The Design of FTTH Network

The aim of this thesis is to explain the problems of optical access networks with wavelength division multiplexers, main purpose is to demonstrate the difference between theoretical and real measurement. The work is divided into several thematic areas. The introduction outlines the basic of telecommunications, fiber optics lasers, single mode, multimode, lasers fibers cables & cores, splitters division multiplexing system, there are known solutions discussed fundamental wavelength multiplexes and their possible combinations. The following chapter deals with the active elements such as AON, PON, which are essential part xWDM systems such as optical lasers, detectors and amplifiers. Another chapter focuses on passive elements, which form a key part of the wavelength multiplex. Methods of measurement of WDM/PON networks are discussed in the following part. The next section describes the topology used active and passive optical networks. The penultimate part of the work consists of architecture & technology of xWDM such as GPON and WDM-PON networks and comparing their transmission parameters. The final part of the paper presents the results of practical experimental measurements of optical access networks with wavelengths division multiplex while these results are compared with the theoretical output & methods of Optical lost test, OTDR & LSPM, with advantage & disadvantage of every methods. The second part of practical is the draft to the connection resident housing units of 30 houses, boarding-house (10 rooms) and 2 shops, 20 km distant from exchange. With comparing the possibilities of two options- passive and active optical network- PON system – WDM- Wave multiplex. Suggest the possibility of measuring and monitoring the created network.The aim of this thesis is to explain the problems of optical access networks with wavelength division multiplexers, main purpose is to demonstrate the difference between theoretical and real measurement. The work is divided into several thematic areas. The introduction outlines the basic of telecommunications, fiber optics lasers, single mode, multimode, lasers fibers cables & cores, splitters division multiplexing system, there are known solutions discussed fundamental wavelength multiplexes and their possible combinations. The following chapter deals with the active elements such as AON, PON, which are essential part xWDM systems such as optical lasers, detectors and amplifiers. Another chapter focuses on passive elements, which form a key part of the wavelength multiplex. Methods of measurement of WDM/PON networks are discussed in the following part. The next section describes the topology used active and passive optical networks. The penultimate part of the work consists of architecture & technology of xWDM such as GPON and WDM-PON networks and comparing their transmission parameters. The final part of the paper presents the results of practical experimental measurements of optical access networks with wavelengths division multiplex while these results are compared with the theoretical output & methods of Optical lost test, OTDR & LSPM, with advantage & disadvantage of every methods. The second part of practical is the draft to the connection resident housing units of 30 houses, boarding-house (10 rooms) and 2 shops, 20 km distant from exchange. With comparing the possibilities of two options- passive and active optical network- PON system – WDM- Wave multiplex. Suggest the possibility of measuring and monitoring the created network.

LASER Tech Briefs, September 1993

This edition of LASER Tech briefs contains a feature on photonics. The other topics include: Electronic Components and Circuits. Electronic Systems, Physical Sciences, Materials, Computer Programs, Mechanics, Machinery, Fabrication Technology, Mathematics and Information Sciences, Life Sciences and books and reports

Networking technology adoption : system dynamics modeling of fiber-to-the-home

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, Technology, Management, and Policy Program, 2005.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.Page 244 blank.Includes bibliographical references (p. 241-243).A system dynamics model is developed and run to study the adoption of fiber-to-the-home as a residential broadband technology. Communities that currently do not have broadband in the United States are modeled. This case is of particular interest to U.S. policymakers, but also relevant to other regions concerned with economic development in rural areas. The model is used to explore the effects of government policy on fiber-to-the-home deployment and on the telecommunications supply chain. The research finds that government policy relating to broadband deployment has been based on a weak understanding of the dynamics involved, resulting in trial and error policy making that has unintended consequences. The thesis shows that the current monitoring of broadband deployment by the Federal Communications Commission is inadequate to contribute to the formation of reasoned policy decisions. The model is used to explore the consequences that different regulatory scenarios have on fiber-to-the-home deployment. Among the policy choices considered are: resale of fiber-to-the-home lines to competitive providers; low cost government loans for commercial deployments; rapid deployment to all communities currently without service; and a ban on municipal deployments. The current Rural Utilities Service loan program is also included in the model and its effects are analyzed. The model is used to examine the consequences for the optoelectronics industry of different deployment scenarios. It shows that the interests of consumers, regulators, and even service providers are in conflict with the interests of the optoelectronics industry which provides a critical component necessary for the service.(cont.) Strategies to help mitigate that conflict and to promote the health of the components industry are explored. Deployment of fiber-to-the-home is costly, and cost recovery is difficult for both incumbent and competitive service providers, especially in rural and suburban regions that do not currently have service. The interests of policy makers, service providers, and component suppliers need to be aligned to implement effective policy that encourages the deployment of broadband to unserved regions. The Federal Communications Commission needs to rearchitect its monitoring of service providers and their activities to better understand the status of deployment and how its policies can help or hinder.by Andjelka Kelic.Ph.D

Transmitting television signal via fiber optics

Hlavním cílem této práce je teoretická analýza přenosového DVB TV signálu prostřednictvím optických vláken, analýza sítě CATV a modulační techniky pro její přenos. První částí této práce je zavedení šíření signálů v optických vláknech a pasivních součástech optických sítí, následované obecnými informacemi o digitálním rozhlasovém vysílání, sítí CATV a modulačním formátu pro jejich přenos. V druhé části, která se nazývá praktická část, vysvětluje výsledek měření, který se skládá ze srovnání různých měřicích parametrů, jako jsou "Power SIGNAL", "C / N", "Kanálový výkon" pro rozdílné délky optických vláken.The main goal of this thesis is theoretical analysis of transmission DVB TV signal via optical fiber, analysis of CATV network and modulation technique used for its transmission. The first part of this thesisis about introduction of propagation of signals in optical fiber and passive components of a fiber optic network, followed by general information about Digital Video Broadcasting, CATV network and modulation format for its transmission. In the second part, which is called practical part, explains our measurement's result, that consists of comparison of different measurement parameters such as “Power SIGNAL”, “C/N”, “Channel Power” for difference lengths of Fiber Optics.

Fully-photonic digital radio over fibre for future super-broadband access network applications

This thesis was submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy and awarded by Brunel UniversityIn this thesis a Fully-Photonic DRoF (FP-DRoF) system is proposed for deploying of future super-broadband access networks. Digital Radio over Fibre (DRoF) is more independent of the fibre network impairments and the length of fibre than the ARoF link. In order for fully optical deployment of the signal conversion techniques in the FP-DRoF architecture, two key components an Analogue-to-Digital Converter (ADC) and a Digital-to-Analogue Converter (DAC)) for data conversion are designed and their performance are investigated whereas the physical functionality is evaluated. The system simulation results of the proposed pipelined Photonic ADC (PADC) show that the PADC has 10 GHz bandwidth around 60 GHz of sampling rate. Furthermore, by changing the bandwidth of the optical bandpass filter, switching to another band of sampling frequency provides optimised performance condition of the PADC. The PADC has low changes on the Effective Number of Bit (ENOB) response versus analogue RF input from 1 GHz up to 22 GHz for 60 GHz sampling frequency. The proposed 8-Bit pipelined PADC performance in terms of ENOB is evaluated at 60 Gigasample/s which is about 4.1. Recently, different methods have been reported by researchers to implement Photonic DACs (PDACs), but their aim was to convert digital electrical signals to the corresponding analogue signal by assisting the optical techniques. In this thesis, a Binary Weighted PDAC (BW-PDAC) is proposed. In this BW-PDAC, optical digital signals are fully optically converted to an analogue signal. The spurious free dynamic range at the output of the PDAC in a back-to-back deployment of the PADC and the PDAC was 26.6 dBc. For further improvement in the system performance, a 3R (Retiming, Reshaping and Reamplifying) regeneration system is proposed in this thesis. Simulation results show that for an ultrashort RZ pulse with a 5% duty cycle at 65 Gbit/s using the proposed 3R regeneration system on a link reduces rms timing jitter by 90% while the regenerated pulse eye opening height is improved by 65%. Finally, in this thesis the proposed FP-DRoF functionality is evaluated whereas its performance is investigated through a dedicated and shared fibre links. The simulation results show (in the case of low level signal to noise ratio, in comparison with ARoF through a dedicated fibre link) that the FP-DRoF has better BER performance than the ARoF in the order of 10-20. Furthermore, in order to realize a BER about 10-25 for the ARoF, the power penalty is about 4 dBm higher than the FP-DRoF link. The simulation results demonstrate that by considering 0.2 dB/km attenuation of a standard single mode fibre, the dedicated fibre length for the FP-DRoF link can be increased to about 20 km more than the ARoF link. Moreover, for performance assessment of the proposed FP-DRoF in a shared fibre link, the BER of the FP-DRoF link is about 10-10 magnitude less than the ARoF link for -19 dBm launched power into the fibre and the power penalty of the ARoF system is 10 dBm more than the FP-DRoF link. It is significant to increase the fibre link’s length of the FP-DRoF access network using common infrastructure. In addition, the simulation results are demonstrated that the FP-DRoF with non-uniform Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) is more robust against four wave mixing impairment than the conventional WDM technique with uniform wavelength allocation and has better performance in terms of BER. It is clearly verified that the lunched power penalty at CS for DRoF link with uniform WDM techniques is about 2 dB higher than non-uniform WDM technique. Furthermore, uniform WDM method requires more bandwidth than non-uniform scheme which depends on the total number of channels and channels spacing

Radio over fibre distribution systems for ultra-wide band and millimetre wave applications

Short range wireless technology such as ultra-wideband (UWB) and 60 GHz millimetre wave (mm-wave) play a key role for wireless connectivity in indoor home, office environment or large enclosed public areas. UWB has been allocated at the frequency band 3.1-10.6 GHz with an emission power below -41.3 dBm. Mm-wave signals around 60 GHz have also attracted much attention to support high-speed data for short range wireless applications. The wide bandwidth and high allowable transmit power at 60 GHz enable multi-Gbps wireless transmission over typical indoor distances. Radio-over-fibre (RoF) systems are used to extend the propagation distance of both UWB and mm-wave signals over hundred of meters inside a building. UWB or mm-wave signals over fibre can be generated first at the central office before being distributed to the remote access points through optical fibre. In this work, we investigate two new techniques to generate and distribute UWB signals. These techniques are based on generating Gaussian pulse position modulation (PPM) using a gain switched laser (GSL). The simulation and experimental results have been carried out to show the suitability of employing gain switching in UWB over fibre systems (UWBoF) to develop a reliable, simple, and low cost technique for distributing UWB pulses. The second part of this work proposes two configurations for optical mm-wave generation and transmission of 3 Gbps downstream data based on GSL. We investigate the distribution of these two methods over fibre with wireless link, and demonstrate the system simplicity and cost efficiency for mm-wave over fibre systems. Both configurations are simulated to verify our obtained results and show system performance at higher bit rates. In the third part, we generate phase modulated mm-waves by using an external injection of a modulated light source into GSL. The performance of this system is experimentally investigated and simulated for different fiber links

Electro-optical generation and distribution of ultrawideband signals based on the gain switching technique

We demonstrate and compare the generation and distribution of pulse position modulation (PPM) ultrawideband (UWB) signals, based on two different techniques using a gain-switched laser (GSL). One uses a GSL followed by two external modulators, while the second technique employs two laser diodes gain switched (GS) using a combined signal from a pattern generator and an RF signal generator. Bit-error-rate (BER) measurements and eye diagrams for UWB signals have been measured experimentally by using the different GS transmitter configurations and various fiber transmission distances. The simulation of both systems also has been carried out to verify our obtained results, which show the suitability of employing gain switching in a UWB over fiber (UWBoF) system to develop a reliable, simple, and low-cost technique for distributing the impulse-radio UWB (IR-UWB) pulses to the receiver destination