Deceptively Simple: Framing, Intuition, and Judicial Gatekeeping of Forensic Feature-Comparison Methods Evidence

This Article explains how courts have skirted the reliability problem of FCM evidence and argues that judges perceive the question of FCM evidence to be a simple problem that cross-examination can solve. Relying on insights from cognitive science to help explain the resistance of the courts to FCM evidence challenges, the Article urges courts to recognize the complexity of FCM evidence and refocus on the danger such evidence poses for continued wrongful conviction. By framing the admissibility of FCM evidence as an “easy” question, courts are relying on heuristics—that is, shortcuts—to solve complex problems. As this Article explains, using heuristics can lead to more error-prone decisions, as such shortcuts are vulnerable to various cognitive biases and systemic fallacies. In both reasoning and language, courts exhibit biased-affected decision-making. Part I of the Article briefly reviews the NRC report and the PCAST report while Part II discusses cases addressing FCM evidence. The cognitive science that may explain the courts’ consistent approaches to the evidence is considered in Part III. Part III then applies these concepts to judicial decision-making related to FCM evidence—a complicated problem in need of greater analysis

Electricity load profile classification using Fuzzy C-Means method

This paper presents the Fuzzy C-Means (FCM) clustering method. The FCM technique assigns a degree of membership for each data set to several clusters, thus offering the opportunity to deal with load profiles that could belong to more than one group at the same time. The FCM algorithm is based on minimising a c-means objective function to determine an optimal classification. The simulation of FCM was carried out using actual sample data from Indonesia and the results are presented. Some validity index measurements was carried out to estimate the compactness of the resulting clusters or to find the optimal number of clusters for a data set

On electromagnetics of an isotropic chiral medium moving at constant velocity

A medium which is an isotropic chiral medium from the perspective of a co-moving observer is a Faraday chiral medium (FCM) from the perspective of a non-co-moving observer. The Tellegen constitutive relations for this FCM are established. By an extension of the Beltrami field concept, these constitutive relations are exploited to show that planewave propagation is characterized by four generally independent wavenumbers. This FCM can support negative phase velocity at certain translational velocities and with certain wavevectors, even though the corresponding isotropic chiral medium does not. The constitutive relations and Beltrami--like fields are also used to develop a convenient spectral representation of the dyadic Green functions for the FCM

OR13-3 Effects of Iron Isomaltoside versus Ferric Carboxymaltose on Hormonal Control of Phosphate Homeostasis: The PHOSPHARE-IDA04/05 Randomized Controlled Trials

Iron isomaltoside (IIM) and ferric carboxymaltose (FCM) are newer intravenous iron preparations that can be administered in high-doses to rapidly correct iron deficiency anemia (IDA). FCM can cause hypophosphatemia due to fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) mediated renal phosphate wasting, which has been associated with osteomalacia, but the comparative effects of IIM are unknown. In two separate, identically designed, open label randomized controlled trials, we 1:1 randomized 245 adults with IDA to receive IIM (single infusion of 1000 mg) or FCM (FDA-approved dosing schedule: 2 infusions of 750 mg administered 1 week apart). We compared the incidence, severity and duration of hypophosphatemia, and effects on renal phosphate excretion, FGF23, PTH, vitamin D, and biomarkers of bone turnover measured in blood and urine samples collected at study visits at baseline (day 0) and on days 1, 7, 8, 14, 21, and 35. In pooled analyses of both trials, the incidence of hypophosphatemia 35 days. FCM but not IIM also induced changes in vitamin D and calcium homeostasis that triggered secondary hyperparathyroidism, which likely contributed to persistence of hypophosphatemia. Consistent with case reports of pathological fractures following FCM use, FCM also induced significant elevations of biomarkers of bone turnover that are associated with osteomalacia

A link between measured neutron star masses and lattice QCD data

We study the hadron-quark phase transition in neutron star matter and the structural properties of hybrid stars using an equation of state (EOS) for the quark phase derived with the field correlator method (FCM). We make use of the measured neutron star masses, and particularly the mass of PSR J1614-2230, to constrain the values of the gluon condensate $G_2$ which is one of the EOS parameter within the FCM. We find that the values of $G_2$ extracted from the mass measurement of PSR J1614-2230 are fully consistent with the values of the same quantity derived, within the FCM, from recent lattice quantum chromodynamics (QCD) calculations of the deconfinement transition temperature at zero baryon chemical potential. The FCM thus provides a powerful tool to link numerical calculations of QCD on a space-time lattice with neutron stars physics.Comment: Minor changes and typos correcte

Dynamic Fuzzy c-Means (dFCM) Clustering and its Application to Calorimetric Data Reconstruction in High Energy Physics

In high energy physics experiments, calorimetric data reconstruction requires a suitable clustering technique in order to obtain accurate information about the shower characteristics such as position of the shower and energy deposition. Fuzzy clustering techniques have high potential in this regard, as they assign data points to more than one cluster,thereby acting as a tool to distinguish between overlapping clusters. Fuzzy c-means (FCM) is one such clustering technique that can be applied to calorimetric data reconstruction. However, it has a drawback: it cannot easily identify and distinguish clusters that are not uniformly spread. A version of the FCM algorithm called dynamic fuzzy c-means (dFCM) allows clusters to be generated and eliminated as required, with the ability to resolve non-uniformly distributed clusters. Both the FCM and dFCM algorithms have been studied and successfully applied to simulated data of a sampling tungsten-silicon calorimeter. It is seen that the FCM technique works reasonably well, and at the same time, the use of the dFCM technique improves the performance.Comment: 15 pages, 10 figures. It is accepted for publication in NIM