1,228 research outputs found
Scienceography: the study of how science is written
Scientific literature has itself been the subject of much scientific study,
for a variety of reasons: understanding how results are communicated, how ideas
spread, and assessing the influence of areas or individuals. However, most
prior work has focused on extracting and analyzing citation and stylistic
patterns. In this work, we introduce the notion of 'scienceography', which
focuses on the writing of science. We provide a first large scale study using
data derived from the arXiv e-print repository. Crucially, our data includes
the "source code" of scientific papers-the LaTEX source-which enables us to
study features not present in the "final product", such as the tools used and
private comments between authors. Our study identifies broad patterns and
trends in two example areas-computer science and mathematics-as well as
highlighting key differences in the way that science is written in these
fields. Finally, we outline future directions to extend the new topic of
scienceography.Comment: 13 pages,16 figures. Sixth International Conference on FUN WITH
ALGORITHMS, 201
From Pixels and Minds to the Mathematical Knowledge in a Digital Library
summary:Experience in setting up a workflow from scanned images of mathematical papers into a fully fledged mathematical library is described on the example of the project Czech Digital Mathematics Library DML-CZ. An overview of the whole process is given, with description of all main production steps. DML-CZ has recently been launched to public with more than 100,000 digitized pages
Newly available technologies present expanding opportunities for scientific and technical information exchange
The potential for expanded communication among researchers, scholars, and students is supported by growth in the capabilities for electronic communication as well as expanding access to various forms of electronic interchange and computing capabilities. Research supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration points to a future where workstations with audio and video monitors and screen-sharing protocols are used to support collaborations with colleagues located throughout the world. Instruments and sensors all over the world will produce data streams that will be brought together and analyzed to produce new findings, which in turn can be distributed electronically. New forms of electronic journals will emerge and provide opportunities for researchers and scientists to electronically and interactively exchange information in a wide range of structures and formats. Ultimately, the wide-scale use of these technologies in the dissemination of research results and the stimulation of collegial dialogue will change the way we represent and express our knowledge of the world. A new paradigm will evolve-perhaps a truly worldwide 'invisible college'
Towards machine-assisted meta-studies: the Hubble constant
We present an approach for automatic extraction of measured values from the astrophysical literature, using the Hubble constant for our pilot study. Our rules-based model – a classical technique in natural language processing – has successfully extracted 298 measurements of the Hubble constant, with uncertainties, from the 208 541 available arXiv astrophysics papers. We have also created an artificial neural network classifier to identify papers in arXiv which report novel measurements. From the analysis of our results we find that reporting measurements with uncertainties and the correct units is critical information when distinguishing novel measurements in free text. Our results correctly highlight the current tension for measurements of the Hubble constant and recover the 3.5σ discrepancy – demonstrating that the tool presented in this paper is useful for meta-studies of astrophysical measurements from a large number of publications
Integral and Rxte/Asm Observations on Igr J17098-3628
To probe further the possible nature of the unidentified source IGR
J17098-3628, we have carried out a detailed analysis of its long-term time
variability as monitored by RXTE/ASM, and of its hard X-ray properties as
observed by INTEGRAL. INTEGRAL has monitored this sky region over years and
significantly detected IGR J17098-3628 only when the source was in this dubbed
active state. In particular, at 20 keV, IBIS/ISGRI caught an outburst in
March 2005, lasting for 5 days with detection significance of 73
(20-40 keV) and with the emission at 200 keV. The ASM observations reveal
that the soft X-ray lightcurve shows a similar outburst to that detected by
INTEGRAL, however the peak of the soft X-ray lightcurve either lags, or is
preceded by, the hard X-ray (20 keV) outburst by 2 days. This
resembles the behavior of X-ray novae like XN 1124-683, hence it further
suggests a LMXB nature for IGR J17098-3628. While the quality of the ASM data
prevents us from drawing any definite conclusions, these discoveries are
important clues that, coupled with future observations, will help to resolve
the as yet unknown nature of IGR J17098-3628.Comment: 15 pages, 7 figure, accepted in PAS
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