Macro/micro-mobility fast handover in hierarchical mobile IPv6

Mobile Internet Protocol version 6 (MIPv6) has been proposed to solve the problem of mobility in the new era of Internet by handling routing of IPv6 packets to mobile nodes that have moved away from their home network. Users will move frequently between networks, as they stay connected to the Internet. Thus, as mobility increases across networks, handovers will significantly impact the quality of the connection and user application. However, MIPv6 only defines means of managing global (macro)-mobility but does not address micro-mobility separately. Instead, it uses the same mechanism in both cases. This involves long handover delay and signaling load. The Hierarchical Mobile IPv6 (HMIPv6) protocol has been proposed as an extension of basic MIPv6 to solve this problem by splitting the handover management into macro-mobility and micro-mobility schemes. HMIPv6 introduced a new protocol agent called Mobility Anchor Point (MAP) to manage mobility and serve as a local entity to aid in mobile handover. The handover (or registration) operation is the operation when MN registers its presence to its Home Agent (HA) and Correspondent Node (CN). This paper proposes a mechanism to perform fast handover in HMIPv6 by adopting the multicast technique to the MAP for both macro-mobility and micro-mobility management. Our proposal is designed to minimize service disruption that occurs during the registration operation. We simulate the performance using network simulator (NS-2) and we present and analyze the performance testing for our proposal by comparing it with the basic hierarchical mobile IPv6. The results show that our scheme allows the MN to receive packets faster than the basic HMIPv6

Macro/micro-mobility fast handover in hierarchical mobile IPv6

Mobile Internet Protocol version 6 (MIPv6) has been proposed to solve the problem of mobility in the new era of Internet by handling routing of IPv6 packets to mobile nodes that have moved away from their home network. Users will move frequently between networks, as they stay connected to the Internet. Thus, as mobility increases across networks, handovers will significantly impact the quality of the connection and user application. However, MIPv6 only defines means of managing global (macro)-mobility but does not address micro-mobility separately. Instead, it uses the same mechanism in both cases. This involves long handover delay and signaling load. The Hierarchical Mobile IPv6 (HMIPv6) protocol has been proposed as an extension of basic MIPv6 to solve this problem by splitting the handover management into macro-mobility and micro-mobility schemes. HMIPv6 introduced a new protocol agent called Mobility Anchor Point (MAP) to manage mobility and serve as a local entity to aid in mobile handover. The handover (or registration) operation is the operation when MN registers its presence to its Home Agent (HA) and Correspondent Node (CN). This paper proposes a mechanism to perform fast handover in HMIPv6 by adopting the multicast technique to the MAP for both macromobility and micro-mobility management. Our proposal is designed to minimize service disruption that occurs during the registration operation. We simulate the performance using network simulator (NS-2) and we present and analyze the performance testing for our proposal by comparing it with the basic hierarchical mobile IPv6. The results show that our scheme allows the MN to receive packets faster than the basic HMIPv6

Flat Cellular (UMTS) Networks

Traditionally, cellular systems have been built in a hierarchical manner: many specialized cellular access network elements that collectively form a hierarchical cellular system. When 2G and later 3G systems were designed there was a good reason to make system hierarchical: from a cost-perspective it was better to concentrate traffic and to share the cost of processing equipment over a large set of users while keeping the base stations relatively cheap. However, we believe the economic reasons for designing cellular systems in a hierarchical manner have disappeared: in fact, hierarchical architectures hinder future efficient deployments. In this paper, we argue for completely flat cellular wireless systems, which need just one type of specialized network element to provide radio access network (RAN) functionality, supplemented by standard IP-based network elements to form a cellular network. While the reason for building a cellular system in a hierarchical fashion has disappeared, there are other good reasons to make the system architecture flat: (1) as wireless transmission techniques evolve into hybrid ARQ systems, there is less need for a hierarchical cellular system to support spatial diversity; (2) we foresee that future cellular networks are part of the Internet, while hierarchical systems typically use interfaces between network elements that are specific to cellular standards or proprietary. At best such systems use IP as a transport medium, not as a core component; (3) a flat cellular system can be self scaling while a hierarchical system has inherent scaling issues; (4) moving all access technologies to the edge of the network enables ease of converging access technologies into a common packet core; and (5) using an IP common core makes the cellular network part of the Internet

The MobyDick Project: A Mobile Heterogeneous All-IP Architecture

Proceedings of Advanced Technologies, Applications and Market Strategies for 3G (ATAMS 2001). Cracow, Poland: 17-20 June, 2001.This paper presents the current stage of an IP-based architecture for heterogeneous environments, covering UMTS-like W-CDMA wireless access technology, wireless and wired LANs, that is being developed under the aegis of the IST Moby Dick project. This architecture treats all transmission capabilities as basic physical and data-link layers, and attempts to replace all higher-level tasks by IP-based strategies. The proposed architecture incorporates aspects of mobile-IPv6, fast handover, AAA-control, and Quality of Service. The architecture allows for an optimised control on the radio link layer resources. The Moby dick architecture is currently under refinement for implementation on field trials. The services planned for trials are data transfer and voice-over-IP.Publicad

Roaming Real-Time Applications - Mobility Services in IPv6 Networks

Emerging mobility standards within the next generation Internet Protocol, IPv6, promise to continuously operate devices roaming between IP networks. Associated with the paradigm of ubiquitous computing and communication, network technology is on the spot to deliver voice and videoconferencing as a standard internet solution. However, current roaming procedures are too slow, to remain seamless for real-time applications. Multicast mobility still waits for a convincing design. This paper investigates the temporal behaviour of mobile IPv6 with dedicated focus on topological impacts. Extending the hierarchical mobile IPv6 approach we suggest protocol improvements for a continuous handover, which may serve bidirectional multicast communication, as well. Along this line a multicast mobility concept is introduced as a service for clients and sources, as they are of dedicated importance in multipoint conferencing applications. The mechanisms introduced do not rely on assumptions of any specific multicast routing protocol in use.Comment: 15 pages, 5 figure

Mobile IP: state of the art report

Due to roaming, a mobile device may change its network attachment each time it moves to a new link. This might cause a disruption for the Internet data packets that have to reach the mobile node. Mobile IP is a protocol, developed by the Mobile IP Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) working group, that is able to inform the network about this change in network attachment such that the Internet data packets will be delivered in a seamless way to the new point of attachment. This document presents current developments and research activities in the Mobile IP area

Fast handover algorithm for hierarchical mobile IPv6 macro-mobility management

Mobile lh.6 (MIPv6) has some limitations due to long delays and signaling load during handover operation. Hierarchical Mobile IPv6 (HMIPv6) is the extension of MIPv6 that is designed to reduce the signaling load and to improve handover speed of MIPv6 by splitting the mobility management into macro and micro mobility management schemes. However HhfIPv6 only improves micro mobility problem where the signifcant delay still occurs in the macro mobility management because the handover algorithm is similar with the MIPv6 environment, This paper proposes a new fast handover algorithm that overcomes the limitations in Mobile MIPv6 and its extension HMIPv6. Our design objective is to re-establish the communication traffic flow quickly and to minimize the service disruption delay that occnrs during handover process in a macro mobility environment. This handover algorithm is based on the modification of the HMIPv6 protocol using the multicast technique concept. This algorithm will enable the mobile node to receive packet faster than HMIPv6 protocol during handover, seamlessly and transparently. Keywords: Mobile lPv6, HMPv6, Hondover. Mufticart Schem