Sites of synthesis and transport of photosynthetic products within the leaf cell

Abstract1.1. After illumination of leaves in the presence of 14CO2 for various times and subsequent freeze drying, chloroplasts were isolated using a nonaqueous procedure. The time-course of the distribution of a number of compounds between chloroplasts and the remainder of the cell was calculated from the 14C-incorporation into the fractions obtained.2.2. Labelled ribulose diphosphate, sedoheptulose diphosphate and sedoheptulose monophosphate occurred, at least during the first minutes of photosynthesis, solely in the chloroplasts. At the beginning of photosynthesis phosphoglyceric acid, fructose diphosphate, fructose monophosphate and glucose monophosphate appeared first in the chloroplasts, but were found later also in the non-chloroplastic part of the cell. The major part of glucose diphosphate, uridine diphosphoglucose, sucrose, malic acid and citric acid was always located in the non-chloroplastic part of the cell.3.3. From the results it is concluded that the photosynthetic carbon cycle operates exclusively in the chloroplasts. Sugar phosphates, which are not needed in the cyclic regeneration of the CO2-acceptor, are directly translocated into the cytoplasm. The synthesis of uridine diphosphoglucose takes place mainly in the cytoplasm. Glucose diphosphate and possibly also sucrose seem to be formed in the cytoplasm of the leaf cell

Studies of the behaviour of fast reactor fuel elements using a computer model

Imperial Users onl

Eine Übersicht über Information Retrieval (IR) und NLP-Verfahren zur Klassifikation von Texten

Die vorliegende Arbeit soll einen kurzen Überblick über gängige Ansätze aus dem Information Retrieval (IR) und der Natürlichsprachlichen Verarbeitung (NLP) zur Informationsextraktion geben. Diese Untersuchung wurde primär mit dem Ziel durchgeführt, statistische und wissensbasierte Techniken auf ihre Einsetzbarkeit zur Klassifikation von Texten zu evaluieren. Wir unterscheiden zwischen statistischen, regelbasierten, konzeptbasierten, probabilistischen sowie konnektionistischen Verfahren und stellen exemplarisch hierfür bekannte Systeme vor. Sowohl Information Retrieval- als auch NLP-Systeme gehen von korrekten ASCII-Texten als Eingabe aus. Diese Voraussetzung gilt jedoch in der Dokumentanalyse nicht. Nach dem optischen Abtasten eines Dokuments, der Strukturanalyse und der nachfolgenden Texterkennung treten Wortalternativen mit Erkennungswahrscheinlichkeiten auf, die bei der partiellen inhaltlichen Analyse, d. h. der Informationsextraktion aus Texten, berücksichtigt werden müssen. Deshalb gehen wir am Schluß der Arbeit darauf ein, inwieweit die oben genannten Verfahren prinzipiell auf die Dokumentanalyse übertragbar sind. Vorab soll betont werden, daß die vorliegende Studie zwei im Rahmen des ALV-Projektes am DFKI entwickelte Prototypen zur inhaltsbasierten Klassifikation von Dokumenten motiviert: einer verwendet statistische Methoden zur automatischen Indexierung; der andere beruht auf einem Regelinterpreter, der die bewerteten Worthypothesen als Evidenzen für Konzepte durch ein hierarchisches Netzwerk propagiert

BMPR2 mutations and endothelial dysfunction in pulmonary arterial hypertension (2017 Grover Conference Series)

Despite the discovery more than 15 years ago that patients with hereditary pulmonary arterial hypertension (HPAH) inherit BMP type 2 receptor ( BMPR2) mutations, it is still unclear how these mutations cause disease. In part, this is attributable to the rarity of HPAH and difficulty obtaining tissue samples from patients with early disease. However, in addition, limitations to the approaches used to study the effects of BMPR2 mutations on the pulmonary vasculature have restricted our ability to determine how individual mutations give rise to progressive pulmonary vascular pathology in HPAH. The importance of understanding the mechanisms by which BMPR2 mutations cause disease in patients with HPAH is underscored by evidence that there is reduced BMPR2 expression in patients with other, more common, non-hereditary form of PAH, and that restoration of BMPR2 expression reverses established disease in experimental models of pulmonary hypertension. In this paper, we focus on the effects on endothelial function. We discuss some of the controversies and challenges that have faced investigators exploring the role of BMPR2 mutations in HPAH, focusing specifically on the effects different BMPR2 mutation have on endothelial function, and whether there are qualitative differences between different BMPR2 mutations. We discuss evidence that BMPR2 signaling regulates a number of responses that may account for endothelial abnormalities in HPAH and summarize limitations of the models that are used to study these effects. Finally, we discuss evidence that BMPR2-dependent effects on endothelial metabolism provides a unifying explanation for the many of the BMPR2 mutation-dependent effects that have been described in patients with HPAH

Isolated heart model demonstrates evidence of contractile and diastolic dysfunction in right ventricles from rats with sugen/hypoxia‐induced pulmonary hypertension

Although extensively used for the study of left ventricular function, limited experience exists with the isolated heart model in the evaluation of right ventricular (RV) function. In particular, no published experience exists with this tool in sugen/hypoxia‐induced pulmonary hypertension (SuHx‐PH), a frequently used model of severe and progressive PH. We sought to characterize markers of RV contractile and diastolic function in SuHx‐PH and to establish their relationship with markers of maladaptive RV remodeling. Hearts were excised from anesthetized Sprague Dawley rats with or without SuHx‐PH and perfused via the aorta using a Langendorff preparation. We explored the Frank–Starling relationship of RV function (RV developed pressure, dP/dt max, and dP/dt min; all normalized to RV mass) by increasing RV end‐diastolic pressure (RVEDP) from 0 to 40 mmHg. Functional studies were complemented by quantification of RV pro‐apoptotic signaling (bcl2/bax), procontractile signaling (apelin), and stress response signaling (p38MAPK activation). Pearson's correlation analysis was performed for functional and biochemical parameters. SuHx‐RVs exhibited severe RV dysfunction with marked hypertrophy and decreased echocardiographic cardiac output. For any given RVEDP, SuHx‐RVs demonstrated less developed pressure and lower dP/dt max, as well as less pronounced dP/dt min, suggestive of decreased contractile and diastolic function. SuHx‐RVs exhibited decreased bcl2/bax ratios, apelin expression, and p38MAPK activation. Bcl2/bax and apelin RNA abundance correlated positively with RV developed pressure and dP/dt max and negatively with dP/dt min. p38MAPK activation correlated positively with RV developed pressure. We conclude that SuHx‐RVs exhibit severe contractile and diastolic dysfunction. Increased pro‐apoptotic signaling and attenuated procontractile and stress response signaling may contribute to these functional alterations

How to Succeed in Business Without Really Trying, November 10 – 27, 1999

From the authors of Guys and Dolls comes one of the most delightfully irreverent musicals of all time, a satire of big business and all it holds sacred. Winner of both the Tony and Pulitzer Prize for its 1961 debut and considered a biting and uproarious satire of the corporate world with its nepotism, yes-men and old school ties. How To Succeed in Business Without Really Trying is the story of two kinds of people: those who follow the rules and those who don\u27t. Follow the rise of window-washer J. Pierrepont Finch, in his hilarious journey to chairman of the board at the World Wide Wicket Company, a ridiculous company where no one really knows what anyone else is doing. But when Finch meets his true love Rosemary, art mixes with business creating a combustible parody of the workings and morals of the business world and all the quirky characters in it. Book by Abe Burrows, Jack Weinstock and Willie Gilbert. Music and lyrics by Frank Loesser. Based upon the book by Shepherd Mead. Director & Choreographer: Brian Hill Musical Director: Steve Thomashttps://source.sheridancollege.ca/faad_visu_uniq_theatre/1093/thumbnail.jp