Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar

Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar (HPSG) is a constraint-based or declarative approach to linguistic knowledge, which analyses all descriptive levels (phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, pragmatics) with feature value pairs, structure sharing, and relational constraints. In syntax it assumes that expressions have a single relatively simple constituent structure. This volume provides a state-of-the-art introduction to the framework. Various chapters discuss basic assumptions and formal foundations, describe the evolution of the framework, and go into the details of the main syntactic phenomena. Further chapters are devoted to non-syntactic levels of description. The book also considers related fields and research areas (gesture, sign languages, computational linguistics) and includes chapters comparing HPSG with other frameworks (Lexical Functional Grammar, Categorial Grammar, Construction Grammar, Dependency Grammar, and Minimalism)

Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar

Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar (HPSG) is a constraint-based or declarative approach to linguistic knowledge, which analyses all descriptive levels (phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, pragmatics) with feature value pairs, structure sharing, and relational constraints. In syntax it assumes that expressions have a single relatively simple constituent structure. This volume provides a state-of-the-art introduction to the framework. Various chapters discuss basic assumptions and formal foundations, describe the evolution of the framework, and go into the details of the main syntactic phenomena. Further chapters are devoted to non-syntactic levels of description. The book also considers related fields and research areas (gesture, sign languages, computational linguistics) and includes chapters comparing HPSG with other frameworks (Lexical Functional Grammar, Categorial Grammar, Construction Grammar, Dependency Grammar, and Minimalism)

Modélisation informatique de structures dynamiques de segments textuels pour l'analyse de corpus

The objective of the thesis is to propose a data-processing model to represent, build and exploit textualstructures. The suggested model relies on a «type/token» form of text representation extended bysystems of lexical and contextual annotations. This model's establishment was carried out in the SATOsoftware -- of which the functionalities and the internal organization are presented. Reference to anumber of works give an account of the development and use of the software in various contexts.The formal assumption of the textual and discursive structures find an ally in the beaconing XMLlanguage and the proposals of the Text Encoding Initiative (TEI). Formally, the structures built on thetextual segments correspond to graphs. In a development driven textual analysis context, these graphsare multiple and partially deployed. Their resolution, within the fastening of the nodes to textualsegments or that of other graphs, is a dynamic process which can be sustained by various dataprocessingmechanisms. Examples drawn from textual linguistics are used to illustrate the principles ofstructural annotation. Prospective considerations for the data-processing establishment of amanagement system of the structural annotation are also exposed.L'objectif de la thèse est de proposer un modèle informatique pour représenter, construire et exploiterdes structures textuelles. Le modèle proposé s'appuie sur une représentation du texte sous la forme d'unplan lexique/occurrences augmenté de systèmes d'annotations lexicales et contextuelles, modèle dontune implantation a été réalisée dans le logiciel SATO dont on présente les fonctionnalités etl'organisation interne. La présentation d'un certain nombre de travaux rendent compte dudéveloppement et de l'utilisation du logiciel dans divers contextes.La prise en charge formelle des structures textuelles et discursives trouve un allié dans le langage debalisage XML et dans les propositions de la Text Encoding Initiative (TEI). Formellement, lesstructures construites sur les segments textuels correspondent à des graphes. Dans le contexte d'uneanalyse textuelle en élaboration, ces graphes sont multiples et partiellement déployés. La résolution deces graphes, au sens du rattachement des noeuds à des segments textuels ou à des noeuds d'autresgraphes, est un processus dynamique qui peut être soutenu par divers mécanismes informatiques. Desexemples tirés de la linguistique textuelle servent à illustrer les principes de l'annotation structurelle.Des considérations prospectives sur une implantation informatique d'un système de gestion del'annotation structurelle sont aussi exposées

Fast query for large treebanks

This is a pre-print of a paper from Human Language Technologies: Proceedings of the 11th Annual Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics 2010 published by Association for Computational Linguistics. http://naaclhlt2010.isi.edu/A variety of query systems have been developed for interrogatingparsed corpora, or treebanks. With the arrival of efficient,wide-coverage parsers, it is feasible to create very largedatabases of trees.However, existing approaches that use in-memory search,or relational or XML database technologies, do not scale up.We describe a method for storage, indexing, and query oftreebanks that uses an information retrieval engine.Several experiments with a large treebank demonstrateexcellent scaling characteristics for a wide rangeof query types. This work facilitates the curation ofmuch larger treebanks, and enables them to be used effectivelyin a variety of scientific and engineering tasks