866,493 research outputs found
Comments on Shimony's Analysis
Shimony's method of analysis does not distinguish adequately between a
legitimate assumption of no faster-than-light action in one direction and the
to-be-proved assertion of faster-than-light transfer of information in the
other direction. The virtue is noted of replacing the logical framework based
on counterfactual concepts by one based on the concept of fixed past open
future.Comment: For: Festschrift in honor of Asher Peres in Foundations of Physic
Implications of pressure diffusion for shock waves
The report deals with the possible implications of pressure diffusion for shocks in one dimensional traveling waves in an ideal gas. From this new hypothesis all aspects of such shocks can be calculated except shock thickness. Unlike conventional shock theory, the concept of entropy is not needed or used. Our analysis shows that temperature rises near a shock, which is of course an experimental fact; however, it also predicts that very close to a shock, density increases faster than pressure. In other words, a shock itself is cold
Einstein's "Zur Elektrodynamik..." (1905) Revisited, with Some Consequences
Einstein, in his "Zur Elektrodynamik bewegter Korper", gave a physical
(operational) meaning to "time" of a remote event in describing "motion" by
introducing the concept of "synchronous stationary clocks located at different
places". But with regard to "place" in describing motion, he assumed without
analysis the concept of a system of co-ordinates. In the present paper, we
propose a way of giving physical (operational) meaning to the concepts of
"place" and "co-ordinate system", and show how the observer can define both the
place and time of a remote event. Following Einstein, we consider another
system "in uniform motion of translation relatively to the former". Without
assuming "the properties of homogeneity which we attribute to space and time",
we show that the definitions of space and time in the two systems are linearly
related. We deduce some novel consequences of our approach regarding
faster-than-light observers and particles, "one-way" and "two-way" velocities
of light, symmetry, the "group property" of inertial reference frames, length
contraction and time dilatation, and the "twin paradox". Finally, we point out
a flaw in Einstein's argument in the "Electrodynamical Part" of his paper and
show that the Lorentz force formula and Einstein's formula for transformation
of field quantities are mutually consistent. We show that for faster-than-light
bodies, a simple modification of Planck's formula for mass suffices. (Except
for the reference to Planck's formula, we restrict ourselves to Physics of
1905.)Comment: 55 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in "Foundations of
Physics
Frontier impedance effects and the growth of international exchanges: an empirical analysis for France
On the European Union scale, international traffic is growing faster than intra-national traffic. This phenomenon is often viewed as a consequence of the abatement of the frontier effect. In this article the frontier effect is analyzed, on the basis of data available for road traffic between France and its neighbors and of freight transport data available at the EU level. The concept is discussed in the light of this empirical analysis. The shortcomings of the static approach lead to a critical revaluation by means of a longitudinal approach. In the conclusion some potential directions for future research are discussed.Frontier ; frontier effect ; international flow ; passengers transport ; goods transport ; Europe
Convergence in the Agricultural Incomes: a Comparison between the US and EU
In this paper we compare the changes in farm incomes in EU regions and US States between1989 and 2002. The aim of this comparative analysis is highlight the patterns of convergence or divergence and how they differ over time. We use two recent analytical instruments: non-stationary panel analysis and dynamic distribution analysis. Both tools overcome the problems involved in using standard cross-section analysis. The results of the non-stationary panel analysis show that the EU regions are converging, and that family farm income is converging faster than net added value. In the US states the analysis shows that substantial differences in farm income persist, and there are no evident signs of convergence. While, the regions are heterogeneous, we modified the analysis to allow for the concept of conditional convergence. The results show that the regions converge towards different levels of productivity but regions that are further from their steady-state level will grow faster.Agricultural Finance,
Faster Background Determination - a method for gaining time coverage and flux measurement accuracy with Cherenkov telescopes
An improved way of taking off-source data for background determination in
Cherenkov telescope observations is proposed. Generalizing the traditional
concept of taking on-source/off-source observations of equal duration (e.g. 30
minutes ON followed by 30 minutes OFF), Faster Background Determination (FBD)
permits an off-source observation with the same zenith angle distribution as
the on-source observation to be obtained within less time. The method permits
the on-source observation time to be maximized without compromising the quality
of the background determination. It also increases the signal significance for
strong sources. The only modification necessary in the data acquisition is a
small change to the tracking algorithm. The only modification necessary in the
data analysis is to introduce a time normalization which does not increase the
systematic errors. The method could become the normal observing mode for
Cherenkov telescopes when observing strong sources.Comment: LaTeX, 13 pages, 4 figures, Astropart. Phys., in pres
Breaking the paradigm: Dr Insight empowers signature-free, enhanced drug repurposing
Motivation: Transcriptome-based computational drug repurposing has attracted considerable interest by bringing about faster and more cost-effective drug discovery. Nevertheless, key limitations of the current drug connectivity-mapping paradigm have been long overlooked, including the lack of effective means to determine optimal query gene signatures. Results: The novel approach Dr Insight implements a frame-breaking statistical model for the âhand-shakeâ between disease and drug data. The genome-wide screening of concordantly expressed genes (CEGs) eliminates the need for subjective selection of query signatures, added to eliciting better proxy for potential disease-specific drug targets. Extensive comparisons on simulated and real cancer datasets have validated the superior performance of Dr Insight over several popular drug-repurposing methods to detect known cancer drugs and drugâtarget interactions. A proof-of-concept trial using the TCGA breast cancer dataset demonstrates the application of Dr Insight for a comprehensive analysis, from redirection of drug therapies, to a systematic construction of disease-specific drug-target networks
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