9,459 research outputs found
A novel approach to modelling and simulating the contact behaviour between a human hand model and a deformable object
A deeper understanding of biomechanical behaviour of human hands becomes fundamental for any human hand-operated Q2 activities. The integration of biomechanical knowledge of human hands into product design process starts to play an increasingly important role in developing an ergonomic product-to-user interface for products and systems requiring high level of comfortable and responsive interactions. Generation of such precise and dynamic models can provide scientific evaluation tools to support product and system development through simulation. This type of support is urgently required in many applications such as hand skill training for surgical operations, ergonomic study of a product or system developed and so forth. The aim of this work is to study the contact behaviour between the operators’ hand and a hand-held tool or other similar contacts, by developing a novel and precise nonlinear 3D finite element model of the hand and by investigating the contact behaviour through simulation. The contact behaviour is externalised by solving the problem using the bi-potential method. The human body’s biomechanical characteristics, such as hand deformity and structural behaviour, have been fully modelled by implementing anisotropic hyperelastic laws. A case study is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the approac
Node-to-segment and node-to-surface interface finite elements for fracture mechanics
The topologies of existing interface elements used to discretize cohesive
cracks are such that they can be used to compute the relative displacements
(displacement discontinuities) of two opposing segments (in 2D) or of two
opposing facets (in 3D) belonging to the opposite crack faces and enforce the
cohesive traction-separation relation. In the present work we propose a novel
type of interface element for fracture mechanics sharing some analogies with
the node-to-segment (in 2D) and with the node-to-surface (in 3D) contact
elements. The displacement gap of a node belonging to the finite element
discretization of one crack face with respect to its projected point on the
opposite face is used to determine the cohesive tractions, the residual vector
and its consistent linearization for an implicit solution scheme. The following
advantages with respect to classical interface finite elements are
demonstrated: (i) non-matching finite element discretizations of the opposite
crack faces is possible; (ii) easy modelling of cohesive cracks with
non-propagating crack tips; (iii) the internal rotational equilibrium of the
interface element is assured. Detailed examples are provided to show the
usefulness of the proposed approach in nonlinear fracture mechanics problems.Comment: 37 pages, 17 figure
Bridging the computational gap between mesoscopic and continuum modeling of red blood cells for fully resolved blood flow
We present a computational framework for the simulation of blood flow with
fully resolved red blood cells (RBCs) using a modular approach that consists of
a lattice Boltzmann solver for the blood plasma, a novel finite element based
solver for the deformable bodies and an immersed boundary method for the
fluid-solid interaction. For the RBCs, we propose a nodal projective FEM
(npFEM) solver which has theoretical advantages over the more commonly used
mass-spring systems (mesoscopic modeling), such as an unconditional stability,
versatile material expressivity, and one set of parameters to fully describe
the behavior of the body at any mesh resolution. At the same time, the method
is substantially faster than other FEM solvers proposed in this field, and has
an efficiency that is comparable to the one of mesoscopic models. At its core,
the solver uses specially defined potential energies, and builds upon them a
fast iterative procedure based on quasi-Newton techniques. For a known
material, our solver has only one free parameter that demands tuning, related
to the body viscoelasticity. In contrast, state-of-the-art solvers for
deformable bodies have more free parameters, and the calibration of the models
demands special assumptions regarding the mesh topology, which restrict their
generality and mesh independence. We propose as well a modification to the
potential energy proposed by Skalak et al. 1973 for the red blood cell
membrane, which enhances the strain hardening behavior at higher deformations.
Our viscoelastic model for the red blood cell, while simple enough and
applicable to any kind of solver as a post-convergence step, can capture
accurately the characteristic recovery time and tank-treading frequencies. The
framework is validated using experimental data, and it proves to be scalable
for multiple deformable bodies
Packing Characteristics of Different Shaped Proppants for use with Hydrofracing - A Numerical Investigation using 3D FEMDEM
Imperial Users onl
Real-time Error Control for Surgical Simulation
Objective: To present the first real-time a posteriori error-driven adaptive
finite element approach for real-time simulation and to demonstrate the method
on a needle insertion problem. Methods: We use corotational elasticity and a
frictional needle/tissue interaction model. The problem is solved using finite
elements within SOFA. The refinement strategy relies upon a hexahedron-based
finite element method, combined with a posteriori error estimation driven local
-refinement, for simulating soft tissue deformation. Results: We control the
local and global error level in the mechanical fields (e.g. displacement or
stresses) during the simulation. We show the convergence of the algorithm on
academic examples, and demonstrate its practical usability on a percutaneous
procedure involving needle insertion in a liver. For the latter case, we
compare the force displacement curves obtained from the proposed adaptive
algorithm with that obtained from a uniform refinement approach. Conclusions:
Error control guarantees that a tolerable error level is not exceeded during
the simulations. Local mesh refinement accelerates simulations. Significance:
Our work provides a first step to discriminate between discretization error and
modeling error by providing a robust quantification of discretization error
during simulations.Comment: 12 pages, 16 figures, change of the title, submitted to IEEE TBM
A consistent interface element formulation for geometrical and material nonlinearities
Decohesion undergoing large displacements takes place in a wide range of
applications. In these problems, interface element formulations for large
displacements should be used to accurately deal with coupled material and
geometrical nonlinearities. The present work proposes a consistent derivation
of a new interface element for large deformation analyses. The resulting
compact derivation leads to a operational formulation that enables the
accommodation of any order of kinematic interpolation and constitutive behavior
of the interface. The derived interface element has been implemented into the
finite element codes FEAP and ABAQUS by means of user-defined routines. The
interplay between geometrical and material nonlinearities is investigated by
considering two different constitutive models for the interface (tension
cut-off and polynomial cohesive zone models) and small or finite deformation
for the continuum. Numerical examples are proposed to assess the mesh
independency of the new interface element and to demonstrate the robustness of
the formulation. A comparison with experimental results for peeling confirms
the predictive capabilities of the formulation.Comment: 14 pages, 11 figure
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