693 research outputs found
Wall-Corner Classification Using Sonar: A New Approach Based on Geometric Features
Ultrasonic signals coming from rotary sonar sensors in a robot gives us several features about the environment. This enables us to locate and classify the objects in the scenario of the robot. Each object and reflector produces a series of peaks in the amplitude of the signal. The radial and angular position of the sonar sensor gives information about location and their amplitudes offer information about the nature of the surface. Early works showed that the amplitude can be modeled and used to classify objects with very good results at short distances—80% average success in classifying both walls and corners at distances less than 1.5 m. In this paper, a new set of geometric features derived from the amplitude analysis of the echo is presented. These features constitute a set of characteristics that can be used to improve the results of classification at distances from 1.5 m to 4 m. Also, a comparative study on classification algorithms widely used in pattern recognition techniques has been carried out for sensor distances ranging between 0.5 to 4 m, and with incidence angles ranging between 20° to 70°. Experimental results show an enhancement on the success in classification rates when these geometric features are considered
Dynamic gridmaps: comparing building techniques
Mobile robots need to represent obstacles in their surroundings, even
moving ones, to make right movement decisions. For higher autonomy the
robot should automatically build such representation from its sensory input.
This paper compares the dynamic character of several gridmap building techniques:
probabilistic, fuzzy, theory of evidence and histogramic. Two criteria
are defined to rank such dynamism in the representation: time to show a new
obstacle and time to show a new hole. The update rules for first three such
techniques hold associative property which confers them static character, inconvenient
for dynamic environments. Major contribution of this paper is the
introduction of two new approaches are presented to improve the perception
of mobile obstacles: one uses a differential equation to update the map and
another uses majority voting in a limited memory per cell. Their dynamisms
are also evaluated and the results presented
Dynamic gridmaps: comparing building techniques
P. 5-22Mobile robots need to represent obstacles in their surroundings, even
moving ones, to make right movement decisions. For higher autonomy the
robot should automatically build such representation from its sensory input.
This paper compares the dynamic character of several gridmap building techniques: probabilistic, fuzzy, theory of evidence and histogramic. Two criteria
are defined to rank such dynamism in the representation: time to show a new
obstacle and time to show a new hole. The update rules for first three such
techniques hold associative property which confers them static character, inconvenient for dynamic environments. Major contribution of this paper is the
introduction of two new approaches are presented to improve the perception
of mobile obstacles: one uses a differential equation to update the map and
another uses majority voting in a limited memory per cell. Their dynamisms
are also evaluated and the results presentedS
UWB Radar SLAM: an Anchorless Approach in Vision Denied Indoor Environments
LiDAR and cameras are frequently used as sensors for simultaneous
localization and mapping (SLAM). However, these sensors are prone to failure
under low visibility (e.g. smoke) or places with reflective surfaces (e.g.
mirrors). On the other hand, electromagnetic waves exhibit better penetration
properties when the wavelength increases, thus are not affected by low
visibility. Hence, this paper presents ultra-wideband (UWB) radar as an
alternative to the existing sensors. UWB is generally known to be used in
anchor-tag SLAM systems. One or more anchors are installed in the environment
and the tags are attached to the robots. Although this method performs well
under low visibility, modifying the existing infrastructure is not always
feasible. UWB has also been used in peer-to-peer ranging collaborative SLAM
systems. However, this requires more than a single robot and does not include
mapping in the mentioned environment like smoke. Therefore, the presented
approach in this paper solely depends on the UWB transceivers mounted on-board.
In addition, an extended Kalman filter (EKF) SLAM is used to solve the SLAM
problem at the back-end. Experiments were conducted and demonstrated that the
proposed UWB-based radar SLAM is able to map natural point landmarks inside an
indoor environment while improving robot localization
Experiments on Surface Reconstruction for Partially Submerged Marine Structures
Over the past 10 years, significant scientific effort has been dedicated to the problem of three-dimensional (3-D) surface reconstruction for structural systems. However, the critical area of marine structures remains insufficiently studied. The research presented here focuses on the problem of 3-D surface reconstruction in the marine environment. This paper summarizes our hardware, software, and experimental contributions on surface reconstruction over the past few years (2008–2011). We propose the use of off-the-shelf sensors and a robotic platform to scan marine structures both above and below the waterline, and we develop a method and software system that uses the Ball Pivoting Algorithm (BPA) and the Poisson reconstruction algorithm to reconstruct 3-D surface models of marine structures from the scanned data. We have tested our hardware and software systems extensively in Singapore waters, including operating in rough waters, where water currents are around 1–2 m/s. We present results on construction of various 3-D models of marine structures, including slowly moving structures such as floating platforms, moving boats, and stationary jetties. Furthermore, the proposed surface reconstruction algorithm makes no use of any navigation sensor such as GPS, a Doppler velocity log, or an inertial navigation system.Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology. Center for Environmental Sensing and Modelin
Biologically Inspired Monocular Vision Based Navigation and Mapping in GPS-Denied Environments
This paper presents an in-depth theoretical study of bio-vision inspired feature extraction and depth perception method integrated with vision-based simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM). We incorporate the key functions of developed visual cortex in several advanced species, including humans, for depth perception and pattern recognition. Our navigation strategy assumes GPS-denied manmade environment consisting of orthogonal walls, corridors and doors. By exploiting the architectural features of the indoors, we introduce a method for gathering useful landmarks from a monocular camera for SLAM
use, with absolute range information without using active ranging sensors. Experimental results show that the system is only limited by the capabilities of the camera and the
availability of good corners. The proposed methods are experimentally validated by our self-contained MAV inside a conventional building
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