A Customizable Camera-based Human Computer Interaction System Allowing People With Disabilities Autonomous Hands Free Navigation of Multiple Computing Task

Many people suffer from conditions that lead to deterioration of motor control and makes access to the computer using traditional input devices difficult. In particular, they may loose control of hand movement to the extent that the standard mouse cannot be used as a pointing device. Most current alternatives use markers or specialized hardware to track and translate a user's movement to pointer movement. These approaches may be perceived as intrusive, for example, wearable devices. Camera-based assistive systems that use visual tracking of features on the user's body often require cumbersome manual adjustment. This paper introduces an enhanced computer vision based strategy where features, for example on a user's face, viewed through an inexpensive USB camera, are tracked and translated to pointer movement. The main contributions of this paper are (1) enhancing a video based interface with a mechanism for mapping feature movement to pointer movement, which allows users to navigate to all areas of the screen even with very limited physical movement, and (2) providing a customizable, hierarchical navigation framework for human computer interaction (HCI). This framework provides effective use of the vision-based interface system for accessing multiple applications in an autonomous setting. Experiments with several users show the effectiveness of the mapping strategy and its usage within the application framework as a practical tool for desktop users with disabilities.National Science Foundation (IIS-0093367, IIS-0329009, 0202067

Design and Implementation of Small Multiples Matrix-based Visualisation to Monitor and Compare Email Socio-organisational Relationships

One of the fundamental organisational questions is how organisations identify anomalies, monitor and compare email communications between staff-staff or staff-clients or staff-customers relationships on a daily basis. The tenacious and substantial relationships are built by the combination of timely replies, frequent engagement and deep interaction between the individuals. To watchdog this periodically, we need an interactive visualisation tool that can help organisational analysts to reconnect some lost relationships and/or strengthen an existing relationship or in some cases identify inside persons (anomalies). From our point of view, Social Intelligence (SI) in an organisation is a combination of self-, social- and organisational-awareness that will help in managing complex socio-organisational changes and can be interpreted in terms of socio-organisational communication efficacy (that is, one's confidence in one's ability to deal with social and organisational information). We considered a case study, an Enron Organisation Email Scandal, to understand the relationships of staff during various parts of the years and we conducted a workshop study with legal experts to gain insights on how they carry out investigation/analysis with respect to email relationships. The outcomes of the workshop helped us develop a novel small multiples matrix-based visualisation in collaboration with our industrial partner, Red Sift UK, to find anomalies, monitor and compare how email relationships change over time and how it defines the meaning of socio-organisational communication efficacy

Reviewing the understanding of the effects of spacing on children’s eye movements for on-screen reading

This paper endeavors to consolidate current knowledge and empirical research concerning the use of typography for children’s on-screen reading. This paper is not intended as a full literature review but attempts to raise awareness of the areas required for future investigation. This evaluation indicates a significant gap in the literature of children’s on-screen reading and proposes a need for further investigations in typographical spacing. These future studies need to objectively consider children’s eye movements and the effect of screen based text presentation on children’s comprehension

Informatisation of transport process using GPS navigation system

Nowadays, internal business processes are one of the crucial factors of firms’ competitive advantage achievement, which is becoming increasingly important, not only on local but also on global markets. Firms’ performance improvement depends to a large extent on its flexibility, adjustability and especially ability to manage internal business processes. Hence, use of information technology is among the fundamental elements of business process change, which not only improve competitiveness but also assure long term development and growth of the firm. For all these reasons, the main purpose of this article is firstly to establish that use of information technology is feasible in all industries, explain what possible obstacles for successful informatisation are, and which are major advantages after its implementation. Secondly, within theoretical aspect we present broaden view of informatisation in logistics, whilst practical example illustrates successful informatisation of transport process with adoption of GPS (Global Positioning System) in a transport firm. Furthermore, in this article we are also introducing a case study of three transport firms describing process flow before and after implementation identifying enhanced information quality, service quality and communication as a foremost advantages and achievements after informatisatio

Realization of intended visual hierarchy in e-commerce web design : An eye tracking case study

The theory of visual hierarchy has been widely used in the field of web design, with the increasingly emphasized importance of UX-design in the e-commerce industry. As eye tracking technology has become a popular research method, the visual hierarchy of web pages has been studied from various perspectives. However, the domain lacks extensive research to determine the effectiveness of specific visual hierarchies in conveying intended information. This thesis reports a case study to investigate the design of a selected e-commerce website, with a focus on visual hierarchy and viewing patterns. The study employs an eye-tracking device to examine whether the arrangement of design elements on the website leads to the desired viewing patterns and supports the company's intended commercial objectives. The theoretical section of this paper discusses the ways in which the structural design of a web store can influence user attention and affect the customer’s journey within the page. The empirical part of the study begins with a case interview to determine the applied design strategy and intended outcomes of the design. This is followed by an eye-tracking experiment to assess whether practice aligns with theory and whether the website's goals are achieved in real-world conditions. The findings of this study provide valuable scientific insight for the company by suggesting improvements to the website's design. These findings may also be generalized to other websites or interfaces with similar characteristics, contributing to scientific knowledge. Additionally, the accuracy of existing scientific knowledge in applicable contexts is discussed along with the implications of the results.Verkkokaupan käyttäjäkokemuksen korostuneen merkityksen myötä visuaalisen hierarkian teoria on saanut laajaa suosiota verkkosivusuunnittelun viitekehyksessä. Katseenseurannan kehittyessä ja yleistyessä tutkimusmenetelmänä, on sitä hyödynnetty visuaalisen hierarkian aihepiirissä huomattavasti. Kuitenkaan kirjallisuudessa ei ole kattavasti käsitelty visuaalisten asettelutapojen tavoitteiden toteutumista käyttäjien katseessa. Tämän tutkielman tarkoituksena on selvittää, kuinka verkkokaupan sivustosuunnittelussa käytettyjen visuaalisten elementtien asettelu toteuttaa suunnittelijan tavoitteet asiakkaiden käyttäytymisessä. Katseenseurantalaitetta hyödyntämällä toteutettu tapaustutkimus pyrkii selvittämään, miten sivustoa katsovan huomio jakautuu elementtien kesken ja tukevatko havaitut katsekuviot suunnittelijan haastattelussa esittämiä tarkoitusperiä, liittyen sivuston visuaaliseen hierarkiaan ja halutun tiedon välittymiseen. Tutkielma koostuu kirjallisuuskatsauksesta sekä empiirisen tutkimuksen raportista. Aiemman kirjallisuuden tarkastelussa määritellään keskeiset käsitteet sekä pohditaan, millä tavoin verkkokaupan visuaalinen rakenne ja asettelu voi vaikuttaa asiakkaan käyttäytymiseen ja kokemukseen. Empiirinen osa alkaa case-sivuston suunnittelijan haastattelulla, jonka jälkeen suunnittelijan tavoitteita vertaillaan katseenseurantalaitteella kerättyyn aineistoon. Tutkimuksen tulokset tarjoavat case-yritykselle arvokasta tietoa hyödynnettäväksi verkkokauppansa kehittämisessä. Tuloksia voi myös yleistää muille sopiville käyttöliittymille, tarjoten tieteellistä aineistoa myös laajemman yleisön hyödynnettäväksi. Tutkielman päätteeksi raportissa pohditaan havaintojen suhdetta aiempaan tieteelliseen kirjallisuuteen

Best Practices for Evaluating Flight Deck Interfaces for Transport Category Aircraft with Particular Relevance to Issues of Attention, Awareness, and Understanding CAST SE-210 Output 2 Report 6 of 6

Attention, awareness, and understanding of the flight crew are a critical contributor to safety and the flight deck plays a critical role in supporting these cognitive functions. Changes to the flight deck need to be evaluated for whether the changed device provides adequate support for these functions. This report describes a set of diverse evaluation methods. The report recommends designing the interface-evaluation to span the phases of the device development, from early to late, and it provides methods appropriate at each phase. It describes the various ways in which an interface or interface component can fail to support awareness as potential issues to be assessed in evaluation. It summarizes appropriate methods to evaluate different issues concerning inadequate support for these functions, throughout the phases of development

Neuroadaptive LBS: towards human-, context-, and task-adaptive mobile geographic information displays to support spatial learning for pedestrian navigation

Well-designed, neuroadaptive mobile geographic information displays (namGIDs) could improve the lives of millions of mobile citizens of the mostly urban information society who daily need to make time critical and societally relevant decisions while navigating. What are the basic perceptual and neurocognitive processes with which individuals make movement decisions when guided by human- and context-adaptive namGIDs? How can we study this in an ecologically valid way, also outside of the highly controlled laboratory? We report first ideas and results from our unique neuroadaptive research agenda that brings us closer to answering this fundamental empirical question. We present our first implemented methodological solutions of novel ambulatory evaluation methods to study and improve Location-based System (LBS) displays, by critical examination of how perceptual, neurocognitive, psychophysiological, and display design factors might influence decision-making and spatial learning in pedestrian mobility across broad ranges of users and mobility contexts

User-Friendly Website Design: A Combined Eye-Tracking Study

A simple and intuitive operation – the so-called usability analysis of websites – is indispensable in modern times. In particular, drop-out rates can be applied as an indicator of existing usability problems. Eye-tracking is a proven method for the evaluation of the usability of websites. The aim of the study was to improve the usability of the website of an educational institute for trainees in the region as the target group. For this purpose, the use of an eye-tracking technology was combined with a survey of 30 trainees. The eye-tracking study was task-oriented: subjects were asked to inform themselves of particular course offers, and to register for the relevant courses. This procedure and the subsequent survey provided tangible indications of the search and surfing behaviour of the target group as well as their assessment of the usability of the website. This combination of methods allows the development of recommendations for optimizing the website with regard to its orientation, structure and level of comprehensibility. This work is licensed under a&nbsp;Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.</p