Enactivism and ethnomethodological conversation analysis as tools for expanding Universal Design for Learning: the case of visually impaired mathematics students

Blind and visually impaired mathematics students must rely on accessible materials such as tactile diagrams to learn mathematics. However, these compensatory materials are frequently found to offer students inferior opportunities for engaging in mathematical practice and do not allow sensorily heterogenous students to collaborate. Such prevailing problems of access and interaction are central concerns of Universal Design for Learning (UDL), an engineering paradigm for inclusive participation in cultural praxis like mathematics. Rather than directly adapt existing artifacts for broader usage, UDL process begins by interrogating the praxis these artifacts serve and then radically re-imagining tools and ecologies to optimize usability for all learners. We argue for the utility of two additional frameworks to enhance UDL efforts: (a) enactivism, a cognitive-sciences view of learning, knowing, and reasoning as modal activity; and (b) ethnomethodological conversation analysis (EMCA), which investigates participants’ multimodal methods for coordinating action and meaning. Combined, these approaches help frame the design and evaluation of opportunities for heterogeneous students to learn mathematics collaboratively in inclusive classrooms by coordinating perceptuo-motor solutions to joint manipulation problems. We contextualize the thesis with a proposal for a pluralist design for proportions, in which a pair of students jointly operate an interactive technological device

Research and practice: Bridging the gap or changing the focus?

Bridging the gulf that tends to persist between research in mathematics education and mathematics teaching practice is a timely issue. This comment addresses the impact of research not only on teachers’ practices and the curriculum, but also on students’ practices, teacher education practices, the educational market, and the society at large. It argues that for research to bring about changes in mathematics teaching and learning we need to act at a systemic level. It also argues that if we want to have a real influence on practice, we need to see that as a problem on itself. It concludes indicating that our con-fidence in the power of research to understand phenomena and intervene in practice must be combined with an attitude of social responsiveness, working closely with different social partners and being critical and reflective about what we do.Tapar o fosso que tende a persistir entre a investigação na educação matemática e a prática de ensino é uma questão urgente. Este comentário debruça-se sobre o impacto da investigação não apenas nas práticas de ensino dos professores e no currículo, mas também nas práticas dos alunos, nas práticas de formação de professores, no mercado educacional, e na sociedade em geral. Argumenta que, para que a investigação traga mudanças no ensino e na aprendizagem da Matemática, é necessário agirmos ao nível sistémico. Também argumenta que, se quisermos ter uma influência real na prática, precisamos de ver que isso constitui um problema em si mesmo. O artigo conclui indicando que a nossa confiança no poder da investigação para compreender os fenómenos e intervir na prática deve ser combinado com uma atitude de responsabilidade social, trabalhando estreitamente com diferentes parceiros sociais e sendo críticos e reflexivos em relação ao nosso próprio trabalho

Contours of Inclusion: Inclusive Arts Teaching and Learning

The purpose of this publication is to share models and case examples of the process of inclusive arts curriculum design and evaluation. The first section explains the conceptual and curriculum frameworks that were used in the analysis and generation of the featured case studies (i.e. Understanding by Design, Differentiated Instruction, and Universal Design for Learning). Data for the cases studies was collected from three urban sites (i.e. Los Angeles, San Francisco, and Boston) and included participant observations, student and teacher interviews, curriculum documentation, digital documentation of student learning, and transcripts from discussion forum and teleconference discussions from a professional learning community.The initial case studies by Glass and Barnum use the curricular frameworks to analyze and understand what inclusive practices look like in two case studies of arts-in-education programs that included students with disabilities. The second set of precedent case studies by Kronenberg and Blair, and Jenkins and Agois Hurel uses the frameworks to explain their process of including students by providing flexible arts learning options to support student learning of content standards. Both sets of case studies illuminate curricular design decisions and instructional strategies that supported the active engagement and learning of students with disabilities in educational settings shared with their peers. The second set of cases also illustrate the reflective process of using frameworks like Universal Design for Learning (UDL) to guide curricular design, responsive instructional differentiation, and the use of the arts as a rich, meaningful, and engaging option to support learning. Appended are curriculum design and evaluation tools. (Individual chapters contain references.

Identification of learning situation during prospective teachers’ student teaching in two countries

This paper compares two prospective teachers during student teaching practices from England and Slovakia. According to our theoretical framework, we identified the situations of prospective teachers’ learning for both cases within these settings. Contrasting these two examples help us lighten several key characteristics of prospective teachers’ preparation courses and show us some possibilities for further development in the prospective teachers’ education. (Orig.

Using Valsiner

Students develop within rich, complex cultural community settings involving teachers and the environmental surrounds. To investigate the multiple perspectives in such a teaching and learning setting a suitable framework incorporating sociocultural practices is needed. The developmental works of Valsiner are proposed here which, it will be argued, assists in the identification and analysis of developmental issues. The application of the theoretical framework presented in this paper is exemplified in the development of numeracy in a 1st year nursing progra

Simulating activities: Relating motives, deliberation, and attentive coordination

Activities are located behaviors, taking time, conceived as socially meaningful, and usually involving interaction with tools and the environment. In modeling human cognition as a form of problem solving (goal-directed search and operator sequencing), cognitive science researchers have not adequately studied “off-task” activities (e.g., waiting), non-intellectual motives (e.g., hunger), sustaining a goal state (e.g., playful interaction), and coupled perceptual-motor dynamics (e.g., following someone). These aspects of human behavior have been considered in bits and pieces in past research, identified as scripts, human factors, behavior settings, ensemble, flow experience, and situated action. More broadly, activity theory provides a comprehensive framework relating motives, goals, and operations. This paper ties these ideas together, using examples from work life in a Canadian High Arctic research station. The emphasis is on simulating human behavior as it naturally occurs, such that “working” is understood as an aspect of living. The result is a synthesis of previously unrelated analytic perspectives and a broader appreciation of the nature of human cognition. Simulating activities in this comprehensive way is useful for understanding work practice, promoting learning, and designing better tools, including human-robot systems