Quantitative Analysis of DoS Attacks and Client Puzzles in IoT Systems

Denial of Service (DoS) attacks constitute a major security threat to today's Internet. This challenge is especially pertinent to the Internet of Things (IoT) as devices have less computing power, memory and security mechanisms to mitigate DoS attacks. This paper presents a model that mimics the unique characteristics of a network of IoT devices, including components of the system implementing `Crypto Puzzles' - a DoS mitigation technique. We created an imitation of a DoS attack on the system, and conducted a quantitative analysis to simulate the impact such an attack may potentially exert upon the system, assessing the trade off between security and throughput in the IoT system. We model this through stochastic model checking in PRISM and provide evidence that supports this as a valuable method to compare the efficiency of different implementations of IoT systems, exemplified by a case study

High cycle fatigue and ratcheting interaction of laser powder bed fusion stainless steel 316L:Fracture behaviour and stress-based modelling

Variations in the physical and mechanical properties of parts made by laser power bed fusion (L-PBF) could be affected by the choice of processing or post-processing strategies. This work examined the influence of build orientation and post-processing treatments (annealing or hot isostatic pressing) on the fatigue and fracture behaviours of L-PBF stainless steel 316L in the high cycle fatigue region, i.e. 104 – 106 cycles. Experimental results show that both factors introduce significant changes in the plastic deformation properties, which affect fatigue strength via the mechanism of fatigue-ratcheting interaction. Cyclic plasticity is characterised by hardening, which promotes mean stress insensitivity and improved fatigue resistance. Fatigue activities, involving the initiation of crack at defects and microstructural heterogeneities, are of greater relevance to the longer life region where the global deformation mode is elastic. As the simultaneous actions of ratcheting and fatigue generate complex nonlinear interactions between the alternating stress amplitude and mean stress, the fatigue properties could not be effectively predicted using traditional stress-based models. A modification to the Goodman relation was proposed to account for the added effects of cyclic plasticity and was demonstrated to produce good agreement with experimental results for both cyclic hardening and softening materials.EDB (Economic Devt. Board, S’pore)Accepted versio

Fitness professionals’ pedagogical intervention

It is recognised the importance of fitness professionals’ intervention for fitness centres’ quality and participants’ satisfaction and retention. The objective of this article is to present several studies that show some particular aspects of pedagogical intervention which must be taken into account for participants’ satisfaction and retention, namely encouragement, instruction and pay attention to participants. Some implications for the practice of fitness professionals’ pedagogical intervention are presented.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Recognizing myofascial pelvic pain in the female patient with chronic pelvic pain.

Myofascial pelvic pain (MFPP) is a major component of chronic pelvic pain (CPP) and often is not properly identified by health care providers. The hallmark diagnostic indicator of MFPP is myofascial trigger points in the pelvic floor musculature that refer pain to adjacent sites. Effective treatments are available to reduce MFPP, including myofascial trigger point release, biofeedback, and electrical stimulation. An interdisciplinary team is essential for identifying and successfully treating MFPP

Deviant politics : el hip hop como forma de resistencia contra la híper-criminalización y la violencia estructural

The purpose of this research is to examine how hip hop music provides a place for what Rios (2011) calls “deviant politics” where young men put on a tough front associated with hyper-masculinity in response to the way society excludes them on the base of their race/ethnicity and low-income status. The concept of deviant politics will be used to examine how the role of hip hop music in Juárez shapes resistance to hyper-criminalization in order to recover from structural violence. The study addresses two objectives: 1. To examine the hyper-criminalization of Juárez MCs by examining the structural context in which they live and the deviant labels attached to this group attributed to their status as young, male and poor. 2. To illustrate how hip hop is a form of resistance, or what Rios (2011) calls deviant politics, used to combat stigma and the lack of legitimate (educational and work) opportunities. This study consists of 16 in-depth interviews with Juárez MCs; content analysis is used to interpret the lyrics of four of their songs.El propósito de esta investigación es examinar cómo la música hip hop proporciona un lugar para lo que Ríos (2011) llama «Deviant Polítics» donde los jóvenes adoptan una imagen ruda que está asociada con la híper-masculinidad como una respuesta a la exclusión de la sociedad debido a su raza/etnia y su estatus socioeconómico. El concepto de «Deviant Politics» se utilizará para examinar cómo el papel de la música hip hop en Juárez da forma a la resistencia contra la híper-criminalización para recuperarse de la violencia estructural. Se abordarán dos objetivos: 1. Trato de examinar la hípercriminalización de los MC en Juárez, examinando el contexto estructural en la que viven atribuido a su condición de hombres, de jóvenes, y de bajos recursos. 2. Voy a ilustrar cómo el hip hop es una forma de resistencia, o lo que Ríos (2011) llama «Deviant Politics», que se utiliza para combatir el estigma y la falta de oportunidades en la educación y buenos empleos. Este estudio consta de 16 entrevistas con jóvenes juarenses. He utilizado el análisis de contenido para interpretar cuatro letras de canciones de MC de Juárez.El propòsit d’aquesta recerca és examinar com la música hip hop proporciona un lloc per a allò que Ríos (2011) anomena «Deviant Politics», en què els joves adopten una imatge ruda que està associada amb la hipermasculinitat com a resposta a l’exclusió de la societat a causa de la seua raça/ètnia i del seu estatus socioeconòmic. El concepte de Deviant Politics s’utilitzarà per a examinar el paper de la música hip hop a Juárez, i com dóna forma a la resistència contra la hipercriminalització per a recuperar-se de la violència estructural. S’hi abordaran dos objectius: 1. Tracte d’examinar la hipercriminalització dels MC a Juárez, i examine el context estructural en el qual viuen, atribuït a la seua condició d’homes, de joves de pocs recursos. 2. Il·lustre com el hip hop és una forma de resistència, o el que Ríos (2011) anomena Deviant Politics, que s’utilitza per a combatre l’estigma i la falta d’oportunitats en l’educació i bones ocupacions. Aquest estudi consta de 16 entrevistes amb joves de Juárez. He utilitzat l’anàlisi de contingut per a interpretar quatre lletres de cançons de MC de Juárez

If I Ruled the World: Putting Hip Hop on the Atlas

“If I Ruled the World: Putting Hip Hop on the Atlas” contends for a third wave of Global Hip Hop Studies that builds on the work of the first two waves, identifies Hip Hop as an African diasporic phenomenon, and aligns with Hip Hop where there are no boundaries between Hip Hop inside and outside of the United States. Joanna Daguirane Da Sylva adds to the cipha with her examination of Didier Awadi. Da Sylva\u27s excellent work reveals the ways in which Hip Hoppa Didier Awadi elevates Pan-Africanism and uses Hip Hop as a tool to decolonize the minds of African peoples. The interview by Tasha Iglesias and myself of members of Generation Hip Hop and the Universal Hip Hop Museum provides a primary source and highlights two Hip Hop organizations with chapters around the world. Mich Yonah Nyawalo’s Negotiating French Muslim Identities through Hip Hop details Hip Hop artists Médine and Diam’s, who are both French and Muslim, and whose self-identification can be understood as political strategies in response to the French Republic’s marginalization of Muslims. In “Configurations of Space and Identity in Hip Hop: Performing ’Global South’,” Igor Johannsen adds to this special issue an examination of the spatiality of the Global South and how Hip Hoppas in the Global South oppose global hegemony. The final essay, “‘I Got the Mics On, My People Speak’: On the Rise of Aboriginal Australian Hip Hop,” by Benjamin Kelly and Rhyan Clapham, provides a thorough analysis of Aboriginal Hip Hop and situates it within postcolonialism. Overall, the collection of these essays points to the multiple identities, political economies, cultures, and scholarly fields and disciplines that Hip Hop interacts with around the world

Physiological and psychological health effects of Nordic walking on sedentary adults

To investigate the effects of an eight week Nordic Walking programme on health outcomes in sedentary yet healthy adults. Thirty-nine participants (mean age = 54.6 ± 9.3 years) were randomised to a Nordic (N=20) or standard walking group (N=19) and completed three 55-minute supervised walking sessions per week. Blood pressure, aerobic capacity, lipid profile and anthropometry were assessed and participants completed measures of health-related quality of life, self-esteem, depression and mood pre- and post intervention. There was a significant group interaction for diastolic blood pressure with a trend for lower values in the Nordic Walking group post intervention. There was a significant decrease in waist, hip and upper arm circumference and a significant increase in total distance and averaging exercising heart rate in both walking groups post intervention. There were no significant differences within or between groups for total cholesterol, high and low density lipoprotein however a significant intervention effect was observed for triglycerides. The findings point towards a non-significant improvement in health-related quality of life, selfesteem, depression and mood in both walking groups over time. In line with previous research, an eight-week walking intervention significantly improved aspects of physical and mental health in a sedentary population, although Nordic Walking did not enhance these health benefits compared to standard walking. Further research needs to focus on increasing intervention duration, ensuring mastery of correct technique and monitoring intensity during the intervention period

Gender differences in physical performance characteristics of competitive surfers

Competitive surfing is judged on the performance and complexity of innovative and progressive manoeuvres. As such, surfers require the physical attributes of strength and power in both the upper and lower-body in order to facilitate performance. To date, there remains limited research pertaining to the physical performance characteristics of competitive female surfers, making it difficult to quantify the current gender gap in performance attributes. Therefore, the purpose of this thesis was fivefold: (1) to describe and compare the gender differences in physical performance characteristics of competitive surfers; (2) to investigate the reliability and validity of the isometric push-up (IPU), dynamic push-up (DPU) and force plate pop-up (FP POP) measures of upper-body strength qualities; (3) to examine the gender differences in the dynamic strength index (DSI) and dynamic skill deficit (DSD); assessing upperbody dynamic and sports-specific strength relative to maximal isometric strength; (4) to investigate the gender differences in kinetic and kinematic variables of the countermovement jump (CMJ) and squat jump (SJ); and (5) to assess the gender differences in resistance training self-efficacy (SE) and outcome expectancy (OE). The aforementioned studies provide strength and conditioning practitioners, as well as surf coaches, with the data to make evidence-based decisions in the application of training to the female surfers and bridge the gender gap that is apparent within competitive surfing. Study one informed competitive male surfers had more developed physical performance characteristics in the upper and lower-body than female surfers. The findings of this study highlighted the performance benefits that female surfers may experience if such physical qualities are targeted through structured and periodised training. Study two demonstrated the IPU, DPU and FP POP to be reliable measure of upper-body isometric, dynamic and sports-specific strength. Furthermore, the results of this study identified maximal upper-body strength to be strongly associated with the ability to apply force dynamically (DPU and FP POP). These findings apply novel methodologies, in order to better understand the upper-body sports-specific strength qualities of surfers. Study three reported no gender differences in DSI or DSD ratios. However, competitive male surfers applied greater upper-body isometric and dynamic PF application, and greater sport-specific force application (FP POP). These findings, in conjunction with study two, suggest female surfers may benefit from improving their upper-body maximal strength, thus facilitating their ability to apply force in a sports-specific context. Study four demonstrated competitive male surfers achieved an increased jump height by applying a significantly larger normalised concentric impulse in both the CMJ and SJ. These findings may be attributed to the greater countermovement depth exhibited by males, enabling a greater distance over which force can be applied. Study five found no significant difference in resistance training SE or OE between competitive male and female surfers, with similarly high values being reported for both genders. Therefore, resistance training SE and OE in the examined cohort does not seem to be a confounding variable that interacts to elicit the physiological gender differences of competitive surfers

Reporting of Harm in Randomized Controlled Trials of Therapeutic Exercise for Knee Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review

Objective: The Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) recommends reporting adverse events (AEs) and dropouts (DOs) with their definitions. The purpose of this study was to identify how AEs and DOs were reported in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of therapeutic exercise for knee osteoarthritis (OA). Methods: Data sources were the Cochrane Library, EMBASE, PUBMED, and CINAHL. Databases were searched to identify RCTs of therapeutic exercise for Knee OA published from January 1, 1980, through July 23, 2020. Researchers independently extracted participant and intervention characteristics and determined whether a clear statement of and reasons for AEs and DOs existed. The primary outcome was exercise-related harm. Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scoring described study quality and risk of bias. Descriptive and inferential statistics characterized results. Meta-analysis was not performed due to data heterogeneity. Results: One hundred 13 studies (152 arms) from 25 countries were included with 5909 participants exercising. PEDro scores ranged from 4 to 9. Exercise intensity was not specified in 57.9% of exercise arms. Fifty studies (44.2%) included an AE statement and 24 (21.2%) reported AEs, yielding 297 patients. One hundred three studies (91.2%) had a DO statement. Sixteen studies (15.5%) provided reasons for DOs that could be classified as AEs among 39 patients, yielding a 13.1% increase in AEs. Thus, 336 patients (6.0%) experienced exercise-related harm among studies with a clear statement of AEs and DOs. A significant difference existed in misclassification of DOs pre- and post-CONSORT 2010 (12.2% vs 3.1%; X21 = 21.2). Conclusions: In some studies, the reason for DOs could be considered AEs, leading to potential underreporting of harm. Improvements in reporting of harm were found pre-and post-CONSORT 2010. Greater clarity regarding AE and DO definitions and TherEx intensity are needed to determine safe dosing and mode of therapeutic exercise for knee OA. Impact: More adherence to the CONSORT statement is needed regarding reporting of and defining AEs, DOs, and therapeutic exercise intensity; however, despite this, therapeutic exercise seems to be associated with minimal risk of harm