Cost analysis of composite fan blade manufacturing processes

The relative manufacturing costs were estimated for large high technology fan blades prepared by advanced composite fabrication methods using seven candidate materials/process systems. These systems were identified as laminated resin matrix composite, filament wound resin matrix composite, superhybrid solid laminate, superhybrid spar/shell, metal matrix composite, metal matrix composite with a spar and shell, and hollow titanium. The costs were calculated utilizing analytical process models and all cost data are presented as normalized relative values where 100 was the cost of a conventionally forged solid titanium fan blade whose geometry corresponded to a size typical of 42 blades per disc. Four costs were calculated for each of the seven candidate systems to relate the variation of cost on blade size. Geometries typical of blade designs at 24, 30, 36 and 42 blades per disc were used. The impact of individual process yield factors on costs was also assessed as well as effects of process parameters, raw materials, labor rates and consumable items

Fiscal fan charts - A tool for assessing member states’ (likely?) compliance with EU fiscal rules

This paper sets out a methodology for constructing fan charts for the government deficit and debt ratios over the medium-term. It relies on information contained in Stability/Convergence Programme Updates, a model of the relevant stochastic process (for example, the real GDP process) or processes, and a parameter estimate of the sensitivity of the primary budget balance to the output gap for the member state under consideration. A model of the dynamic deficit-debt relationship allows the impact of random output growth to work its way through the fiscal arithmetic in a consistent and traceable way to produce fan charts over a five-year forecast horizon. The initial set of fiscal fan charts included here for Ireland use the indicative public finance projections set out in the 2011 Update for Ireland. The range of possible fiscal outcomes in the charts assumes no fiscal policy response to any change in the budgetary position over the period such as could arise from changes in growth rates. This assumption of “no policy change” is a standard one in the construction of fan charts. Governments will, however, generally be in a position to adjust fiscal policy towards meeting a specific fiscal target, such as reaching a deficit position of less than 3 percent of GDP in the medium-term. A second set of fan charts is included which indicates how the probabilistic range of fiscal outcomes could be affected by a tightening of fiscal policy in 2013-2015.Programme Updates, fan charts, fiscal arithmetic, stochastic processes, prediction regions

Geomorphology of the Kaikoura area

The major physiographic units in the Kaikoura area are the Peninsula Block, Beach Ridges and Raised Beaches, Hard Rock Areas and the Alluvial Fans. Erosion of the Seaward Kaikoura Mountains and the transfer of the debris to the sea by fan streams have contributed to coastline pro gradation so that a former offshore island, now called the Kaikoura Peninsula, has been joined to the mainland. On the piedmont alluvial plain between the mountains and the sea Otiran Glacial Stage and Holocene fan deposits have covered up older fan surfaces. Stillstands during the tectonic uplift of the Peninsula Block when marine processes cut shore platforms and also higher stands of interglacial sea levels in the Late Pleistocene have contributed to the development of erosion surfaces. Along the coast beach ridges and raised beaches have developed during post-glacial times

The WINCOF-I code: Detailed description

The performance of an axial-flow fan-compressor unit is basically unsteady when there is ingestion of water along with the gas phase. The gas phase is a mixture of air and water vapor in the case of a bypass fan engine that provides thrust power to an aircraft. The liquid water may be in the form of droplets and film at entry to the fan. The unsteadiness is then associated with the relative motion between the gas phase and water, at entry and within the machine, while the water undergoes impact on material surfaces, centrifuging, heat and mass transfer processes, and reingestion in blade wakes, following peal off from blade surfaces. The unsteadiness may be caused by changes in atmospheric conditions and at entry into and exit from rain storms while the aircraft is in flight. In a multi-stage machine, with an uneven distribution of blade tip clearance, the combined effect of various processes in the presence of steady or time-dependent ingestion is such as to make the performance of a fan and a compressor unit time-dependent from the start of ingestion up to a short time following termination of ingestion. The original WINCOF code was developed without accounting for the relative motion between gas and liquid phases in the ingested fluid. A modification of the WINCOF code was developed and named WINCOF-1. The WINCOF-1 code can provide the transient performance of a fan-compressor unit under a variety of input conditions

Film adaptation for knowing audiences: analysing fan on-line responses to the end of Breaking Dawn – Part 2 (2012)

Critics of film adaptations of literary works have historically evaluated the success or failure of the movie on the grounds of its fidelity to the original book. In contrast popular arguments for medium specificity have questioned whether fidelity is possible when adapting one medium to another. This article follows recent academic work which has focused awareness on the processes of adaptation by examining evidence of reading and viewing experience in online and social media forums.      The broader research project explored the online Twilight fan community as an example of a ‘knowing audience’ acquainted with both novel and film. Here we focus on the strong response within fan forums to the surprise ending of the final film adaptation Breaking Dawn – Part 2 (2012). The research uses the forum, blog and facebook page as sites for evidence of reading experience as defined by the Reading Experience Database (RED). The analysis sheds new light on the tensions that exist between fidelity and deviation and the article positions fan audiences as intensive readers who gained unexpected pleasure from a deviation from a canon. It argues that fans are also collaborators within the adaptation process who respect authorial authority and discuss the author’s, scriptwriter’s and director’s interpretation of the novel for the screen. The research identifies the creative and commercial advantages to be gained from a collaborative and open dialogue between adaptors and fans.  Keywords: Adaptation, fandom, online fan communities, Twilight, reading experience, film, audiences, fidelity, canon, collaboration, screenwriting, franchise, Stephenie Meyer, Melissa Rosenberg, Bill Condo

USER EXPERIENCE IMPROVEMENT AFTER OOBE

The system is busy after the Out-of-box experience (OOBE). For example, windows update, mail download, search Index create, antivirus and so on. The fan noise and skin temperature will be high easily because the system is busy above activities in a few days (we define this period after the OOBE, as AOOBE period). Some activities are background processes. User may not aware the system is busy by these processes. The user experience is bad for the fan noise, skin temperature and system performance during AOOBE period. We provide a method to improve user experience during the AOOBE period. We can detect the system is in the AOOBE period and then control fan speed and suspend background processes are not “must do” process when system is busy in the AOOBE period. The suspend background processes will be resumed when system is idle. It can improve user experience for fan noise, skin temperature and system performanc

Fan-surface dynamics and biogenic calcrete development: Interactions during ultimate phases of fan evolution in the semiarid SE Spain (Murcia)

Pleistocene alluvial fan surfaces of the Campo de Cartagena–Mar Menor Basin, Murcia, SE Spain. are capped by thick mature calcretes. Calcrete profiles consist mainly of six different horizons: prismatic, chalky, nodular, massive, laminar and coated-gravels. Petrographic study of the calcretes has shown the occurrence of features such as alveolar septal structures, calcified filaments, coated grains, spherulites, calcified root cells and calcispheres that indicate the biogenic origin of the calcretes, mainly induced by plant root related microbial activity. The calcretes studied were formed initially in the soil and represented the K horizon. Development of the calcrete profiles took place in six main stages and was driven by multiple phases of soil formation, erosion and reworking. The relationships between these processes caused the formation of different calcrete profiles in proximal and distal fan areas. In the distal areas, which are controlled by limited distal fan aggradation, episodic sediment input, buried previously developed calcretes and generated new space for calcrete growth by plants growing in the overlying unconsolidated materials. This allowed the renewal of calcrete formation and it led to the development of complex composite profiles which are thicker than in proximal areas, where surface stabilisation andror dissection enabled calcrete reworking and brecciation. These processes of erosion, sedimentation, reworking and renewed calcrete formation initiated by vegetation were repeated through time. They explain the complex macro- and microstructures of these calcretes and indicate that calcrete development, even reaching mature stages, can start before the fan surface is completely abandoned, but it requires episodic sedimentation. Eventually, distal fan aggradation and continuous calcrete development throughout the entire fan surface, led to the ultimate fan surface induration, controlling subsequent landscape evolution. So, fan surface calcretes cannot be envisaged as simple top-surface carbonate accumulations, but as complex feedback systems in which pedogenic, biogenic and sedimentary processes interact in response to the evolving fan-surface dynamics during the terminal phases of fan development in semiarid environments. q1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved