes the highest frequency coefficient within 4×4 blocks of the I-frames after CAVLC en- tropy encoding to embed a watermark. The technique was found to be very effect- ive in detecting tampering. The second approach applies the difference expansion (DE) method on IPCM macroblocks within P-frames to embed a high-capacity reversible watermark. Experiments prove the technique to be not only fragile and reversible but also exhibiting minimal variation in its R-D characteristics. The final methodology adopted to enforce DRM for H.264 video is based on the concept of signature generation and matching. Specific types of macroblocks within each predefined region of an I-, B- and P-frame are counted at regular intervals in a video clip and an ordinal matrix is constructed based on their count. The matrix is considered to be the signature of that video clip and is matched with longer video sequences to detect copies within them. Simulation results show that the matching methodology is capable of not only detecting copies but also its location within a longer video sequence. Performance analysis depict acceptable false positive and false negative rates and encouraging receiver operating charac- teristics. Finally, the time taken to match and locate copies is significantly low which makes it ideal for use in broadcast and streaming applications

Using machine learning to select and optimise multiple objectives in media compression

The growing complexity of emerging image and video compression standards means additional demands on computational time and energy resources in a variety of environments. Additionally, the steady increase in sensor resolution, display resolution, and the demand for increasingly high-quality media in consumer and professional applications also mean that there is an increasing quantity of media being compressed. This work focuses on a methodology for improving and understanding the quality of media compression algorithms using an empirical approach. Consequently, the outcomes of this research can be deployed on existing standard compression algorithms, but are also likely to be applicable to future standards without substantial redevelopment, increasing productivity and decreasing time-to-market. Using machine learning techniques, this thesis proposes a means of using past information about how images and videos are compressed in terms of content, and leveraging this information to guide and improve industry standard media compressors in order to achieve the desired outcome in a time and energy e cient way. The methodology is implemented and evaluated on JPEG, WebP and x265 codecs, allowing the system to automatically target multiple performance characteristics like le size, image quality, compression time and e ciency, based on user preferences. Compared to previous work, this system is able to achieve a prediction error three times smaller for quality and size for JPEG, and a speed up of compression of four times for WebP, targeting the same objectives. For x265 video compression, the system allows multiple objectives to be considered simultaneously, allowing speedier encoding for similar levels of quality